Small-airway disease and its reversibility in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional study in an African setting.

Background: Lung function abnormalities may occur in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Small-airway disease (SAD) precedes abnormalities in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV ).

Objective: This study aims to assess the presence and reversibility of SAD in HIV-infected children using the Global Lung Function Initiative standards.

Spirometry practice and the impact of a phase 1 training workshop among health workers in southern Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Global standards require that spirometry should be performed by trained and experienced personnel, who would be able to assess the correct performance of tests by patients and assure good quality of the result. The complete achievement of this requires a two-step assessment where competency in both knowledge and skills are tested. This study aims to assess the impact of a one-day hands-on spirometry training (Phase1), on the knowledge and application of spirometry among health workers.