Preferences of Australian healthcare providers regarding education on long-term health after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore Australian healthcare providers' (HCPs') preferred content, format and access to education regarding long-term health after hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP), in order to guide the development of education programmes.

Design And Setting: A qualitative study using a framework analysis was undertaken. Registered HCP who were practising in Australia and previously completed a survey about long-term health after HDP were invited to participate.

SIDS is associated with prenatal drug use: a meta-analysis and systematic review of 4 238 685 infants.

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis to determine the association between prenatal drug exposure and risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Design: Studies were searched using PubMed, Medline and Embase and restricted to English, with no publication date limit. Selected studies included published cohort, population or case studies comparing the incidence of SIDS among drug-exposed with drug-free controls.

Non-empirical management of asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhoea reduces unnecessary antibiotic use fivefold: a before and after study.

Objectives: In 2019, informed by favourable patient and provider acceptability surveys and concerns about antimicrobial resistance, Sydney Sexual Health Centre stopped routinely providing empirical antibiotic treatment to asymptomatic contacts of (chlamydia) and (gonorrhoea). We aimed to assess if this policy change had any negative impact on patient outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective file review of people who presented as asymptomatic contacts of chlamydia and gonorrhoea cases before and after the policy change was conducted.

Rethinking the gold standard - The feasibility of randomized controlled trials within health services effectiveness research.

Background: An evidence-based randomized controlled trial for a novel Pharmacy Asthma Service was tested in 3 Australian states. Positive asthma outcomes were achieved after the 12-month intervention, albeit in both the intervention and comparator arms. The current investigation uses a mixed methods approach to 1) qualitatively explore how comparator arm pharmacists implemented the trial protocol and 2) quantitatively examine how this may have impacted patient outcomes in this trial.

Recommendations for effective documentation in regional anesthesia: an expert panel Delphi consensus project.

Background And Objectives: Documentation is important for quality improvement, education, and research. There is currently a lack of recommendations regarding key aspects of documentation in regional anesthesia. The aim of this study was to establish recommendations for documentation in regional anesthesia.

Children and Young People's Health Partnership Evelina London Model of Care: economic evaluation protocol of a complex system change.

Introduction: The Children and Young People's Health Partnership (CYPHP) Evelina London Model of Care is a new approach to integrated care delivery for children and young people (CYP) with common health complaints and chronic conditions. CYPHP includes population health management (services shaped by data-driven understanding of population and individual needs, applied in this case to enable proactive case finding and tailored biopsychosocial care), specialist clinics with multidisciplinary health teams and training resources for professionals working with CYP. This complex health system strengthening programme has been implemented in South London since April 2018 and will be evaluated using a cluster randomised controlled trial with an embedded process evaluation.

Tibiofemoral dynamic stressed gap laxities correlate with compartment load measurements in robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty.

Aims: It is unknown whether gap laxities measured in robotic arm-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) correlate to load sensor measurements. The aim of this study was to determine whether symmetry of the maximum medial and lateral gaps in extension and flexion was predictive of knee balance in extension and flexion respectively using different maximum thresholds of intercompartmental load difference (ICLD) to define balance.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 165 patients undergoing functionally-aligned TKA was performed (176 TKAs).

Beyond antivirals: virus-specific T-cell immunotherapy for BK virus haemorrhagic cystitis and JC virus progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Purpose Of Review: The clinical manifestations of the polyomaviruses BK and JC in immunocompromised patients include BK virus (BKV) induced haemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy, and JC virus (JCV) associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and are typically a consequence of impaired adaptive immunity in the host. To date, little clinical success has been achieved with antiviral agents or other drug therapies to treat these conditions. Here we review the methods and outcomes of the most recent clinical studies utilising adoptive immunotherapy with BK and/or JC virus-specific T-cells (VST) as either prophylaxis or treatment alternatives.

Rationalised premedication practice for blood product transfusions: A single-centre quality initiative.

Aim: Blood and platelets are scarce resources that are an essential part of the supportive care for paediatric cancer patients. There are many inherent risks involved with transfusions including acute transfusion reactions (ATRs). Following an initial ATR, prophylactic medications are commonly given prior to subsequent transfusions.

Atypical gnathostomiasis-confirmed cutaneous larva migrans, Vietnam.

We reported a case of gnathostomiasis in a 42-year-old woman with an unclear history of eating high-risk foods and had a non-migratory skin lesion, negative serological testing and normal blood eosinophil counts. A diagnosis of gnathostomiasis was based on a live, third-stage larva that was randomly taken from the patient's skin lesion by herself. The presenting case report demonstrates challenges in correctly diagnose cutaneous gnathostomiasis even in endemic countries due to atypical skin lesions, negative serology testing and the absence of eosinophilia and thus, the widely used classic triad of suggestive evidence of gnathostomiasis is not fulfilled.

