4,108 results match your criteria: "University of North Carolina Chapel Hill[Affiliation]"
Clin Teach
February 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Background: Balancing autonomy and supervision during medical residency is important for trainee development while ensuring patient safety. In the increasingly complex inpatient clinical learning environment, tension exists when this balance is skewed. In this study, we aimed to understand current and ideal states of autonomy and supervision and then describe factors that contribute to imbalance from both trainee and attending perspectives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
The objective of this study was to identify utilization of housing support provided by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) among autistic people in the U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina -Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina United States of America.
Fertil Steril
December 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch., Galveston, TX, ; Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Electronic address:
Objective: To study the impact of preconception Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity on fecundability, live birth, and pregnancy loss and to assess the effect of low-dose aspirin therapy (81 mg/day) on live birth and pregnancy loss.
Design: Preconception cohort study conducted using data and specimens from the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) study - a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Subjects: 1228 individuals with proven fecundity and a history of 1-2 pregnancy losses.
Psychooncology
December 2024
Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Background: The LGBTQI+ population makes up at least 7.6% of the US population. LGBTQI+ populations are at increased risk of experiencing LGBTQI+-related discrimination and cis-heteronormativity in healthcare leading to poorer health outcomes throughout the cancer care continuum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Clin Nutr
December 2024
Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Scientists from diverse backgrounds are underrepresented in academia. This lack of diversity impedes scientific discovery and innovation. Underrepresented (UR) scientists tend to conduct research on issues relevant to underrepresented populations, including chronic disease prevention and management, and health disparities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychopharmacology (Berl)
December 2024
Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Rationale: Several studies have reported associations between substance use and effort-related decision making, or the degree to which effort expenditure impacts the choice between lower and higher value rewards. However, previous research has not explored effort-related decision making in populations with severe substance use disorder.
Objectives: Investigate the association between effort-related decision-making and substance use disorder severity.
Neurogastroenterol Motil
December 2024
Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastro-intestinal disorder characterized by discomfort with constipation and/or diarrhea with unclear pathophysiology. We aimed to determine the activities of colorectal eosinophils, neutrophils and epithelial cells by biomarkers in feces reflecting these activities.
Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 185 patients with IBS before and after 8 weeks of placebo or mesalazine treatment and from 40 healthy subjects.
BMC Glob Public Health
December 2024
Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg. 1, Boston, MA, 02115-6021, USA.
Background: Scholarly critiques have demonstrated that the World Health Organization (WHO) approaches the concept of health equity inconsistently. For example, inconsistencies center around measuring health inequity across individuals versus groups; in approaches and goals sought in striving for health equity; and whether considerations around health equity prioritize socioeconomic status or also consider other social determinants of health. However, the significance of these contrasting approaches has yet to be assessed empirically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Glob Public Health
December 2023
Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg. 1, Boston, MA, 02115-6021, USA.
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has focused on health equity as part of its mandate and broader agenda-consider for example, the "health for all" slogan. However, a recent scoping review determined that there are no studies that investigate the WHO's approach to health equity. Therefore, this study is the first such empirical analysis examining discourses of health equity in WHO texts concerning health promotion, the social determinants of health, and urban health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArthritis Rheumatol
December 2024
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Public Health Ethics
November 2024
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Mathematical modelling has played an increasingly prominent role in public health responses, for example by offering estimates of how infectious disease incidence over time may be affected by the adoption of certain policies and interventions. In this paper, we call for greater research and reflection into the ethics of mathematical modeling in public health. First, we present some promising ways of framing the ethics of mathematical modeling that have been offered in the very few publications specifically devoted to this subject.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara.
The posterior parietal cortex () in mice has various functions including multisensory integration, vision-guided behaviors, working memory, and posture control. However, an integrated understanding of these functions and their cortical localizations in and around the PPC and higher visual areas (), has not been completely elucidated. Here we simultaneously imaged the activity of thousands of neurons within a 3 × 3 mm field-of-view, including eight cortical areas around the PPC, during behavior with a two-photon mesoscope.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvol Lett
December 2024
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol
December 2024
Section of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
J Gen Intern Med
December 2024
Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Institute to Advance Health Equity, Athens, OH, USA.
Background: Rural communities have been significantly affected by opioid use disorder (OUD) and related harms but have less access to evidence-based medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), such as buprenorphine. Given the shortage of specialists in these areas, rural primary care is an important setting to expand buprenorphine access, but implementation is limited.
Objective: To explore implementation climate factors that support or hinder buprenorphine implementation in rural primary care.
Health Commun
December 2024
The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College.
Guided by communication accommodation theory, we studied 27 physician reports of patient-physician advanced cancer communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. Advanced cancer communication requires recognizing patients' psychosocial states and collaboratively engaging patients empathetically to develop the shared understanding necessary to guide decision-making. However, physicians found their communication underaccommodated, stemming from personal protection equipment, social distancing, and telemedicine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructures in the 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs can physically modulate translation efficiency by impeding the scanning ribosome or by sequestering the translational start site. We assessed the impact of stable protein binding in 5'- and 3'-UTRs on translation efficiency by targeting the MS2 coat protein to a reporter RNA via its hairpin recognition site. Translation was assessed from the reporter RNA when co-expressed with MS2 coat proteins of varying affinities for the RNA, and at different expression levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
The rise in antibiotic resistance limits the availability of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. Despite this, antibiotic development pipelines remain sparse which makes using adjuvants to reverse antibiotic resistance a promising therapeutic strategy. The use of vancomycin, a frontline antibiotic used to treat hospitalized patients with methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections, is complicated by high rates of treatment failure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmedRxiv
November 2024
Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation at Durham VAHCS, HSR; Duke University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC.
Purpose: AIM-Back is an embedded pragmatic clinical trial (ePCT) with cluster randomization designed to increase access and compare the effectiveness of two different non-pharmacological care pathways for low back pain (LBP) delivered within the Veteran Administration Health Care System (VAHCS). This manuscript describes baseline characteristics of AIM-Back participants as well as the representativeness of those referred to the AIM-Back program by sex, age, race, and ethnicity, relative to Veterans with low back pain at participating clinics.
Participants: To be eligible for AIM-Back, Veterans were referred to the randomized pathway at their clinic by trained primary care providers (Referral cohort).
GeoJournal
December 2024
Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC USA.
Unlabelled: In 2021, the US Surgeon General issued a national advisory citing an epidemic of isolation and loneliness. Even before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately half of people in the US reported experiencing measurable levels of loneliness. Despite localized and select cross-sectional studies highlighting even higher increases in isolation/loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic, additional research is needed, particularly for youth and young adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
December 2024
Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
Psychooncology
December 2024
Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry
December 2024
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital - Div of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Med, 843 Walnut Street Suite 650, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA.
Purpose: Psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, is common among adults with CF, associating with poor quality of life, lung function, and healthcare utilization. This 3-year, multi-site, telehealth-delivered randomized trial sought to determine whether Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT with CF) is superior to supportive psychotherapy (SP), in improving psychological functioning for adults with CF.
Methods: One hundred twenty-four adults with CF and elevated anxiety and/or depressive symptoms were recruited coincident with the first COVID lockdown, from Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, University of Virginia, Augusta University, Duke University Medical Center, and social media.
Am J Psychiatry
December 2024
Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (Price, McElligott) and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology (McElligott), University of North Carolina Chapel Hill.