3,880 results match your criteria: "University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Science[Affiliation]"

Current Immunotherapy Treatments of Primary Breast Cancer Subtypes.

Biomedicines

April 2024

Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.

Breast cancer receives the most funding when compared to any other cancer type, according to a global study conducted by . Nevertheless, this malignancy remains the most diagnosed cancer among women and relies heavily on a neoadjuvant treatment regimen of chemotherapy and targeted therapy. After standard treatment, 25-30% of breast cancer patients still develop disease recurrence and must undergo cytoreductive debulking surgery followed by intensive chemotherapy.

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Trends in Orthopaedic Surgery Workforce Diversity: Analyzing Changes Over Time.

J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev

April 2024

From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA (Dr. Lum, Dr. Le, Dr. Bayne, and Dr. Lee); the Nova Southeastern University, the Kiran C Patel School of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL (Dr. Lum, and Mr. Dennison).

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the reasons behind career changes among orthopaedic surgeons, focusing on demographics like age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
  • Data was collected from over 30,000 members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, revealing trends in geographic distribution and changes over time.
  • Findings indicate an overall increase in surgeon density, with slight demographic shifts, including a rising number of female surgeons and minor increases among some minority groups, while no significant change was observed in Native American representation.
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Article Synopsis
  • - This study evaluates how effective intravenous diltiazem and metoprolol are for controlling heart rates in atrial fibrillation patients with fast ventricular rates, while also examining potential side effects like low blood pressure and slow heart rate.
  • - Following a thorough review of 19 relevant studies, the analysis found that diltiazem was 39% more effective than metoprolol at achieving a heart rate of less than 110 beats per minute.
  • - Despite the differences in rate control effectiveness, both medications showed no significant variations in the incidence of bradycardia (slow heart rate) or hypotension (low blood pressure), suggesting similar safety profiles.
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Chokeberry reduces inflammation in human preadipocytes.

J Funct Foods

January 2024

Department of Indigenous Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, United States.

Chokeberry, , is an indigenous fruit from North America used as food and to prevent chronic disease by Indigenous Peoples. The objective of this study was to test anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanin on palmitic acid (PA)-induced IL-6 gene expression, IL-6 DNA methylation, and histone (H3) acetylation. Additionally, we examined effects of anthocyanins Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (C3Gal) and Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) on IL-6 gene expression.

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Aim: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties, cytotoxic activity, and apoptotic effects of astaxanthin (ASX) on genes and pathways involved in breast cancer in Balb/c mice models injected with the 4T1 cell line.

Background: ASX could inhibit some tumor progression by using in vivo and in vitro models.

Objective: The effect of ASX on breast cancer was not fully understood till now.

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Gestational Diabetes and Subsequent Metabolic Dysfunction: An National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis (2011-2018).

Metab Syndr Relat Disord

August 2024

Public Health Program, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates ∼10% of pregnancies, with the highest rates among Asian women. Evidence suggests that GDM is associated with an increased risk for future chronic health conditions, yet data for Asian women are sparse. We explored the association between prior GDM and metabolic dysfunction with nationally representative data to obtain Asian-specific estimates.

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Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) affects one in six adults in Europe and the United States and impairs the quality of life of millions of individuals worldwide. When conservative management fails, third-line treatments including tibial neuromodulation (TNM) is often pursued. TNM has traditionally been accomplished percutaneously in clinic.

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Background: Digital neuropsychological tests reliably capture real-time, process-based behavior that traditional paper/pencil tests cannot detect, enabling earlier detection of neurodegenerative illness. We assessed relations between informant-based subtle and mild functional decline and process-based features extracted from the digital Trail Making Test-Part B (dTMT-B).

Methods: A total of 321 community-dwelling participants (56.

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Objective: Research on psychiatric comorbidities associated with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) primarily compares ARFID versus anorexia nervosa (AN). Little is known about comorbidities associated with mixed ARFID/other eating disorder (ED) history or ARFID comorbidities relative to EDs beyond AN. This study assessed lifetime and current psychiatric factors in a large college sample with varying ED histories.

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Background: There is increasing awareness of the necessity and importance for physician leadership in health care. Despite this, formal leadership training is not widespread in medical education.

Approach: We describe the structure, curriculum and development of a robust two-tiered leadership development programme within a community-based family medicine residency programme.

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Importance: The function-based eat, sleep, console (ESC) care approach substantially reduces the proportion of infants who receive pharmacologic treatment for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). This reduction has led to concerns for increased postnatal opioid exposure in infants who receive pharmacologic treatment. However, the effect of the ESC care approach on hospital outcomes for infants pharmacologically treated for NOWS is currently unknown.

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Vaccination Motivators and Deterrents Among Undervaccinated Older Adults in North Dakota.

J Community Health

October 2024

Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Dept. 2662, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.

Despite increased risk of morbidity and mortality among older adults due to preventable infectious diseases such as influenza, shingles, pneumonia, and COVID-19, many forego receiving some, if not all, of these vaccinations. This study examines vaccination motivators and deterrents for undervaccinated older adults in North Dakota (ND). Adults aged 65+ in ND were mailed a survey (n = 901) with questions gauging vaccination behaviors and perceptions, with 132 of these indicating not receiving certain vaccinations.

