19,306 results match your criteria: "University of Notre Dame; dgo@nd.edu.[Affiliation]"

Interconversion of the oxidation states of uranium enables separations and reactivity schemes involving this element and contributes to technologies for recycling of spent nuclear fuels. The redox behaviors of uranium species impact these processes, but use of electrochemical methods to drive reactions of molecular uranium complexes and to obtain molecular insights into the outcomes of electrode-driven reactions has received far less attention than it deserves. Here, we show that electro-reduction of the uranyl ion (UO) can be used to promote stepwise functionalization of the typically unreactive oxo groups with exogenous triphenylborane (BPh) serving as a moderate electrophile, avoiding the conventional requirement for a chemical reductant.

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Over time, memories lose episodic detail and become distorted, a process with serious ramifications for eyewitness identification. What are the processes contributing to such transformations over time? We investigated the roles of post-learning sleep and retrieval practice in memory accuracy and distortion, using a naturalistic story recollection task. Undergraduate students listened to a recording of the "War of the Ghosts," a Native American folktale, and were assigned to either a sleep or wake delay group, and either a retrieval practice or listen-only study condition.

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Article Synopsis
  • * In a cohort of over 21,000 adults, the AI-AAS identified significantly more cases of severe AS than initial clinical evaluations, highlighting a gender bias in diagnosis and treatment referrals.
  • * Results show that while 54.4% of undiagnosed severe AS cases were women, the AI-AAS could help ensure that more patients, particularly women, receive necessary interventions for this potentially life-threatening condition.
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Emx2 is an essential regulator of ciliated cell development across embryonic tissues.

iScience

December 2024

Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.

Cilia are hair-like organelles with vital physiological roles, and ciliogenesis defects underlie a range of severe congenital malformations and human diseases. Here, we report that is essential for cilia development across multiple embryonic tissues including the ear, neuromasts and Kupffer's vesicle (KV), which establishes left/right axial pattern. deficient embryos manifest altered fluid homeostasis and kidney defects including decreased multiciliated cells (MCCs), determining that is essential to properly establish several renal lineages.

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Photonic Supercoupling in Silicon Topological Waveguides.

Adv Mater

December 2024

Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.

Waveguide interconnect coupling control is essential for enhancing the chip density of photonic integrated circuits to incorporate a growing number of components. However, a critical engineering challenge is to achieve both strong waveguide isolation and efficient long-range coupling on a single chip. Here, a novel photonic supercoupling phenomenon is demonstrated for waveguide coupling over separation distances from a quarter to five wavelengths (λ), leveraging the tunable mode tails and the vortex energy flow in topological valley Hall system.

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Article Synopsis
  • Radiomics involves extracting features from medical imaging data to enhance clinical applications, especially in rhinology where CT imaging of the paranasal sinus is crucial for diagnosis and treatment assessment.
  • A systematic review analyzed techniques for radiomic data derived from CT scans, resulting in 10 eligible studies categorized into diagnostics and prognostics, using various extraction methods and analytical approaches.
  • While the potential of radiomics in rhinology is promising, the current studies show variable quality and limited clinical applicability, indicating a need for more robust research in this area.
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Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex chronic disease, and it is associated with a second comorbid condition in more than half of cases. Self-management programs can be specific to CHF or generic for chronic diseases. Several tools have been validated for CHF.

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It is our honor to present this editorial to close the Special Issue "Smart Healthcare: Technologies and Applications", which we are coordinating [...

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Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Macroscopic Regional Nodal Melanoma.

Cancers (Basel)

November 2024

Icon Cancer Centre, 1-3 Macarthur Ave, Revesby, NSW 2022, Australia.

Adjuvant radiation therapy (ART) for macroscopic regional nodal cutaneous melanoma has evolved. A significant step was the discovery of targeted therapies, particularly towards V600E-mutated melanoma, and immunotherapy under its different kinds. Prior to this, the defining trial was the Australia and New Zealand Melanoma Trials Group (ANZMTG) 01.

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Three experiments with the psychomotor vigilance task examined whether presenting content-free cues, feedback, and points would reduce lapses of sustained attention. In all three experiments, behavioral lapses of attention (particularly slow reaction times) were reduced with the motivation manipulations compared with control conditions, but self-reports of off-task thinking (e.g.

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Background: Although phytoestrogens modulated pancreatic tumour growth in experimental studies, it remains unclear whether phytoestrogen intake is associated with pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Of 92,278 persons who completed the Diet History Questionnaire in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, 346 were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer within a median follow-up of 9.4 years.

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Aims: Studies show that people with severe mental illness (SMI) have a greater risk of dying from colorectal cancer (CRC). These studies mostly predate the introduction of national bowel cancer screening programmes (NBCSPs) and it is unknown if these have reduced disparity in CRC-related mortality for people with SMI.

Methods: We compared mortality rates following CRC diagnosis at colonoscopy between a nationally representative sample of people with and without SMI who participated in Australia's NBCSP.

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Plasma-Catalyst Dynamics: Nonthermal Activation of Strong Metal-Support Interactions.

J Am Chem Soc

January 2025

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 250 Nieuwland Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.

