Associations between Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk scores and hippocampal subfield volumes in 17,161 UK Biobank participants.

Hippocampal volume is an important biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and genetic risk of AD is associated with hippocampal atrophy. However, the hippocampus is not a uniform structure and has a number of subfields, the associations of which with age, sex, and polygenic risk score for AD (PRS) have been inadequately investigated. We examined these associations in 17,161 cognitively normal UK Biobank participants (44-80 years).

Psychological interventions for depression in children and young people with an intellectual disability and/or autism: systematic review.

Background: Children and young people with intellectual disability and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder (autism) experience higher rates of mental health problems, including depression, than their typically developing peers. Although international guidelines suggest psychological therapies as first-line intervention for children and young people, there is limited evidence for psychological therapy for depression in children and young people with intellectual disability and/or autism.

Aims: To evaluate the current evidence base for psychological interventions for depression in children and young people with intellectual disability and/or autism, and examine the experiences of children and young people with intellectual disability and/or autism, their families and therapists, in receiving and delivering psychological treatment for depression.

A nurse- and peer-led psycho-educational intervention to support women with gynaecological cancers receiving curative radiotherapy: The PeNTAGOn randomised controlled trial - ANZGOG 1102.

Objective: Radiotherapy for gynaecological cancer is associated with multiple adverse effects. This randomised controlled trial evaluated the impact of a combined nurse- and peer-led psycho-educational intervention on psychological distress, preparation for treatment, quality of life, psychosexual function, unmet needs and vaginal stenosis.

Methods: Eligible women had a confirmed diagnosis of gynaecological cancer, scheduled to receive radiotherapy with curative intent, aged ≥18 years, and able to read and write English.

Decreasing Posterior Femoral Condyle Offset Improves Intraoperative Correction of Flexion Contracture in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Multiple intraoperative strategies are described to achieve full extension in total knee arthroplasty, but only a few studies have assessed the effect of the flexion gap on intraoperative improvement in flexion contracture. The aim of this study was to determine whether posterior condylar offset, in isolation, independently affects extension at the time of total knee arthroplasty.Two hundred and seventy-eight patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis and flexion contracture ≥ 5 degrees between January 2008 and July 2018 were included in this study.

Tree Canopy Cover Is Best Associated with Perceptions of Greenspace: A Short Communication.

A growing literature has supported a relationship between greenspace and health. Various greenspace metrics exist; some are based on subjective measures while others are based on an objective assessment of the landscape. While subjective measures may better reflect individual feelings about surrounding greenspace and the resulting positive benefits thereof, they are expensive and difficult to collect.

Comparing the clinical and prognostic impact of proximal versus nonproximal lesions in dominant right coronary artery ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of culprit lesion location in dominant right coronary artery (RCA) ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Background: In RCA STEMI, proximal culprit lesions have been shown to have higher rates of acute complications such as bradycardia and cardiogenic shock (CS) but data on mortality is limited.

Methods: We retrospectively identified and analyzed data from consecutive patients with a dominant RCA STEMI who underwent either primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between January 2003 and December 2016.

Effects of Allopurinol on the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Elevated serum urate levels are associated with progression of chronic kidney disease. Whether urate-lowering treatment with allopurinol can attenuate the decline of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for progression is not known.

Methods: In this randomized, controlled trial, we randomly assigned adults with stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease and no history of gout who had a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio of 265 or higher (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine in grams) or an eGFR decrease of at least 3.

Does Anxiety Increase the Risk of All-Cause Dementia? An Updated Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Anxiety has been suggested as a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia, but results are still controversial. Our main objectives are to develop an updated meta-analysis of prospective population-based studies on the relationship between anxiety and risk of dementia, and to estimate the population fraction of dementia attributable to anxiety (PAF). : We searched for cohort studies listed on PubMed or Web of Science from January 2018 to January 2020 that reported risk estimates for the association between anxiety and incident dementia.

Methodologic considerations in randomized clinical trials in reproductive medicine.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine. In this series in Fertility and Sterility, several aspects of RCTs are discussed, with contributions on multicenter RCTs, different international settings, and integrity of RCTs. The present contribution deals with methodologic issues.

Dietary Phosphate Consumption in Australians With Stages 3b and 4 Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: Dietary phosphate modification is a common therapy to treat hyperphosphatemia in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, current dietary intake and common food sources of phosphate typically consumed by individuals with CKD are not well characterized. This study examined a cohort of CKD patients to determine total dietary intake and common food sources of phosphate, including phosphate additives.

Factors Associated with Re-Enrollment of Patients from a Specialist Community Palliative Care Service.

The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of discharge and re-enrollment to a community palliative care service, and to identify factors associated with re-enrollment. Community-based palliative care is a limited resource. The evidence base to guide discharge practices from community palliative care services is limited.

Judgements of hand location and hand spacing show minimal proprioceptive drift.

With a visual memory of where our hands are, their perceived location drifts. We investigated whether the perceived location of one hand or the spacing between two hands drifts in the absence of visual memories or cues. In 30 participants (17 females, mean age 27 years, range 20-45 years), perceived location of the right index finger was assessed when it was 10 cm to the right or left of the midline.

