The frequency of Treg subsets distinguishes disease activity in ANCA vasculitis.

Objectives: T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a heterogeneous group of immunoregulatory cells that dampen self-harming immune responses and prevent the development of autoimmune diseases. In anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis, Tregs possess diminished suppressive capacity, which has been attributed to the expression of a FOXP3 splice-variant lacking exon 2 in T cells (FOXP3Δ2 CD4 T cells). However, the suppressive capacity of Tregs varies between subsets.

Effects of low work-function lanthanum oxides on stable electron field emissions from nanoscale emitters.

Nanoscale electron field emitters are known to produce more stable electron emissions than conventional emitters. This has been attributed to size effects; nanoscale emitters can operate with a small emission current and a low extraction voltage, which reduces the bombardment of residual gas ions on the emitter tip. However, our experiments discovered that nanoscale LaB emitters had extremely stable emissions, suggesting that chemical effects are present in addition to size effects.

Heteroarylation of unactivated C-H bonds suitable for late-stage functionalization.

The late-stage introduction of diverse heterocycles onto complex small molecules enables efficient access to new medicinally relevant compounds. An attractive approach to such a transformation would utilize the ubiquitous aliphatic C-H bonds of a complex substrate. Herein, we report a system that enables direct C-H heteroarylation using a stable, commercially available -alkenylhydroxamate with heterocyclic sulfone partners.

Robotic applications for intracardiac and endovascular procedures.

The large incisions and long recovery periods that accompany traditional cardiac surgery procedures along with the constant patient demand for minimally invasive procedures have motivated cardiac surgeons to implement the robotic technologies in their armamentarium. The robotic systems have been utilized successfully in various cardiac procedures including atrial septal defect repair, left atrial myxoma resection, MAZE procedure and left ventricular lead placement, yet coronary artery bypass and mitral valve repair still comprise the vast majority of them. This review analyzes the development of the robot-assisted cardiac surgery in recent years, its outcomes, advantages, disadvantages, its patient selection criteria as well as its economic feasibility.

How Have Global River Widths Changed Over Time?

Changes in a river's width reflect natural and anthropogenic impacts on local and upstream/downstream hydraulic and hydrologic processes. Temporal variation of river width also impacts biogeochemical exchange and reflects geomorphologic evolution. However, while global maps of mean river width and dynamic water surface extent exist, there is currently no standardized global assessment of river widths that documents changes over time.

Stable nebulization and muco-trapping properties of regdanvimab/IN-006 support its development as a potent, dose-saving inhaled therapy for COVID-19.

The respiratory tract represents the key target for antiviral delivery in early interventions to prevent severe COVID-19. While neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) possess considerable efficacy, their current reliance on parenteral dosing necessitates very large doses and places a substantial burden on the healthcare system. In contrast, direct inhaled delivery of mAb therapeutics offers the convenience of self-dosing at home, as well as much more efficient mAb delivery to the respiratory tract.

Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The ARIC Study.

Background Whether coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant risk factor for heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unclear. Methods and Results Among 9902 participants in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study, we assessed the association of incident CAD with subsequent incident HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction [≥50%]) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) using survival models with time-updated variables. We also assessed the extent to which echocardiographic correlates of prevalent CAD account for the relationship between CAD and incident HFpEF.

Developing capacity for learning community systems: Experiences from the 100 Million Healthier Lives SCALE Initiative.

Introduction: This paper explores the capabilities that contribute to community transformation and the common pathways followed by communities in the 100 Million Healthier Lives SCALE (Spreading Community Accelerators through Learning and Evaluation) initiative in their transformation journeys towards a "Culture of Health".

Methods: Funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), from 2016 to 2020, between 18 to 24 community coalitions nationwide participated in SCALE, the goal of which was to co-design, implement, test, and scale up a model called the Community of Solutions (COS) Framework, that built community capacity around a set of skills and behaviors to advance culture change and create sustainable improvement in health, well-being, and equity. We adapted and applied two qualitative research techniques, meta-ethnography and participatory action synthesis, to evaluate SCALE initiative data.

A Four Carbon Organonitrate as a Significant Product of Secondary Isoprene Chemistry.