Standardizing nomenclature in regional anesthesia: an ASRA-ESRA Delphi consensus study of abdominal wall, paraspinal, and chest wall blocks.

Background: There is heterogeneity in the names and anatomical descriptions of regional anesthetic techniques. This may have adverse consequences on education, research, and implementation into clinical practice. We aimed to produce standardized nomenclature for abdominal wall, paraspinal, and chest wall regional anesthetic techniques.

Safety and tolerability of oral lisdexamfetamine in adults with methamphetamine dependence: a phase-2 dose-escalation study.

Objectives: To examine the safety of an agonist-type treatment, lisdexamfetamine (LDX), at 250 mg/day among adults with methamphetamine (MA) dependence.

Design: A dose-escalating, phase-2, open-label, single-group study of oral LDX at two Australian drug treatment services.

Setting: The study was conducted at two Australian stimulant use disorder treatment clinics.

Proof of concept for the clinical effects of oral rilzabrutinib, the first Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor for pemphigus vulgaris: the phase II BELIEVE study.

Background: Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibition targets B-cell and other non-T-cell immune cells implicated in the pathophysiology of pemphigus, an autoimmune disease driven by anti-desmoglein autoantibodies. Rilzabrutinib is a new reversible, covalent BTK inhibitor demonstrating preclinical efficacy as monotherapy in canine pemphigus foliaceus.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral rilzabrutinib in patients with pemphigus vulgaris in a multicentre, proof-of-concept, phase II trial.

Organisational aspects and assessment practices of Australian memory clinics: an Australian Dementia Network (ADNeT) Survey.

Objectives: Conducting a national survey of clinicians and administrators from specialised dementia assessment services (memory clinics) in Australia to examine their current organisational aspects and assessment procedures and inform clinical tool harmonisation as part of the Australian Dementia Network-memory clinics project.

Design: A cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Public and private memory clinics across Australia.

The virome in early life and childhood and development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Viruses are postulated as primary candidate triggers of islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D), based on considerable epidemiological and experimental evidence. Recent studies have investigated the association between all viruses (the 'virome') and IA/T1D using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Current associations between the early life virome and the development of IA/T1D were analysed in a systematic review and meta-analysis of human observational studies from Medline and EMBASE (published 2000-June 2020), without language restriction.

Variation in the management of Kawasaki disease in Australia and New Zealand: A survey of paediatricians.

Aim: This study aimed to describe the current management practices for Kawasaki disease (KD) in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis on the Australian and New Zealand responses to a large international survey of clinicians' perspectives on KD diagnosis and management.

Results: There was general consensus among Australian and New Zealand clinicians regarding the indications for intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin in the management of acute KD.

Impact of a rural drowning reduction programme in Bangladesh on gender equity, norms and behaviour: a mixed-method analysis.

Objectives: Community-based health programmes implemented in low-income and middle-income countries impact community gender norms and roles and relationships, which in turn affect individuals' health outcomes. Programmes should measure their effects on gender norms, roles and relationships in the communities in which they operate to respond to unexpected health consequences. We conducted a gender analysis on a drowning reduction programme in rural Bangladesh to identify its impacts on gendered roles and behaviours in the community.

Age-stratified outcomes of bioprosthetic and mechanical aortic valve replacements in an Australian cohort of 13 377 patients.

Objectives: To quantify age-stratified outcomes of bioprosthetic valve (BV) and mechanical valve (MV) surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) in Australian patients.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using population-based linked hospital morbidity and mortality data.

Setting: Public and private hospitals.

Microbiome Understanding in Maternity Study (MUMS), an Australian prospective longitudinal cohort study of maternal and infant microbiota: study protocol.

Introduction: Pregnancy induces significant physiological and cardiometabolic changes, and is associated with alterations in the maternal microbiota. Increasing rates of prepregnancy obesity, metabolic abnormalities and reduced physical activity, all impact negatively on the microbiota causing an imbalance between the commensal microorganisms (termed dysbiosis), which may drive complications, such as gestational diabetes or hypertensive disorders. Considerable work is needed to define the inter-relationships between the microbiome, nutrition, physical activity and pregnancy outcomes.

Prevalence and risk factors of pseudomyopia in a Chinese children population: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study.

Aims: To investigate the prevalence and predictors of pseudomyopia in Chinese children and its association with myopia progression.

Methods: A prospective, school-based, cohort study of 6- and 13-year-old children was conducted in Anyang, China. Pre-cycloplegic and post-cycloplegic autorefraction were performed at baseline and 1 year later.