Management of lower limb fractures in patients with spinal cord injuries.

Background: Low-energy fractures of the lower limb in patients post spinal cord injury (SCI) present significant management challenges. This is the first Australian study to review the experience from a tertiary referral SCI centre and aims to identify trends and suggest therapeutic options.

Methods: Retrospective review over a 5-year period in patients with SCI treated for a lower limb fragility fracture.

deletion mitigates respiratory deficiency caused by mutations in the gene encoding the coenzyme Q chaperone protein Coq10.

Coenzyme Q (Q ) is a vital lipid component of the electron transport chain that functions in cellular energy metabolism and as a membrane antioxidant. In the yeast , deletion mutants are respiratory-incompetent, sensitive to lipid peroxidation stress, and unable to synthesize Q The yeast deletion mutant is also respiratory-deficient and sensitive to lipid peroxidation, yet it continues to produce Q at an impaired rate. Thus, Coq10 is required for the function of Q in respiration and as an antioxidant and is believed to chaperone Q from its site of synthesis to the respiratory complexes.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Children, Adolescents, and Adults With a Fontan Circulation: A Meta-Analysis.

Background People with a Fontan circulation experience a range of physical, psychosocial and neurodevelopmental challenges alongside, or caused by, their cardiac condition, with significant consequences for health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We meta-analyzed HRQOL outcomes reported by people with a Fontan circulation or their proxies and evaluated predictors of poorer HRQOL. Methods and Results Six electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed, English-language articles published before March 2019.

Genetic influence on ageing-related changes in resting-state brain functional networks in healthy adults: A systematic review.

This systematic review examines the genetic and epigenetic factors associated with resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in healthy human adult brains across the lifespan, with a focus on genes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). There were 58 studies included. The key findings are: (i) genetic factors have a low to moderate contribution; (ii) the apolipoprotein E ε2/3/4 polymorphism was the most studied genetic variant, with the APOE-ε4 allele most consistently associated with deficits of the default mode network, but there were insufficient studies to determine the relationships with other AD candidate risk genes; (iii) a single genome-wide association study identified several variants related to RSFC; (iv) two epigenetic independent studies showed a positive relationship between blood DNA methylation of the SLC6A4 promoter and RSFC measures.

Exploration of experiences with and understanding of polygenic risk scores for bipolar disorder.

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) summarise genetic risk in complex genetic disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this study was to gain in-depth, nuanced information regarding the understanding and experience of receiving a PRS for BD from individuals who already have a BD diagnosis.

Methods: Participants from a previous genetics study were invited to receive their PRS in a face-to-face consultation with a genetic counsellor or psychiatrist.

Large osteophyte removal from the posterior femoral condyle significantly improves extension at the time of surgery in a total knee arthroplasty.

Unlabelled: Removing osteophytes from the posterior compartment of the femur eliminates the tenting effects on the joint capsule and consequently increases the extension gap in total knee arthroplasty. However, there is no clear association with the size of osteophytes removed and the potential degree of additional extension achieved at time of surgery.

Aims: Correlate the size of posterior osteophytes removed with the degree of extension gained intraoperatively in total knee arthroplasty and develop a radiological classification system to grade these osteophytes.

Efficacy of azithromycin in severe asthma from the AMAZES randomised trial.

Background: Low-dose azithromycin is an effective therapy for persistent asthma; however, its benefit in severe asthma is not defined.

Methods: Participants with severe asthma were identified from the AMAZES randomised, placebo-controlled trial of long-term (48 weeks) low-dose azithromycin. Participants who met one of the following severe asthma definitions were included: 1) Global Initiative for Asthma step 4 treatment with poor asthma control (asthma control questionnaire score ≥0.

Cultivation at high osmotic pressure confers ubiquinone 8-independent protection of respiration on .

Ubiquinone 8 (coenzyme Q8 or Q8) mediates electron transfer within the aerobic respiratory chain, mitigates oxidative stress, and contributes to gene expression in In addition, Q8 was proposed to confer bacterial osmotolerance by accumulating during growth at high osmotic pressure and altering membrane stability. The osmolyte trehalose and membrane lipid cardiolipin accumulate in cells cultivated at high osmotic pressure. Here, Q8 deficiency impaired growth at low osmotic pressure and rendered growth osmotically sensitive.

Next generation sequencing of human enterovirus strains from an outbreak of enterovirus A71 shows applicability to outbreak investigations.

Background: The most recent documented Australian outbreak of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) occurred in Sydney from 2012 to 2013. Over a four-month period more than 100 children presented to four paediatric hospitals with encephalitic presentations including fever and myoclonic jerks. The heterogeneous presentations included typical encephalomyelitis, and cardiopulmonary complications.

Updating the evidence for an association between anxiety and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Objectives: Anxiety is postulated to be a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our primary aim was to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies investigating the association between anxiety and AD risk.

Design: We searched multiple scientific databases to identify relevant papers published up to March 2019.