Complex and Bidirectional Interplay Between Marital Quality, Catastrophizing, Psychological Dysfunction, and Quality of Life in Married Malay Women With Disorder of Gut-Brain Interactions.

Background: Disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBI) affect more women, and marital quality may have been a factor that explains clinical manifestations of DGBI-however, the mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate supported relationships between DGBI with marital quality and clinical attributes in married Malay women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved married Malay women with functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and FD-IBS overlap per Rome IV criteria.

Unequal Effects of the Lockdown on Mental Health in Shanghai: The Moderating and Mediating Role of Neighborhood Environment and Online Social Connections.

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted population mental health worldwide. Few studies examined how the neighborhood environment and online social connections might influence the social gradient in mental health during the pandemic lockdown. We aim to examine the moderating and mediating role of neighborhood environment and online social connections in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health outcomes.

Review of advances in glycan analysis on exosomes, cancer cells, and circulating cancer-derived glycoproteins with an emphasis on electrochemistry.

Glycosylation, the intricate process of adding carbohydrate motifs to proteins, lipids, and exosomes on the cell surface, is crucial for both physiological and pathological mechanisms. Alterations in glycans significantly affect cancer cell metastasis by mediating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The subtle changes in glycosylation during malignant transformations highlight the importance of analyzing cell and exosome surface glycosylation for prognostic and early treatment strategies in cancer.

Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study.

Background: There is a high prevalence of depression among refugee youth in low- and middle-income countries, yet depression trajectories are understudied. This study examined depression trajectories, and factors associated with trajectories, among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study with refugee youth aged 16-24 in Kampala, Uganda.

Exploring food safety knowledge and practices in Lebanon.

Background: Lebanon's economic and financial crises have affected the quality-of-life, including food safety and food security.

Aim: To assess food safety knowledge and practices among a sample Lebanese population and the association with the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of participants.

Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data online from 412 Lebanese adults aged ≥ 18 years [mostly female (77.

Stakeholder perspectives on facilitators and barriers to implementing a zero-dollar copay program for chronic conditions study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) remains a pressing public health concern. Despite advancements in antidiabetic medications, suboptimal medication adherence persists among many individuals with T2D, often due to the high cost of medications. To combat this issue, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana (Blue Cross) introduced the $0 Drug Copay (ZDC) program, providing $0 copays for select drugs.

Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma: A Retrospective Review and Survival Analysis at a Single Academic Institution.

Background: Prognostication of atypical spindle cell neoplasms, including atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), is challenging; outcomes vary widely, and further identification of prognostic features is crucial.

Objective: To evaluate prognostic factors that may portend worse outcomes in patients with AFX and PDS.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with AFX and PDS was conducted.

Suboptimal patient positioning with panoramic and CBCT imaging: effects on dose.

Objective: This study examined the effects of changes in patient positioning on radiation exposure for panoramic and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographic examinations by measuring effective dose (E) and equivalent doses.

Study Design: Simulated radiographic examinations with optimal and suboptimal positioning-anterior shift by 1 centimeter (cm), posterior shift by 1 cm, chin lowered by 10 degrees (°), chin elevated by 10°, rotation by 10°, and lateral shift by 1 cm-were conducted using a tissue-equivalent phantom and optically-stimulated luminescent dosimeters. Exposures were made with the RAYSCAN Alpha Plus 160 X-ray unit using the following exposure parameters: panoramic, 80 kVp, 14 mA, and 13.

The Effect of Shoe Insole Stiffness Modifications on Walking Performance in Older Adults: A Feasibility Study.

Shoes or insoles embedded with carbon fiber materials to increase longitudinal stiffness have been shown to enhance running and walking performance in elite runners, and younger adults, respectively. It is unclear, however, if such stiffness modifications can translate to enhanced mobility in older adults who typically walk with greater metabolic cost of transport compared to younger adults. Here, we sought to test whether adding footwear stiffness via carbon fiber insoles could improve walking outcomes (eg, distance traveled and metabolic cost of transport) in older adults during the 6-minute walk test.

Safety and adherence to self-administered intravaginal 5-fluorouracil cream following cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 treatment among HIV-positive women in Kenya: A phase 1 clinical trial.

Objective: To determine the safety, tolerance, and adherence to self-administered intravaginal 5% fluorouracil (5FU) cream as adjuvant therapy following cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN2/3) treatment among women living with HIV (WLWH) in Kenya.

Methods: A phase I pilot trial was performed among 12 WLWH in Kenya, aged 18-49 years between March 2023 and February 2024 (ClinicalTrial.gov NCT05362955).

