RNA CoMPASS: a dual approach for pathogen and host transcriptome analysis of RNA-seq datasets.

High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has become an instrumental assay for the analysis of multiple aspects of an organism's transcriptome. Further, the analysis of a biological specimen's associated microbiome can also be performed using RNA-seq data and this application is gaining interest in the scientific community. There are many existing bioinformatics tools designed for analysis and visualization of transcriptome data.

The Reliable Digit Span test in chronic pain: classification accuracy in detecting malingered pain-related disability.

This study used criterion groups validation (known-groups design) to examine the classification accuracy of the Reliable Digit Span test (RDS) in a large group of chronic pain patients referred for psychological evaluation. The sample consisted of 612 patients classified into one of six groups based on evidence of malingered pain-related disability (MPRD): No-Incentive, Not MPRD; Incentive-Only, Not MPRD; Indeterminate; Possible MPRD; Probable MPRD; Definite MPRD. A total of 30 college student simulators were also included.

Rates of below-chance performance in forced-choice symptom validity tests.

The rates of significantly below-chance results on three neuropsychological symptom validity tests (SVTs) including the Portland Digit Recognition Test (PDRT), Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), and Word Memory Test (WMT) were compared in a private practice forensic sample of 1032 examinees with alleged mild traumatic brain injury, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, alleged toxic exposure, and reported chronic pain. The PDRT and WMT were equivalent to one another in the rates of below-chance results, with both yielding more frequent below-chance results than the TOMM. Seemingly more difficult sections of the PDRT and WMT had higher yields than seemingly easier sections.

Are the original and second edition of the California Verbal Learning Test equally accurate in detecting malingering?

This two-part study sought to determine the equivalence of the California Verbal Learning Tests (CVLT-1 and CVLT-2) in the detection of malingering in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic pain. Part 1 compared a variety of scores from the two versions in carefully matched patient groups. Part 2 used criterion groups (known-groups) methodology to examine the relative rates of false positive (FP) errors across the two versions.

Verbal fluency indicators of malingering in traumatic brain injury: classification accuracy in known groups.

A known-groups design was used to determine the classification accuracy of verbal fluency variables in detecting Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction (MND) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were 204 TBI and 488 general clinical patients. The Slick et al.

Detecting malingering in traumatic brain injury and chronic pain: a comparison of three forced-choice symptom validity tests.

Individual and joint malingering detection accuracy of the Portland Digit Recognition Test (PDRT), Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), and Word Memory Test (WMT) was examined in traumatic brain injury (TBI; 43 non-malingering, 27 malingering) and chronic pain (CP; 42 non-malingering, 58 malingering) using a known-groups design. At published cutoffs, the PDRT and TOMM were very specific but failed to detect about 50% of malingerers; the WMT was sensitive but prone to false positive errors. ROC analyses demonstrated comparable accuracy across all three tests.

Detecting malingering in traumatic brain injury and chronic pain with an abbreviated version of the Meyers Index for the MMPI-2.

Meyers, Millis, and Volkert [Meyers, J. E., Millis, S.

Classification accuracy of the test of memory malingering in traumatic brain injury: results of a known-groups analysis.

This study used a known-groups design to determine the classification accuracy of the Test of Memory Malingering (Tombaugh, 1996, 1997) in detecting cognitive malingering in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Forty-one of 161 TBI patients met Slick, Sherman, and Iverson (1999) criteria for Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Twenty-two no-incentive memory disorder patients were also included.

Should the Retention trial of the Test of Memory Malingering be optional?

The present study examined the false negative error rate associated with the optional use of the Retention trial the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). TOMM scores from 150 traumatic brain injury and 150 chronic pain patients were examined. Results indicated that early termination of the TOMM resulted in 3% of patients going undetected by the TOMM.

Detection and diagnosis of malingering in electrical injury.

This paper sought to demonstrate that diagnosable malingering does occur in Electrical Injury (EI) and examine the relationship of malingering to potential indicators of the presence and severity of neurological injury. Eleven consecutive EI patients seen for neuropsychological evaluation were presented. Over half the patients met the Slick et al.

Social, legal, and institutional context of heterosexual aggression by college women.

This review concerns women's heterosexual aggression. Social context considers prevalence and incidence, gender roles and social norms, reactions to receiving aggression, and alcohol and drugs. Legal context focuses on state law and institutional context focuses on college and university codes of conduct.

Cognitive and emotional sequelae of cerebellar infarct: a case report.

The cerebellum has long been the subject of scientific investigation, but its role in nonmotor functions has only recently begun to receive serious consideration. Despite the growing literature linking the cerebellum to nonmotor/cognitive functions in humans, some controversy remains concerning the cerebellum's role in these processes. We present a patient who developed both specific language processing and verbal memory deficits and emotional changes in the context of normal intelligence following a bilateral cerebellar ischemic stroke.

The neurobehavioural consequences of St. Louis encephalitis infection.

Background: St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) is a relatively common cause of neurological illness, yet little is known about its cognitive and psychosocial consequences.

Purpose: To describe the cognitive, emotional, psychophysiological, and psychosocial consequences of SLE infection.

Classification accuracy of the portland digit recognition test in traumatic brain injury.

This study examined the classification accuracy of the Portland Digit Recognition Test (PDRT) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). It differs from past studies in assigning patients to malingering and control groups on the basis of compensation-seeking status and the presence of external markers for malingering. Sensitivity and Specificity were.

The WCST-64: a standardized short-form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

The Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST) is a well-established measure of executive function. Practical and financial constraints have increased the need for abbreviated neuropsychological procedures. A number of abbreviated versions of the WCST have been introduced and cogent arguments can be made for one over another in certain situations.

Steps linking the photosynthetic light reactions to the biological clock require calcium.

The effect of modifying calcium concentration on the expression of the photosynthesis circadian rhythm was examined in Euglena gracilis, Klebs strain Z. Expression of the oxygen evolution rhythm required the presence of both extracellular and intracellular calcium. Several treatments were found to uncouple the rate of the light reactions from the biological clock.

Computational approaches to the identification of suspect toxic molecules.

We have presented computational approaches that can be used for the relatively rapid identification of suspect toxigens, including carcinogens, in two different classes of compounds: (a) halogenated olefins and epoxides, and (b) substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins. A common element in these approaches is the key role played by the molecular electrostatic potential. It is applied in two different ways, however; it is used to assess the reactivity of a specific site in the case of the epoxides, and for the dibenzo-p-dioxins the focus is on the overall pattern of negative regions above the molecular plane.

A possible second role for calmodulin in biological clock-controlled processes of euglena.

The response of the Euglena gracilis (Klebs strain Z) photosynthesis circadian rhythm to three calmodulin antagonists was examined. In the presence of an antagonist, the photosynthetic reactions were uncoupled from the biological clock. Instead of the highly predictable rhythmic pattern characteristic of a biological clock-controlled circadian rhythm, the photosynthetic rate appears to be influenced by the light/dark cycle.