Oxidation of isoprene by nitrate radicals (NO) or by hydroxyl radicals (OH) under high NO conditions forms a substantial amount of organonitrates (ONs). ONs impact NO concentrations and consequently ozone formation while also contributing to secondary organic aerosol. Here we show that the ONs with the chemical formula CHNO are a significant fraction of isoprene-derived ONs, based on chamber experiments and ambient measurements from different sites around the globe.

Illustrated State-of-the-Art Capsules of the ISTH 2022 Congress.

The ISTH London 2022 Congress is the first held (mostly) face-to-face again since the COVID-19 pandemic took the world by surprise in 2020. For 2 years we met virtually, but this year's in-person format will allow the ever-so-important and quintessential creativity and networking to flow again. What a pleasure and joy to be able to see everyone! Importantly, all conference proceedings are also streamed (and available recorded) online for those unable to travel on this occasion.

ToxCast chemical library Wnt screen identifies diethanolamine as an activator of neural progenitor proliferation.

Numerous autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk genes are associated with Wnt signaling, suggesting that brain development may be especially sensitive to genetic perturbation of this pathway. Additionally, valproic acid, which modulates Wnt signaling, increases risk for ASD when taken during pregnancy. We previously found that an autism-linked gain-of-function mutant construct hyperactivated canonical Wnt signaling, providing a genetic means to elevate Wnt signaling above baseline levels.

Ipatasertib, an oral AKT inhibitor, inhibits cell proliferation and migration, and induces apoptosis in serous endometrial cancer.

Ipatasertib (IPAT) is an orally administered, selective protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor with promising data in solid tumors in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Given that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently dysregulated in uterine serous carcinoma (USC), we aimed to explore the functional impact of IPAT on anti-tumorigenic activity in USC cell lines and primary cultures of USC. We found that IPAT significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner in USC cells.

Differences in strength, leg lean mass, and lifestyle factors between premenopausal and perimenopausal women.

Background: Menopausal changes coupled with age-related reductions in muscle strength can impact functionality.

Aim: To evaluate the differences in muscle strength, dominant leg lean mass (DLM ), relative protein intake (r_PRO) and physical activity (PA) between premenopausal (PRE) and perimenopausal (PERI) women.

Methods: Twenty-four PRE- (age = 39.

Family-based interventions for preventing overweight or obesity among preschoolers from racial/ethnic minority groups: A scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to synthesize the published literature on family-based childhood obesity prevention interventions from 2015 to 2021 that focused on children 2-5 years of age from racial and/or ethnic minority households.

Methods: A PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and setting) framework was used to guide the development of the research question, search strategy, and inclusion/exclusion criteria. To be included, the study must have been a randomized controlled trial or quasi-experimental trial that enrolled participants 2-5 years of age and their caregivers who identified as being from a racial and/or ethnic minority group in the United States.

Use of FLOSEAL® as a scaffold and its impact on induced neural stem cell phenotype, persistence, and efficacy.

Induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic platform for glioblastoma (GBM). iNSCs have the innate ability to home to tumor foci, making them ideal carriers for antitumor payloads. However, the in vivo persistence of iNSCs limits their therapeutic potential.

The Journey to a Successful Illustrated Review.

Illustrated review articles, rooted in scientific rigor, are made up of "capsules" or panels of visuals that together provide an up-to-date overview of a topic. Illustrated reviews aim to provide a more accessible format than traditional written reviews to facilitate more effective knowledge translation and dissemination. However, the novelty of this format can dissuade prospective authors due to uncertainty and lack of comfort.

Pharmacogenomic Study of Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms in the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Trial.

Background: Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are the most frequently reported adverse events for statin therapies. Previous studies have reported an association between the p.Val174Ala missense variant in and SAMS in simvastatin-treated subjects; however, evidence for genetic predictors of SAMS in atorvastatin- or rosuvastatin-treated subjects is currently lacking.

Effect of porous structural properties on lithium-ion and sodium-ion storage: illustrated by the example of a micro-mesoporous graphene (MoS) anode.

In this work, we synthesized micro-mesoporous graphene (MoS) with different compositional ratios co-reduction of graphite oxide and exfoliated MoS platelets. We systematically studied the performance of the micro-mesoporous graphene (MoS) as anodes in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries. The results show that the specific surface areas of the composites decrease with introducing MoS.