KAMRA presbyopic inlay refractive outcomes: a Canadian perspective.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the visual outcomes of KAMRA (AcuFocus Inc, Irvine, Calif.) inlay insertion in a cohort of patients reporting success of procedure, complications, patient satisfaction, and refractive outcomes.

Design: Retrospective trial at the TLC Laser Centre, Toronto.

A comparative analysis of the cephalic microbiome: The ocular, aural, nasal/nasopharyngeal, oral and facial dermal niches.

The human face/head supports a highly diverse population of microorganisms across a diverse range of microhabitats. This biogeographical diversity has given rise to selection pressure resulting in the formation of distinct bacterial communities between sites. This review investigates the similarity and differences of microbiomes across the different biogeographies of the human face and discusses a potential pathway for microbial circulation within individuals and within a population to maintain microbiome niches and diversity.

Pterygium and Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: Optical Biopsy Using a Novel Autofluorescence Multispectral Imaging Technique.

In this study, differentiation of pterygium vs. ocular surface squamous neoplasia based on multispectral autofluorescence imaging technique was investigated. Fifty (N = 50) patients with histopathological diagnosis of pterygium (PTG) and/or ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) were recruited.

Intraocular lens explantation following cataract surgery: Indications, techniques, and video demonstrations.

As techniques for modern cataract surgery have expanded and premium intraocular lens (IOL) use is now widespread, patient expectations are high. The need for IOL explantation, whilst still low, remains an ongoing issue. Intraocular lens explantation can be challenging for a number of reasons and as such we have introduced an additional technique to add to the surgeon's repertoire.

Clinical Trial: Diurnal IOP Fluctuations in Glaucoma Using Latanoprost and Timolol with Self-Tonometry.

Significance: Assessment of treatment efficacy via comparison with a target IOP is fundamental in monitoring patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. This article highlights that diurnal IOP fluctuations obtained using self-tonometry may more accurately reflect IOP responses to therapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate fluctuations in diurnal IOP measurements in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension treated with latanoprost 0.

Was Marilyn Monroe myopic and an early adopter of colored contact lenses? A review of the evidence and the early history of colored contact lenses.

Wide availability and uptake of contact lenses came with the development of the first polymethyl methacrylate corneal lenses during the late 1940s. It is less well known that colored contact lenses were developed simultaneously. These innovations allowed both a degree of spectacle independence for ametropes and an ability to vary eye color.

Computational Model of Sclerotic Scatter.

Purpose: A clinical examination technique to detect pathology within the anterior eye is known as "sclerotic scatter" (SS). Its propagation pathway has not been thoroughly investigated. Although conventionally theorized to occur by "total internal reflection" (TIR) within the cornea, existing data suggest that this may be an incomplete explanation.

Melanoma incidence in Australian commercial pilots, 2011-2016.

Objectives: Occupational exposure to cosmic and ultraviolet radiation may increase airline pilots' risk of cutaneous melanoma. Meta-analyses of available data show a higher than average incidence of melanoma in airline pilots, but the most recent systematic review revealed that few contemporary data are available. Moreover, all relevant studies have been conducted in Northern Hemisphere populations.

Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Corneal Stromal Invasion in Presumed Pterygia: A Case Series.

Aim: To describe 4 cases of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with corneal stromal invasion.

Methods: Retrospective, clinicopathologic case series.

Results: All patients had prior resections of presumed pterygia.

Paradigm shifts, peregrinations and pixies in ophthalmology.

Human ingenuity is challenged by defending vision, our highest bandwidth sense. Special challenges are presented by the replacement or repair of highly specialized but scarce tissue within the constraints of transparency, tissue shape and alignment, tissue borders and pressure maintenance. Many, mostly destructive, surgical procedures were developed prior to an understanding of underlying pathophysiology.

The pathogenesis of pterygium: current concepts and their therapeutic implications.

Pterygium is a disease of the ocular surface that is associated with chronic UV exposure and is characterized by proliferation, inflammatory infiltrates, fibrosis, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix breakdown. Although pterygium is not fully understood, significant progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an update on the signaling pathways activated by UV light that result in induction of mediators responsible for the growth of pterygium.

Ocular effects of cosmetic products and procedures.

Cosmetic products and procedures can produce adverse effects on the ocular surface, ranging from mild discomfort to vision-threatening conditions. Complications of skin and eye products can be related to allergy or toxicity, often attributable to perfumes. Complications of blepharoplasty may be associated with overcorrection, scarring, or uneven contour of the lid margins, conditions that can cause significant ocular surface disease until they are corrected.

Blink-related microtrauma: when the ocular surface harms itself.

Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis results mechanically from blinking under prolonged unphysiological conditions. The pathogenic process is known as blink-related microtrauma. This review aimed to explore the validity of a general theory that besides superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, there may be other diseases of the ocular surface arising from mechanical microtrauma.