Squamous cell carcinoma is associated with reduced IL34 expression, alterations in the Langerhans cell antigen-processing-presentation machinery and poor patient survival.

Objectives: Langerhans cells (LCs) are epithelial antigen-presenting cells (APC) contributing to immune surveillance. LCs depend on interleukin 34 (IL34) production by epithelial cells. This study aimed to uncover mechanisms of alteration of IL34 and LC function in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

End-tidal carbon dioxide, a point-of-care biomarker to assess severity in acute asthma: A systematic review.

Background And Objective: Accurate severity assessment in acute asthma is vital to guide patient management and disposition. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO) has been proposed as a real-time measure for this purpose. This study aimed to systematically review literature on EtCO measurement in assessing the severity of acute asthma exacerbations.

Secondary Risk-Reducing Strategies for Contralateral Breast Cancer in BRCA1/2 Variant Carriers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Breast cancer poses significant challenges, especially the increased risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) in BRCA1/2 variant carriers. This study systematically reviews and analyzes the effectiveness of secondary risk-reducing strategies for CBC in BRCA1/2 carriers.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted from January 2000 to December 2023, including RCTs, cohort, or case-control studies involving BRCA carriers with unilateral breast cancer.

Australian general practice registrars' billing patterns: a cross-sectional analysis from the Registrars Clinical Encounters in Training (ReCEnT) study.

Background: In Australia, a government insurance scheme (Medicare) pays set rebates for a range of distinct general practitioner (GP) services. GPs may 'bulk-bill' and accept the Medicare rebate fee directly, or 'privately-bill' by charging the patient a higher fee that is partially reimbursed by Medicare. The billing behaviour of Australian GP registrars (trainees) and their decision to bulk- or privately-bill patients is an evidence gap.

A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Involving Financial Incentives to Facilitate Hepatitis C Treatment Uptake Among People Who Inject Drugs: ETHOS Engage Study.

The primary aim of this study was to establish the feasibility of implementing a larger RCT designed to evaluate the effect of financial incentives on HCV treatment initiation among persons receiving opioid agonist therapy and/or who have injected drugs in the prior six months. ETHOS Engage is an observational cohort of participants recruited from drug treatment and needle and syringe programs in Australia. Among 11 drug and alcohol clinics, participants who were HCV RNA-positive were randomized (1:1) to receive standard of care or a AUD $60 gift card at treatment initiation.

The Relationship Between Dietary Patterns, Cognition, and Cardiometabolic Health in Healthy, Older Adults.

Background: Healthy dietary patterns can support the maintenance of cognition and brain health in older age and are negatively associated with cardiometabolic risk. Cardiometabolic risk factors are similarly important for cognition and may play an important role in linking diet to cognition.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and cognition and to determine whether cardiometabolic health markers moderate these relationships in older adulthood.

Oxidative Stress-Associated Alteration of circRNA and Their ceRNA Network in Differentiating Neuroblasts.

Oxidative stress from environmental exposures is thought to play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders; therefore, understanding the underlying molecular regulatory network is essential for mitigating its impacts. In this study, we analysed the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network mediated by circRNAs, a novel class of regulatory molecules, in an SH-SY5Y cell model of oxidative stress, both prior to and during neural differentiation, using RNA sequencing and in silico analysis. We identified 146 differentially expressed circRNAs, including 93 upregulated and 53 downregulated circRNAs, many of which were significantly co-expressed with mRNAs that potentially interact with miRNAs.

Borylated Monosaccharide 3-Boronic-3-deoxy-d-galactose: Detailed NMR Spectroscopic Characterisation, and Method for Spectroscopic Analysis of Anomeric and Boron Equilibria.

Drug leads with a high Fsp index are more likely to possess desirable properties for progression in the drug development pipeline. This paper describes the first detailed NMR analysis of the borylated intermediate 3-deoxy-3-boronodiethanolamine-1,2:5,6-di--isopropylidene-α-d-galactofuranose and of the corresponding free monosaccharide analogue 3-boronic-3-deoxy-d-galactose in the early stage of the concurrent equilibrium processes of mutarotation and borarotation. A discussion of all potential equilibria is also presented alongside a comparison with relevant B-NMR data available from the scientific literature and our own library.

The Effect of Overweight/Obesity on Cutaneous Microvascular Reactivity as Measured by Laser-Doppler Fluxmetry: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: We sought to determine by systematic review the independent effect of overweight/obesity on cutaneous microvascular reactivity in adults as measured by laser-Doppler fluxmetry.

