Architectural Editing of Polyesters and Polyurethanes via Palladium(II)-Catalyzed [3,3]-Sigmatropic Oxo-Rearrangements.

Architecture underlies the thermomechanical properties of polymers. Yet, few strategies are available to tune a polymer's architecture after it is prepared without altering its chemical composition. The ability to edit the architecture of a polymer would dramatically expand the accessible architecture-property space of polymeric materials.

SHEA/IDSA/APIC Practice Recommendation: Strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene: 2022 Update.

The purpose of this document is to highlight practical recommendations to assist acute-care hospitals in prioritization and implementation of strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections through hand hygiene. This document updates the , published in 2014. This expert guidance document is sponsored by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology (SHEA).

Atorvastatin exhibits anti-tumorigenic and anti-metastatic effects in ovarian cancer .

Ovarian cancer is the 8th most common cancer in women, and the 5th leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States. Statins have been shown to have promising anti-tumorigenic activity in many types of cancers. We sought to determine the effects of atorvastatin (ATO) on cell proliferation in ovarian cancer and identify the mechanisms by which ATO inhibits cell growth in this disease.

Post-translationally modified muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases as circulating biomarkers in experimental cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is a severe wasting syndrome characterized by the progressive loss of lean body mass and systemic inflammation. Up to 80% of cancer patients experience cachexia, with 20-30% of cancer-related deaths directly linked to cachexia. Despite efforts to identify early cachexia and cancer relapse, clinically useful markers are lacking.

Analysis of bladder cancer tumor CpG methylation and gene expression within The Cancer Genome Atlas identifies as a prognostic biomarker for basal-like bladder cancer.

Increased methylation levels at cytosines proximal to guanines (CpG) in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes have been reported to play an important role in the development and progression of bladder cancer. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to better characterize CpG methylation and mRNA expression patterns in urothelial carcinomas and to identify new epigenetic biomarkers of survival. Across 408 tumors, we identified 223 genes that displayed significant relationships between CpG methylation and mRNA expression levels.

Nucleus Accumbens MC4-R Stimulation Reduces Food and Ethanol Intake in Adult Rats Regardless of Binge-Like Ethanol Exposure during Adolescence.

The melanocortin (MC) system regulates feeding and ethanol consumption. Recent evidence shows that melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R) stimulation within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) elicits anorectic responses and reduces ethanol consumption and ethanol palatability in adult rats. Ethanol exposure during adolescence causes long-lasting changes in neural pathways critically involved in neurobehavioral responses to ethanol.

Chronic Nicotine Exposure Initiated in Adolescence and Unpaired to Behavioral Context Fails to Enhance Sweetened Ethanol Seeking.

Nicotine use in adolescence is pervasive in the United States and, according to the Gateway Hypothesis, may lead to progression towards other addictive substances. Given the prevalence of nicotine and ethanol comorbidity, it is difficult to ascertain if nicotine is a gateway drug for ethanol. Our study investigated the relationship between adolescent exposure to nicotine and whether this exposure alters subsequent alcohol seeking behavior.

Gateway-Compatible CRISPR-Cas9 Vectors and a Rapid Detection by High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis.

CRISPR-Cas9 system rapidly became an indispensable tool in plant biology to perform targeted mutagenesis. A CRISPR-Cas9-mediated double strand break followed by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair most frequently results in a single base pair deletion or insertions (indels), which is hard to detect using methods based on enzymes that detect heteroduplex DNA. In addition, somatic tissues of the T1 generation inevitably contain a mosaic population, in which the portion of cells carrying the mutation can be too small to be detected by the enzyme-based methods.

Factor VII activating protease (FSAP) influences vascular remodeling in the mouse hind limb ischemia model.

Background: Investigations in factor VII activating protease (FSAP) mice suggest a role for FSAP in stroke, thrombosis and neointima formation. Here, we analyzed the role of FSAP in vascular remodeling processes related to arteriogenesis and angiogenesis in the mouse hind limb ischemia model.

Methods And Results: Femoral artery ligation was performed in mice and exogenous FSAP was injected locally to examine its effect on arteriogenesis in the adductor and angiogenesis in the gastrocnemius muscle over 21 days.

4-phenylbutyrate Mitigates Fluoride-Induced Cytotoxicity in ALC Cells.

Chronic fluoride over-exposure during pre-eruptive enamel development can cause dental fluorosis. Severe dental fluorosis is characterized by porous, soft enamel that is vulnerable to erosion and decay. The prevalence of dental fluorosis among the population in the USA, India and China is increasing.

Sparse and Specific Coding during Information Transmission between Co-cultured Dentate Gyrus and CA3 Hippocampal Networks.

To better understand encoding and decoding of stimulus information in two specific hippocampal sub-regions, we isolated and co-cultured rat primary dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 neurons within a two-chamber device with axonal connectivity via micro-tunnels. We tested the hypothesis that, in these engineered networks, decoding performance of stimulus site information would be more accurate when stimuli and information flow occur in anatomically correct feed-forward DG to CA3 vs. CA3 back to DG.

UNC-Emory Infant Atlases for Macaque Brain Image Analysis: Postnatal Brain Development through 12 Months.

Computational anatomical atlases have shown to be of immense value in neuroimaging as they provide age appropriate reference spaces alongside ancillary anatomical information for automated analysis such as subcortical structural definitions, cortical parcellations or white fiber tract regions. Standard workflows in neuroimaging necessitate such atlases to be appropriately selected for the subject population of interest. This is especially of importance in early postnatal brain development, where rapid changes in brain shape and appearance render neuroimaging workflows sensitive to the appropriate atlas choice.

Glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 inhibits cell proliferation and sensitizes paclitaxel in ovarian cancer.

Our overall goal was to investigate the anti-tumor activity of the glutaminase 1 (GLS1) Inhibitor compound 968 in ovarian cancer cells. The human ovarian cancer cell lines, HEY, SKOV3 and IGROV-1 were used. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay after treatment with compound 968.

Emerging Executive Functioning and Motor Development in Infants at High and Low Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Existing evidence suggests executive functioning (EF) deficits may be present in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by 3 years of age. It is less clear when, prior to 3 years, EF deficits may emerge and how EF unfold over time. The contribution of motor skill difficulties to poorer EF in children with ASD has not been systematically studied.

Liver transplantation in 2013: challenges and controversies.

Liver transplantation has changed over the past 50 years from an experimental surgery to a life saving intervention that is the treatment of choice for selected patients with end stage liver disease. Since Starzl attempted the first liver transplant in 1963, the procedure has evolved into one that occurs over 12000 times a year worldwide and has one year survival rates approaching 90% and five year survival rates above 70%. With the success of liver transplantation, challenges and controversies have arisen as well.

Scan? Cure? Sure!

A 61-year-old man undergoes a sigmoid colectomy for a T3N1 (two of 18 nodes) adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. He recovers well and receives 6 months of adjuvant FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) uneventfully. At his first follow-up visit, the oncologist recommended every 3 month visits for a physical, liver function tests, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurement; every 6 month chest, abdomen, and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans for 3 years; and aspirin, vitamin D supplementation, and exercise.