Nonthermal plasma-surface interactions enable transformative advancements in green chemistry, healthcare, materials processing, pollution abatement, and the ever-growing area of plasma catalysis. In the context of plasma catalysis, the fate of the active sites during plasma treatment has remained enigmatic, and observation of low-temperature plasma-catalyst events has been challenging. The induction of strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) through high-temperature hydrogen treatment is a well-documented and established, yet limited, method to impact selectivity and stability of noble metal catalysts on reducible supports.

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Clinically-relevant variants in the STUB1 gene have been associated with an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia 48 (SCA48), a recently described inherited neurodegenerative condition that is characterised by cognitive and psychiatric changes. To describe the clinical phenotype and genetic findings of three new Australian probands with STUB1 to expand the current understanding of the spectrum of clinical presentation and natural history of SCA48. Clinical and genetic review of patients diagnosed with SCA48 ataxia drawn from our centres.

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The fifth edition of defines anorexia nervosa (AN) severity based on body mass index (BMI). However, BMI categories do not reliably differentiate the intensity of AN and comorbid symptoms. Shape/weight overvaluation has been proposed as an alternative severity specifier.

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Heart valves play a critical role in maintaining proper cardiovascular function in the human heart; however, valve diseases can lead to improper valvular function and reduced cardiovascular performance. Depending on the extent and severity of the valvular disease, replacement operations are often required to ensure that the heart continues to operate properly in the cardiac system. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures have recently emerged as a promising alternative to surgical replacement approaches because the percutaneous methods used in these implant operations are significantly less invasive than open heart surgery.

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Impact of Guest Orientation in Host-Guest Supramolecular Hydrogels.

ACS Macro Lett

December 2024

Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.

Host-guest interactions have been increasingly explored for use in the dynamic physical cross-linking of polymeric precursors to form hydrogel networks. However, the orientation of guest motifs is restricted upon macromolecule conjugation. The implications of such restriction on both the kinetics and thermodynamics of the resulting host-guest supramolecular cross-links are poorly understood.

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Introduction: Inguinal hernia is a very common surgical problem in Australia. This study aims to assess at a single institution the perioperative use of imaging for these patients, and the accuracy of that imaging.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively for 215 adult patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair at a single public hospital.

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Background: Intrinsic foot muscle weakness has been implicated in a wide range of forefoot conditions and is typically measured by the paper grip test. The proposed "knuckle test" is intended to evaluate intrinsic foot muscle function, in which active flexion of toes makes the metatarsal heads ("knuckles") prominent in the forefoot. This study seeks to compare prevalence of negative knuckle test results and intrinsic muscle weakness in patients, primarily by association with a positive paper grip test result and secondarily with presence of toe deformities.

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Droplet-based 3D bioprinting for drug delivery and screening.

Adv Drug Deliv Rev

December 2024

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. Electronic address:

Recently, the conventional criterion of "one-size-fits-all" is not qualified for each individual patient, requiring precision medicine for enhanced therapeutic effects. Besides, drug screening is a high-cost and time-consuming process which requires innovative approaches to facilitate drug development rate. Benefiting from consistent technical advances in 3D bioprinting techniques, droplet-based 3D bioprinting techniques have been broadly utilized in pharmaceutics due to the noncontact printing mechanism and precise control on the deposition position of droplets.

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Longitudinal randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been commonly used in psychological studies to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment or intervention strategies. Outcomes in longitudinal RCTs may follow either straight-line or curvilinear change trajectories over time, and missing data are almost inevitable in such trials. The current study aims to investigate (a) whether the estimate of average treatment effect (ATE) would be biased if a straight-line growth (SLG) model is fit to longitudinal RCT data with quadratic growth and missing completely at random (MCAR) or missing at random (MAR) data, and (b) whether adding a quadratic term to an SLG model would improve the ATE estimation and inference.

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Objectives: To examine trends in access to mental healthcare by old and very old people since the commencement of Australia's Better Access Initiative in 2006.

Methods: Descriptive analysis of changes in access by people aged 75-84 and over 85 using data analysed and published by the AIHW.

Results: Since the introduction of Better Access, rates of access to specialist inpatient and community mental healthcare have reduced for those aged 75 years and older.

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Thermal acclimation effects on locomotory performance have been widely documented for macroscopic organisms, but such responses remain largely unexplored in microorganisms. Metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) predicts faster responses in smaller organisms, with potential consequences for host-parasite interactions in variable temperature environments. We investigated thermal acclimation effects on zoospores of the amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), quantifying (1) thermal performance for maximum zoospore velocity and (2) high temperatures needed to immobilize 50% (CT50max) or 100% (CT100max) of zoospores.

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Assessment of fine-tuned large language models for real-world chemistry and material science applications.

Chem Sci

January 2025

Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Rue de l'Industrie 17 CH-1951 Sion Switzerland

Article Synopsis
  • Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-J-6B, Llama-3.1-8B, and Mistral-7B can learn chemical properties effectively through fine-tuning without specialized features.
  • Fine-tuning these models often outperforms traditional machine learning methods in simple classification tasks, with potential success in more complex problems depending on dataset size and question type.
  • The ease of converting datasets for LLM training and the effectiveness of small datasets in generating predictive models suggest that LLMs could significantly streamline experimental processes in chemical research.
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Diazirines are versatile carbene precursors that are extensively used in biological target identification experiments. However, their photo-activation wavelength ( 365 nm) precludes their use in living organisms. Here we show that a reconceptualization of the diazirine hybridization state leads to conjugation of the diazirine motif to longer-wavelength chromophores.

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