Methods: CINAHL Complete, SPORTSDiscus, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library were searched until March 2024 to identify studies investigating cutaneous microvascular reactivity in an overweight/obese but otherwise healthy group versus a lean/healthy weight. Reporting is consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

Towards the Development of Novel, Point-of-Care Assays for Monitoring Different Forms of Antioxidant Activity: The RoXsta System.

(1) Background: This study set out to develop a series of simple, novel, rapid methods for assessing different forms of antioxidant activity. (2) Methods: An ABTS platform was used to engineer: (i) an electrochemical post-activation assay to assess free radical scavenging activity; (ii) an electrochemical pre-activation strategy to assesses the suppression of free radical formation; (iii) a horseradish peroxidase-mediated oxidation system to monitor hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and (iv) a cumene peroxide-hematin system to determine the ability of samples to scavenge the mixture of organic peroxides and peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals generated in the presence of these reagents. Each assay was assessed against a panel of candidate antioxidant compounds to determine their relative activities and specificities.

The Impact of Food Environments on Midlife Australian Adults With Addictive Eating Behaviors.

Research into addictive eating has gained traction over recent years, however there is still debate among experts surrounding the nature of the condition. Using reflexive thematic analysis this paper considers addictive eating through a participant focused lens, specifically focussing on the phenomena of the food environment and its impact on individuals with addictive eating. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore the participants' ( = 10) perspectives with addictive eating.

MuscleMap: An Open-Source, Community-Supported Consortium for Whole-Body Quantitative MRI of Muscle.

Disorders affecting the neurological and musculoskeletal systems represent international health priorities. A significant impediment to progress in trials of new therapies is the absence of responsive, objective, and valid outcome measures sensitive to early disease changes. A key finding in individuals with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders is the compositional changes to muscles, evinced by the expression of fatty infiltrates.

Nurses' attitudes towards safety and their association with nurses' perceptions of adverse events and quality of care: a cross-sectional study.

Aims: To explore nurses' attitudes towards safety and their association with nurses' perceptions of adverse events and quality of care in Saudi Arabian hospitals.

Design: A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey.

Methods: A web-based survey was administered to nurses working in five hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Readiness for professional practice among health professions education graduates: a systematic review.

Readiness to practice is the state of being prepared and capable of engaging in professional activities in a specific field. Graduates of healthcare professions require a diverse set of skills, knowledge and attitudes to meet the demands of complex healthcare settings. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of readiness for professional practice among graduates of health professions education.

Umbrella review of systematic reviews to inform the development and translation of community-based childhood obesity prevention interventions.

Community-based interventions (CBIs) can be effective and feasible for the prevention of childhood obesity. The aim of this umbrella review is to determine if systematic reviews report sufficient information to guide replication or adaptation of CBIs to a variety of contexts and aid in further development of childhood obesity prevention CBIs. Six databases were searched for systematic reviews including obesity prevention CBIs involving 0-18 year olds and reporting weight-related outcomes.

Biomechanical determinants of rheumatoid arthritis severity and excess cardiovascular disease: common origins of two complex diseases.

Objectives: The determinants of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) severity and excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) are incompletely understood. Biomechanical factors are known to influence RA severity. Articular stiffness correlates with arterial and skin stiffness.

The Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery for monitoring and surveillance among children and adolescents: A modified Delphi consensus project with 169 experts from 50 countries and territories.

Background: Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health. However, inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance. The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed, evidence-informed, Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years.

Soluble (pro)renin receptor (s(P)RR) levels in women carrying Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander babies; the Gomeroi Gaaynggal study.

Objective: To determine the levels of soluble (pro)renin receptor (s(P)RR) in women carrying Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) babies and investigate whether s(P)RR levels change in women who have complicated pregnancies.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data (2010-2018). Data/samples were from the Gomeroi Gaaynggal Study, a longitudinal cohort study based on Gomeroi/Kamilaroi lands (Tamworth), NSW, Australia.

Understanding the impact of placental oxidative and nitrative stress in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) impacts approximately 10 % of all pregnancies worldwide and is associated with major adverse effects on fetal health in both the short- and long-term [1]. FGR most commonly arises as a result of impaired placentation, occurring in up to 60 % of cases in developed countries [2]. This narrative review outlines the impact of defective placentation on the placenta, focusing on redox imbalance, how this leads to placental oxidative and nitrative stress, and the implications of these stressors on placental nutrient transfer, premature replicative senescence, and trophoblast cell death.