Oral Healthcare for Persons With Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: Why Is There a Disparity?

Despite some progress, a significant disparity still exists in oral healthcare between individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities and the general population. Barriers generated by finances, a lack of appropriately trained dental providers, and the patients themselves combine to create significant challenges to providing dental care. However, strategies exist that can help to decrease the magnitude of these hurdles so this disparity can be minimized.

Intracanal Cryotherapy Reduces Postoperative Pain in Teeth with Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial.

Introduction: A prospective, multicentered, randomized clinical trial was designed to assess if controlled irrigation with cold saline could result in less incidence and intensity of postoperative pain in patients presenting with pulp necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis.

Methods: A total of 210 patients (presenting with necrotic uniradicular teeth with a diagnosis of symptomatic apical periodontitis and a preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score higher than 7) were randomly allocated in the control or experimental group after the completion of shaping and cleaning procedures. The experimental group received a final irrigation with 20 mL sterile cold (2.

Mechanical properties of resin-based cements with different dispensing and mixing methods.

Statement Of Problem: Resin-based cements are frequently used in clinical practice. To reduce time and technique sensitivity, manufacturers have introduced the same brand of cement with different dispensing methods. The effect of this change on properties of the cement is unknown.

Non-Surgical Therapy Reduces Presence of JP2 Clone in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis.

Background: Previous studies have provided substantial evidence of the association of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and its highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype, with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP). The present study aims to evaluate presence of JP2 in individuals with LAgP after periodontal treatment.

Methods: Sixty African-American patients with LAgP, aged 5 to 25 years, were examined.

Light-emitting diode assessment of dentinal defects: the role of presumed extraction forces.

Objectives: The evaluation of iatrogenic dentinal defects in extracted teeth may be influenced by extraction forces and prolonged dry times. The purpose of this study was to compare the presence of dentinal defects in freshly extracted, periodontally compromised teeth with those in a group of teeth with uncontrolled extraction forces and storage time.

Materials And Methods: The experimental group consisted of eighteen roots obtained from teeth extracted due to periodontal reasons with class II or III mobility.

Annual review of selected scientific literature: Report of the committee on scientific investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry.

This review was conducted to assist the busy dentist in keeping abreast of the latest scientific information regarding the clinical practice of dentistry. Each of the authors, who are considered experts in their disciplines, was asked to peruse the scientific literature in their discipline published in 2016 and review the articles for important information that may affect treatment decisions. Comments on experimental methodology, statistical evaluation, and the overall validity of conclusions are included with many of the reviews.

The Direct-Indirect Technique for Composite Restorations Revisited.

In the direct-indirect composite technique, composite is applied to a nonretentive tooth preparation (eg, a noncarious cervical lesion or a veneer/inlay/onlay preparation) without any bonding agent, sculpted to a primary anatomic form, and light-cured. The partially polymerized restoration is then removed from the preparation and finished and tempered extraorally chairside. The finished inlay is bonded to the preparation using a resin-based luting agent.

Dental caries.

Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Caries can occur throughout life, both in primary and permanent dentitions, and can damage the tooth crown and, in later life, exposed root surfaces. The balance between pathological and protective factors influences the initiation and progression of caries.

The basic research factors questionnaire for studying early childhood caries.

Background: We describe development of the Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Basic Research Factors Questionnaire (BRFQ), a battery of measures assessing common potential predictors, mediators, and moderators of ECC. Individual-, family-, and community-level factors that are linked to oral health outcomes across at-risk populations are included. Developing standard measures of factors implicated in ECC has the potential to enhance our ability to understand mechanisms underlying successful prevention and to develop more effective interventions.

Is Oral Biopsy Associated With Change in Tobacco or Alcohol Use?

Purpose: Tobacco and alcohol remain the predominant risk factors for oral cancer, but the relation between having an oral biopsy and cessation of these risk factors is unknown. Therefore, this investigation examined whether there might be an association between oral biopsy and change in risk factor use.

Materials And Methods: A survey was sent to a cohort consisting of a consecutive sample of subjects identified in the University of North Carolina Oral Pathology database.

Annual review of selected scientific literature: Report of the committee on scientific investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry.

Statement Of Problem: It is clear the contemporary dentist is confronted with a blizzard of information regarding materials and techniques from journal articles, advertisements, newsletters, the internet, and continuing education events. While some of that information is sound and helpful, much of it is misleading at best.

Purpose: This review identifies and discusses the most important scientific findings regarding outcomes of dental treatment to assist the practitioner in making evidence-based choices.

