Electrostatic interactions in the force-generating region of the human cardiac myosin modulate ADP dissociation from actomyosin.

Human cardiac myosin has two isoforms, alpha and beta, sharing significant sequence similarity, but different in kinetics: ADP release from actomyosin is an order of magnitude faster in the alpha myosin isoform. Apparently, small differences in the sequence are responsible for distinct local inter-residue interactions within alpha and beta isoforms, leading to such a dramatic difference in the rate of ADP release. Our analysis of structural kinetics of alpha and beta isoforms using molecular dynamics simulations revealed distinct dynamics of SH1:SH2 helix within the force-generation region of myosin head.

Expensive Childcare and Short School Days = Lower Maternal Employment and More Time in Childcare? Evidence from the American Time Use Survey.

This study investigates the relationship between maternal employment and state-to-state differences in childcare cost and mean school day length. Pairing state-level measures with an individual-level sample of prime working-age mothers from the American Time Use Survey (2005-2014; n = 37,993), we assess the multilevel and time-varying effects of childcare costs and school day length on maternal full-time and part-time employment and childcare time. We find mothers' odds of full-time employment are lower and part-time employment higher in states with expensive childcare and shorter school days.

Si(bzimpy) - a hexacoordinate silicon pincer complex for electron transport and electroluminescence.

A neutral hexacoordinate silicon complex containing two 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine (bzimpy) ligands has been synthesized and explored as a potential electron transport layer and electroluminescent layer in organic electronic devices. The air and water stable complex is fluorescent in solution with a λmax = 510 nm and a QY = 57%. Thin films grown via thermal evaporation also fluoresce and possess an average electron mobility of 6.

Investigating behavioral drivers of seasonal Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia Coli (STEC) patterns in grazing cattle using an agent-based model.

The causes of seasonal variability in pathogen transmission are not well understood, and have not been comprehensively investigated. In an example for enteric pathogens, incidence of Escherichia coli O157 (STEC) colonization in cattle is consistently higher during warmer months compared to cooler months in various cattle production systems. However, actual mechanisms for this seasonality remain elusive.

Comorbidities and length of stay in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has a significant burden on patients and the healthcare system. There is a link between COPD and comorbidities such as congestive heart failure (CHF), fluid and electrolyte disorders, and renal failure. This adds to the complexity of healthcare in these patients.

The need for cultural adaptations to health interventions for African American women: A qualitative analysis.

Objective: Binge eating disorder (BED) is associated with obesity and psychological distress. Although rates in African American (AA) and White women are similar, AA women report more severity of symptoms and higher frequency of binge eating episodes. However, few AA women seek help due to a lack of acknowledgment of sociocultural influences that shape experiences and behaviors related to BED in currently available interventions.

Discharge to medical home: A new care delivery model to treat non-urgent cases in a rural emergency department.

Emergency department visits for non-urgent reasons contribute to overcrowding and higher healthcare costs. Routing patients to lower cost care settings may improve outcomes. The Discharge to Medical Home model is a new care delivery model that routes low-acuity, ambulatory, emergency department (ED) patients to an adjacent primary care clinic, which provides the opportunity for patients to establish a medical home.

Correction to: Biography: Abdelrahman Nimeri MD.

In the original article the photo of Dr. Nimeri was inadvertently omitted. We apologize for this oversight.

Periodic Variation of Mutation Rates in Bacterial Genomes Associated with Replication Timing.

The causes and consequences of spatiotemporal variation in mutation rates remain to be explored in nearly all organisms. Here we examine relationships between local mutation rates and replication timing in three bacterial species whose genomes have multiple chromosomes: , , and Following five mutation accumulation experiments with these bacteria conducted in the near absence of natural selection, the genomes of clones from each lineage were sequenced and analyzed to identify variation in mutation rates and spectra. In lineages lacking mismatch repair, base substitution mutation rates vary in a mirrored wave-like pattern on opposing replichores of the large chromosomes of and , where concurrently replicated regions experience similar base substitution mutation rates.

A Defective Undecaprenyl Pyrophosphate Synthase Induces Growth and Morphological Defects That Are Suppressed by Mutations in the Isoprenoid Pathway of Escherichia coli.

