The impact of chronic intermittent hypoxia on enzymatic activity in memory-associated brain regions of male and female rats.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an intermittent hypoxia disorder associated with cognitive dysfunction, including learning and memory impairments. There is evidence that alterations in protease activity and neuronal activation as associated with cognitive dysfunction, are dependent on sex, and may be brain region-specific. However, the mechanisms mediating OSA-induced cognitive impairments are unclear.

Personalized bone organoid using iPSC-derived cells for clinically relevant applications.

Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-based modeling potentially recapitulates the pathology and mechanisms more faithfully than cell line models and general animal models. Utilizing iPSC-derived cells for personalized bone formation research offers a powerful tool to better understand the role of individual differences in bone health and disease and provide more precise information for personalized bone regeneration therapies. Here we generated iPSC-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPCs), endothelial cells (iECs), and macrophages (iMØ), from different donors.

Differential associations of neighborhood disadvantage, race/ethnicity, and cognitive status with experiences of psychosocial distress in the HABS-HD cohort.

Introduction: Understanding how contextual socioeconomic factors are associated with psychosocial distress among different ethnoracial groups is important for addressing health disparities in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: Using Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities (HABS-HD) data collected between 2017 and 2023, we examined the association of neighborhood disadvantage with psychosocial distress using demographically adjusted linear regression models, stratified by ethnoracial group and cognitive status.

Results: We included 630 non-Hispanic Black, 1109 Hispanic, and 1068 non-Hispanic White older adults deemed cognitively normal (CN) or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

GLP1Ra-based therapies and DXA-acquired musculoskeletal health outcomes: a focused meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1Ra)-based therapies on change in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-acquired lean mass (LM) or bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: PubMed and Web of Science were searched from database inception through January 29, 2024, for randomized, placebo-controlled trials reporting on change in DXA-acquired LM or BMD measures associated with 12+ weeks of GLP1Ra-based treatment. Of 2618 articles, 9 trials met prespecified search criteria, with 7 reporting on change in total body LM and 2 reporting on change in BMD.

Optimization of a digital health intervention to enhance well-being among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: Design and methods of the EMPOWER full factorial trial.

Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (AYAs) experience clinically significant distress and have limited access to supportive care services. Interventions to enhance psychological well-being have improved positive affect and reduced depression in clinical and healthy populations and have not been routinely tested in AYA survivors. We are optimizing a web-based positive skills intervention for AYA cancer survivors called Enhancing Management of Psychological Outcomes With Emotion Regulation (EMPOWER) by: (1) determining which intervention components have the strongest effects on well-being and (2) identifying demographic and individual difference variables that mediate and moderate EMPOWER's efficacy.

Delivering the News of an Intraoperative Death; Literature Based Guidance from the AATS Wellness Committee.

Objectives: Fortunately, operating room deaths and unexpected deaths are infrequent occurrences. However, when they occur, the surgeon is called upon to deliver this news to family and loved ones. There is a paucity of literature on this topic and little guidance preparing cardiothoracic surgeons for this important but difficult situation.

Pre-and post-migration factors associated with sleep health among Latin American immigrants in the United States: A systematic review.

Immigrants face unique challenges and stressors before leaving their country of origin and upon arrival to their host country, all of which may impair their sleep health. We synthesized the literature on pre-and-post migration factors predicting sleep outcomes among foreign-born Latin American immigrants to the United States. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched three electronic databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science.

Genomic Biomarkers Associated with Enfortumab Vedotin Outcomes for Patients with Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Analysis of UNITE Study Data.

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is used as monotherapy or combined with pembrolizumab in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC), but biomarker data associated with EV outcomes are limited. We identified 170 patients in the UNITE study who received EV monotherapy and had molecular biomarker data available. Outcomes for groups with and without a particular biomarker were compared using logistic regression (unadjusted) for the objective response rate (ORR), and a log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazard models (CPHMs) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from EV initiation.

Outcome of Patients With Central Nervous System Multiple Myeloma (CNS-MM) Treated With CNS-Directed Radiation Therapy.

Background: The prognosis of multiple myeloma involving the central nervous system (CNS-MM) is poor. We report outcomes of CNS-MM treated with CNS-directed radiation therapy (RT).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with CNS-MM treated with CNS-directed RT from 2015 to 2024.

An expert consensus statement on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies.

Biomarkers of ageing serve as important outcome measures in longevity-promoting interventions. However, there is limited consensus on which specific biomarkers are most appropriate for human intervention studies. This work aimed to address this need by establishing an expert consensus on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies via the Delphi method.

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Expert Consensus Statements on a Framework for a Standardized National Robotic Curriculum for Thoracic Surgery Trainees.

Objective: With robotic technology's rapid growth and integration, an urgent need to bridge the educational gap in thoracic surgical training has emerged. This document, a result of consensus among a group of experts in the practice and training of robotic surgery from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), aims to provide a framework for a standardized national robotic curriculum for thoracic surgery trainees.