Fracture of layered zirconia restorations at 5 years: A dental laboratory survey.

Statement Of Problem: The use of ceramic restorations has significantly increased in recent years because of their esthetic properties and the high cost of noble metals. However, given the lack of long-term clinical trials and the limitations of in vitro studies, the durability of ceramic restorations is still questionable.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the fracture rate of layered zirconia restorations at up to 5 years of clinical performance by using a dental laboratory survey model.

Accuracy evaluation of intraoral optical impressions: A clinical study using a reference appliance.

Statement Of Problem: Trueness and precision are used to evaluate the accuracy of intraoral optical impressions. Although the in vivo precision of intraoral optical impressions has been reported, in vivo trueness has not been evaluated because of limitations in the available protocols.

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) of optical and conventional impressions by using a novel study design.

The Use of Functional Data Analysis to Evaluate Activity in a Spontaneous Model of Degenerative Joint Disease Associated Pain in Cats.

Introduction And Objectives: Accelerometry is used as an objective measure of physical activity in humans and veterinary species. In cats, one important use of accelerometry is in the study of therapeutics designed to treat degenerative joint disease (DJD) associated pain, where it serves as the most widely applied objective outcome measure. These analyses have commonly used summary measures, calculating the mean activity per-minute over days and comparing between treatment periods.

Evaluation of serum cytokines in cats with and without degenerative joint disease and associated pain.

Degenerative joint disease is common in cats, with signs of pain frequently found on orthopedic examination and radiographs often showing evidence of disease. However, understanding of the pathophysiology of degenerative joint disease and associated pain remains limited. Several cytokines have been identified as having a role in pain in humans, but this has not been investigated in cats.

A comparison of serum and plasma cytokine values using a multiplexed assay in cats.

Background: Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is highly prevalent in cats, and pain contributes to morbidity. In humans, alterations of cytokine concentrations have been associated with joint deterioration and pain. Similar changes have not been investigated in cats.

Periapical Microsurgery: The Effects of Locally Injected Dexamethasone on Pain, Swelling, Bruising, and Wound Healing.

Introduction: The purpose of this prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the postoperative healing of endodontic periapical microsurgery after local administration of dexamethasone.

Methods: Sixty patients were divided into 2 groups. The dexamethasone group received a single local submucosal injection of 4 mg dexamethasone, and the placebo group received a submucosal injection of saline solution at the conclusion of standardized periapical microsurgery.

Six-year clinical performance of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives.

Objective: To evaluate the 6-year clinical performance of Xeno IV, Xeno III, and XP Bond adhesives in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs).

Methods: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial where 39 participants met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were enrolled. Lesions restored were notch-shaped NCCLs.

Association of Canine Osteosarcoma and Monocyte Phenotype and Chemotactic Function.

Background: Monocytes/macrophages are likely key cells in immune modulation in dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA). Increased peripheral monocyte counts are negatively correlated with shorter disease-free intervals in dogs with OSA. Understanding the monocyte/macrophage's modulatory role in dogs with OSA can direct further studies in immunotherapy development for OSA.

Fracture rate of monolithic zirconia restorations up to 5 years: A dental laboratory survey.

Statement Of Problem: The demand for ceramic restorations has increased over the past years because of their esthetic properties and the high cost of noble metals. However, the lack of long-term clinical studies and the difficulty of interpreting in vitro studies have placed the durability of ceramic restorations in doubt.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the failure rate of monolithic zirconia restorations due to fracture up to 5 years of clinical performance.

Gene expression profile of pulpitis.

The cost, prevalence and pain associated with endodontic disease necessitate an understanding of the fundamental molecular aspects of its pathogenesis. This study was aimed to identify the genetic contributors to pulpal pain and inflammation. Inflamed pulps were collected from patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis (n=20).

Dosimetric distribution to tooth-bearing areas in intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: a pilot study.

Objectives: Dosimetric distribution of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to tooth-bearing areas for common head and neck (H&N) cancer sites were analyzed to facilitate minimization of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) risk through preradiation dental treatment planning.

Study Design: Fifty-four patients received IMRT with prescribed doses ranging from 6000 centigrays (cGy) (adjuvant) to 6930 cGy (primary) to treat base of tongue (BOT), tonsil, larynx, nasopharynx, and hypopharynx cancers. The average maximal radiation dose delivered was recorded in tooth-bearing areas (anteriors, premolars, and first, second, and third molars) of the maxilla and mandible.