To label or not: the need for validation in label-free imaging.

Significance: Advances in label-free imaging have impacted many areas of biological and biomedical imaging ranging from cell biology and cancer to pathology and neuroscience. Despite the great progress and advantages of these methods, it is clear that to realize their full potential, validation by extrinsic labels and probes is critically needed.

Aim: This perspective calls for developing and applying innovative labels and probes to validate both existing and emerging label-free imaging methods.

Trainee Autonomy and Supervision in the Inpatient Clinical Learning Environment.

Background: Balancing autonomy and supervision during medical residency is important for trainee development while ensuring patient safety. In the increasingly complex inpatient clinical learning environment, tension exists when this balance is skewed. In this study, we aimed to understand current and ideal states of autonomy and supervision and then describe factors that contribute to imbalance from both trainee and attending perspectives.

Colliding public health priorities: A call to improve the understanding of autistic individuals utilizing housing assistance.

The objective of this study was to identify utilization of housing support provided by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) among autistic people in the U.

Preconception Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity and fecundability, live birth, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: To study the impact of preconception Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity on fecundability, live birth, and pregnancy loss and to assess the effect of low-dose aspirin therapy (81 mg/day) on live birth and pregnancy loss.

Design: Preconception cohort study conducted using data and specimens from the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction study-a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Patients: A total of 1,228 individuals with proven fecundity and a history of 1-2 pregnancy losses.

A Content Analysis of Cancer-Related Changes in Perceptions of Self, Relationships, and Health Among LGBTQI+ Cancer Survivors Across the Life Course: Findings From OUT: The National Cancer Survey.

Background: The LGBTQI+ population makes up at least 7.6% of the US population. LGBTQI+ populations are at increased risk of experiencing LGBTQI+-related discrimination and cis-heteronormativity in healthcare leading to poorer health outcomes throughout the cancer care continuum.

Substance use disorder severity is associated with sensitivity to effort-related decision-making constraints.

Rationale: Several studies have reported associations between substance use and effort-related decision making, or the degree to which effort expenditure impacts the choice between lower and higher value rewards. However, previous research has not explored effort-related decision making in populations with severe substance use disorder.

Objectives: Investigate the association between effort-related decision-making and substance use disorder severity.

Elevated Fecal Biomarkers of Colo-Rectal Epithelial Cell Activity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastro-intestinal disorder characterized by discomfort with constipation and/or diarrhea with unclear pathophysiology. We aimed to determine the activities of colorectal eosinophils, neutrophils and epithelial cells by biomarkers in feces reflecting these activities.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 185 patients with IBS before and after 8 weeks of placebo or mesalazine treatment and from 40 healthy subjects.

Investigating inconsistencies regarding health equity in select World Health Organization texts: a critical discourse analysis of health promotion, social determinants of health, and urban health texts, 2008-2016.

Background: Scholarly critiques have demonstrated that the World Health Organization (WHO) approaches the concept of health equity inconsistently. For example, inconsistencies center around measuring health inequity across individuals versus groups; in approaches and goals sought in striving for health equity; and whether considerations around health equity prioritize socioeconomic status or also consider other social determinants of health. However, the significance of these contrasting approaches has yet to be assessed empirically.

Health promotion, the social determinants of health, and urban health: what does a critical discourse analysis of World Health Organization texts reveal about health equity?

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has focused on health equity as part of its mandate and broader agenda-consider for example, the "health for all" slogan. However, a recent scoping review determined that there are no studies that investigate the WHO's approach to health equity. Therefore, this study is the first such empirical analysis examining discourses of health equity in WHO texts concerning health promotion, the social determinants of health, and urban health.

Ethics of Mathematical Modeling in Public Health: The Case of Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Africa.

Mathematical modelling has played an increasingly prominent role in public health responses, for example by offering estimates of how infectious disease incidence over time may be affected by the adoption of certain policies and interventions. In this paper, we call for greater research and reflection into the ethics of mathematical modeling in public health. First, we present some promising ways of framing the ethics of mathematical modeling that have been offered in the very few publications specifically devoted to this subject.

Mesoscale functional architecture in medial posterior parietal cortex.

The posterior parietal cortex () in mice has various functions including multisensory integration, vision-guided behaviors, working memory, and posture control. However, an integrated understanding of these functions and their cortical localizations in and around the PPC and higher visual areas (), has not been completely elucidated. Here we simultaneously imaged the activity of thousands of neurons within a 3 × 3 mm field-of-view, including eight cortical areas around the PPC, during behavior with a two-photon mesoscope.