Methods: The STS Task Force on Robotic Thoracic Surgery and Workforce on E-learning and Educational Innovation assembled an expert group with the input of the Thoracic Surgery Director's Association (TSDA).

A phase 1 study of the CDK9 inhibitor voruciclib in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia and B-cell malignancies.

The anti-apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) contributes to the pathophysiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and certain B-cell malignancies. Tumor dependence on Mcl-1 is associated with resistance to venetoclax. Voruciclib, an oral cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor targeting CDK9, indirectly decreases Mcl-1 protein expression and synergizes with venetoclax in preclinical models.

An Access-Focused Patient-Centric Value Assessment Framework for Medication Formulary Decision-Making in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.

The healthcare system in the United States (US) is complex and often fragmented across national and regional health plans which exhibit substantial variability in benefit design and formulary policies for accessing medications. We propose an access-focused value assessment framework for formulary decision-making for medications to manage immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), where patients are at the center of this framework. Formulary decision-making for IMID medications can be a challenging, even daunting, task with continuously evolving and enhanced treat-to-target goals.

Machine Learning Prediction of the Corrosion Rate of Zinc-Based Alloys Containing Copper, Lithium, Magnesium, and Silver.

Implementation of machine learning (ML) techniques in materials science often requires large data sets. However, a proper choice of features and regression methods allows the construction of accurate ML models able to work with a relatively small data set. In this work, an extensive, although still limited, experimental data set of corrosion-related properties of Zn-based alloys used in biomedicine was created.

Clinician Perspectives on Implementing HPV Vaccination Guidelines into Practice.

In the United States, HPV vaccination is available for unvaccinated 27 to 45 year olds based on a shared clinical decision with a health care provider. Since the implementation of the guideline, little has been known about provider perceptions of this recommendation. The purpose of this study was to elucidate health care provider perspectives on HPV vaccination for 27 to 45 year olds in the United States.

Papilledema in Children With Cystic Fibrosis Receiving Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor: A Multicenter Case Series.

Following the approval of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), there have been post-marketing reports and published cases of papilledema and intracranial hypertension in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) taking ETI. In those reports, the patients often presented with marked symptoms and concomitant hypervitaminosis A. In this multicenter case series, we report eight cases of papilledema in children with CF taking ETI that were diagnosed via routine eye exam, the majority of whom presented with minimal to no symptoms and all had normal serum Vitamin A levels.

Cryoablation of primary breast cancer tumors induces a systemic abscopal effect altering TIME (Tumor Immune Microenvironment) in distant tumors.

Introduction: Despite recent advances, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients remain at high risk for recurrence and metastasis, which creates the need for innovative therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes. Cryoablation is a promising, less invasive alternative to surgical resection, capable of inducing tumor necrosis via freeze/thaw cycles. Necrotic cell death results in increased inflammatory signals and release of preserved tumor antigens, which have the potential to boost the local and systemic anti-tumor immune response.

Scoping review of drug dosing recommendations in sustained low-efficiency dialysis.

The objective of this scoping review was to answer the question, "What has been published describing drug dosing in sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED)?" PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched on November 18, 2022. Methodology followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework for scoping reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Two investigators independently screened abstracts and full-texts of citations identified related to drug dosing and SLED.

Ataxia With Vitamin E Deficiency: Case Series, Vitamin E Therapy Response, Founder Effect, and In Silico Analysis.

Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency (AVED) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, that caused by pathogenic variants in the TTPA gene, which encodes the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein. This study investigates eight patients from three consanguineous Iranian families, using exome sequencing (ES) and Sanger sequencing to identify novel pathogenic variants in the TTPA gene. Two variants were identified: c.

Impact of diversity representation in art on pre-health professions students' sense of belonging: A randomized experimental study.

Background: For learners underrepresented in medicine (UIM), a heightened sense of belonging may be critical to creating shared awareness of diversity and fostering an inclusive educational environment. Despite ongoing efforts from academic medical institutions to promote and retain diverse individuals, few studies have investigated the foundational role of pre-health professions education in shaping students' sense of belonging, and fewer still have leveraged the potential of arts- and humanities-based approaches in doing so. This study aimed to evaluate the perceived impact of race- and gender-diverse visual representations of health professionals on pre-health students' sense of belonging.

Geriatric justice: Advocating for Equity in healthcare for elderly populations in correctional facilities.

The older incarcerated adult is a vulnerable and overlooked demographic within the U.S. healthcare system, facing high mortality rates due to chronic conditions and age-related issues such as cognitive decline, mobility impairments, and sensory deficits.

Comparative Evaluation of the Corneal Sensitivity Thresholds between the Novel Non-Contact and Cochet-Bonnet Esthesiometers.

Purpose: Primarily, to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the new non-contact esthesiometer (NCE) in healthy subjects. Secondarily, the corneal sensitivity threshold measurements of the NCE were compared with those of the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer (CBE).

Design: Assessment reliability study.