The peptidoglycan exoskeleton shapes bacteria and protects them against osmotic forces, making its synthesis the target of many current antibiotics. Peptidoglycan precursors are attached to a lipid carrier and flipped from the cytoplasm into the periplasm to be incorporated into the cell wall. In , this carrier is undecaprenyl phosphate (Und-P), which is synthesized as a diphosphate by the enzyme undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UppS).

Measuring the intensity of community programs and policies for preventing childhood obesity in a diverse sample of US communities: the Healthy Communities Study.

Introduction: Efforts to address the critical public health problem of childhood obesity are occurring across the USA; however, little is known about how to characterize the intensity of these efforts.

Objectives: The purposes of this study are to describe the intensity of community programs and policies (CPPs) to address childhood obesity in 130 US communities and to examine the extent to which observed CPPs targeted multiple behaviours and employed a comprehensive array of strategies.

Methods: To document CPPs occurring over a 10-year period, key informants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol.

Characterizing functional differences in sea anemone Hsp70 isoforms using budding yeast.

Marine organisms experience abiotic stressors such as fluctuations in temperature, UV radiation, salinity, and oxygen concentration. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) assist in the response of cells to these stressors by refolding and maintaining the activity of damaged proteins. The well-conserved Hsp70 chaperone family is essential for cell viability as well as the response to stress.

Dismantling the theory of planned behavior: evaluating the relative effectiveness of attempts to uniquely change attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control.

The current study compares the effectiveness of interventions that attempted to uniquely influence hypothesized determinants of behavior in the Theory of Planned Behavior versus some optimal combination of constructs (three constructs vs. four) to increase condom use among intentions and behavior college students. 317 participants (M = 19.

Development and Testing of the Church Environment Audit Tool.

Objectives: In this paper, we describe development and reliability testing of a novel tool to evaluate the physical environment of faith-based settings pertaining to opportunities for physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE).

Methods: Tool development was a multistage process including a review of similar tools, stakeholder review, expert feedback, and pilot testing. Final tool sections included indoor opportunities for PA, outdoor opportunities for PA, food preparation equipment, kitchen type, food for purchase, beverages for purchase, and media.

Direct-to-adolescent text messaging for vaccine reminders: What will parents permit?

Background: Direct-to-adolescent text messaging may be a consideration for vaccine reminders, including human papilloma virus (HPV), but no studies have explored the minimum age at which parents would allow adolescents to receive a text message.

Methods: We distributed a survey to parents of 10-17 year olds during any office visit in two practice based research networks in South Carolina and Oklahoma. We asked about parental preference for receiving vaccine reminders for their adolescent, whether they would allow the healthcare provider to directly message their adolescent, and if so, what would be the acceptable minimum age.

Evaluations of Sexual Assault Prevention Programs in Military Settings: A Synthesis of the Research Literature.

The prevention of sexual assault (SA) in the U.S. military is a significant priority.

Motives and Concerns Associated with Geosocial Networking App Usage: An Exploratory Study Among Heterosexual College Students in the United States.

Geosocial network application (GSNA) use is common among young adults. However, there is little empirical research into patterns of use, motives, and potential concerns among app users. A total of 409 heterosexual students from a public university in the southeast United States participated in an online survey.

Randomized controlled trial of a culturally-adapted program for Latinas with binge eating.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder among Latinas. Furthermore, Latinas report more frequent binge eating and higher levels of associated mental health symptoms as compared with non-Latino White women. Research demonstrates that Latinas' eating problems largely go undetected and untreated and that they face numerous barriers to seeking professional help.

Modeled De Facto Reuse and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Drinking Water Source Waters.

De facto reuse is the percentage of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) intake potentially composed of effluent discharged from upstream wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Results from grab samples and a De Facto Reuse in our Nation's Consumable Supply (DRINCS) geospatial watershed model were used to quantify contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) concentrations at DWTP intakes to qualitatively compare exposure risks obtained by the two approaches. Between nine and 71 CECs were detected in grab samples.

Patient and Family Engagement in the Design of a Mobile Health Solution for Pediatric Asthma: Development and Feasibility Study.

Background: Asthma is a highly prevalent, chronic disease with significant morbidity, cost, and disparities in health outcomes. While adherence to asthma treatment guidelines can improve symptoms and decrease exacerbations, most patients receive care that is not guideline-based. New approaches that incorporate shared decision-making (SDM) and health information technology (IT) are needed to positively impact asthma management.