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Objective: Negative urgency (i.e., acting rashly when experiencing negative affect; NU), is a theorised maintenance factor in binge-eating type eating disorders.

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This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of high statin monotherapy and a combination of statin and ezetimibe to prevent cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We conducted comprehensive searches across online databases, including MEDLINE/ PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science, to find the relevant articles from the databases' inception to 10 Feb 2024.

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Technical and clinical developments have raised challenging questions about the concept and practice of brain death, culminating in recent calls for revision of the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA), which established a whole brain standard for neurologic death. Proposed changes range from abandoning the concept of brain death altogether to suggesting that current clinical practice simply should be codified as the legal standard for determining death by neurologic criteria (even while acknowledging that significant functions of the whole brain might persist). We propose a middle ground, clarifying why whole brain death is a conceptually sound standard for declaring death, and offering procedural suggestions for increasing certainty that this standard has been met.

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Evaluating colonoscopy quality by performing provider type.

J Natl Cancer Inst

August 2024

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Moncrief Cancer Institute, Fort Worth, TX, USA.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Colonoscopy is an essential tool for screening, used as a primary approach and follow-up to an abnormal stool-based colorectal cancer screening result. Colonoscopy quality is often measured with 4 key indicators: bowel preparation, cecal intubation, mean withdrawal time, and adenoma detection.

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This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. The present meta-analysis was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant studies were identified through searches of databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, as well as prominent oncology conferences.

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnostic clinic capacity in Canadian Provinces and territories.

PLoS One

April 2024

Department of Pediatrics, North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Center, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pediatric Therapy Services, Altru Health System, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America.

This study investigated the diagnostic capacity for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in multidisciplinary clinics across several provincial and one territorial jurisdictions of Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Northwest Territories. The data were collected directly from clinics capable of providing diagnoses of FASD and examined annual capacity for the assessment and diagnosis of FASD per year from 2015 to 2019. In total, 58 FASD diagnostic clinics were identified and 33 clinics participated in this survey.

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Transcriptomic profiling of sciatic nerves and dorsal root ganglia reveals site-specific effects of prediabetic neuropathy.

Transl Res

August 2024

Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place 5017 AAT-BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address:

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a severe and frequent complication of obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes characterized by progressive distal-to-proximal peripheral nerve degeneration. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying PN, and whether these mechanisms change during PN progression, is currently lacking. Here, gene expression data were obtained from distal (sciatic nerve; SCN) and proximal (dorsal root ganglia; DRG) injury sites of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of obesity/prediabetes at early and late disease stages.

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The corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted daily life worldwide, and its impact on child well-being remains a major concern. Neighborhood characteristics affect child well-being, but how these associations were affected by the pandemic is not well understood. We analyzed data from 1039 children enrolled in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program whose well-being was assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health questionnaire and linked these data to American Community Survey (ACS) data to evaluate the impacts of neighborhood characteristics on child well-being before and during the pandemic.

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Implementation of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotyping to guide antidepressant use in a large rural health system.

Am J Health Syst Pharm

August 2024

Sanford Imagenetics, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA.

Purpose: We describe the implementation and ongoing maintenance of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 focused pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing to guide antidepressant and antianxiety medication prescriptions in a large rural, nonprofit health system.

Summary: Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric conditions. Sanford Health implemented PGx testing for metabolism of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes 2C19 and 2D6 in 2014 to inform prescribing for multiple medications, including antidepressant and antianxiety therapies.

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Radon Exposure and Incident Stroke Risk in the Women's Health Initiative.

Neurology

February 2024

From the Brown University (S.F.B.), Providence, RI; Family Medicine (S.F.B.), Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC; Department of Epidemiology (J.M.C., K.M.A., S.-A.M.L., J.D.S., R.G., E.A.W.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Neurology (D.Y.H.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Public Health Sciences (A.P.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Population Health (G.G.S.), School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (M.Z.V.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center (R.R.S.), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, CO; Department of Statistics & Operations Research and Department of Biostatistics (R.L.S.), Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Medicine (E.A.W.), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the relationship between home radon exposure and stroke risk in middle-aged and older women in the U.S., using data from the Women's Health Initiative cohort of postmenopausal women.
  • - Results show that women exposed to radon levels of 2-4 pCi/L and over 4 pCi/L had increased risks of stroke compared to those with lower exposures, with specific risks associated with different types of strokes.
  • - The findings suggest that even radon levels below the EPA's mitigation threshold can pose a health risk, highlighting the need for further evaluation of radon exposure and its potential effects on stroke.
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Vaccination is considered the most promising approach for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, even vaccinated people remain at risk. In this study, we examined the association between levels of vaccination and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients.

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Thyroid gland dysfunction (TGD) has been increasingly recognized as a potential comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study was designed to determine the prevalence of TGD in COPD patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

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