Quantifying the Deficits of Body Water and Monovalent Cations in Hyperglycemic Emergencies.

Hyperglycemic emergencies cause significant losses of body water, sodium, and potassium. This report presents a method for computing the actual losses of water and monovalent cations in these emergencies. We developed formulas for computing the losses of water and monovalent cations as a function of the presenting serum sodium and glucose levels, the sum of the concentrations of sodium plus potassium in the lost fluids, and body water at the time of hyperglycemia presentation as measured by bioimpedance or in the initial euglycemic state as estimated by anthropometric formulas.

Bone Turnover Markers Predict Changes in Bone Mineral Density in Men Treated with Abaloparatide: Results from ATOM.

Early increases in bone turnover markers (BTMs) in response to anabolic therapy correlate with 18-month bone mineral density (BMD) increases in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis; however, this relationship has not been assessed in men. In this analysis, the correlation between changes from baseline in fasting intact serum procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP) and serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and percent increase from baseline in BMD at 12 months in men from the randomized phase 3 ATOM study (NCT03512262) were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. The uncoupling index (UI), a measure of the balance between markers of bone formation (PINP) and bone resorption (CTX), with positive UI favoring bone formation, was calculated.

Modeling of randomized hepatitis C vaccine trials: Bridging the gap between controlled human infection models and real-word testing.

Global elimination of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) remains difficult without an effective vaccine. Since injection drug use is the leading cause of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in Western Europe and North America, people who inject drugs (PWID) are an important population for testing HCV vaccine effectiveness in randomized-clinical trials (RCTs). However, RCTs in PWID are inherently challenging.

Diagnostic Impact of Subcutaneous Edema in Gouty Feet Detected by Dual-Energy Computed Tomography and Ultrasound.

: The objective of our study was to evaluate the association and frequency of subcutaneous lymphedema in patients with gout primarily affecting the feet. : In 79 patients with acute gout, ultrasound (US) and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) were performed to assess the presence of subcutaneous edema and extra- and intra-articular gouty deposits. In addition, the diagnostic utility of two post-processing DECT protocols were evaluated, comprising different minimum attenuation thresholds of 150 HU (DECT 150 protocol) and 120 HU (DECT 120 protocol), with the same maximum attenuation threshold (500 HU) and constant kilovoltage setting of tubes A and B at 80 and 140 kVp.

Artificial Oxygen Carriers Save Lives in Expanded Access Use: Three Cases when Blood Was Not an Option.

Clinical Features: Sickle cell patients may develop a multitude of antibodies and experience life-threatening events with transfusion such as hyperhemolysis syndrome or delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction. Further transfusion may not be possible in such cases.

Therapeutic Challenge: When conventional blood products are not available for transfusion yet the patient requires additional oxygen-carrying support, artificial oxygen carriers may be required.

Effectiveness of a single dose of oral cholera vaccine: findings from epidemiological and genomic surveillance of in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (PICHA7 Program).

This study investigated whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (kOCV) single-dose effectiveness and transmission dynamics of through 4 years of epidemiological and genomic surveillance in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Whole genome sequencing was performed on clinical and water strains from 200 patient households and found annual bimodal peaks of clade AFR10e. 1154 diarrhea patients were enrolled with 342 culture confirmed cholera patients.

Single-nucleus and spatial landscape of the sub-ventricular zone in human glioblastoma.

The sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) is the most well-characterized neurogenic area in the mammalian brain. We previously showed that in 65% of patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the SVZ is a reservoir of cancer stem-like cells that contribute to treatment resistance and the emergence of recurrence. Here, we build a single-nucleus RNA-sequencing-based microenvironment landscape of the tumor mass and the SVZ of 15 patients and two histologically normal SVZ samples as controls.

Augmentation of Interstitial Cystitis-Bladder Pain Syndrome Treatment With Meditation and Yoga: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To investigate whether yoga and meditation added to usual care improves treatment response in women with interstitial cystitis-bladder pain syndrome.

Methods: This randomized trial compared women with interstitial cystitis-bladder pain syndrome receiving standard care alone (control group) with those receiving standard care plus meditation and yoga (mind-body group). Standard care was defined as behavioral changes or medications recommended by the American Urological Association.

ATG9A facilitates the closure of mammalian autophagosomes.

Canonical autophagy captures within specialized double-membrane organelles, termed autophagosomes, an array of cytoplasmic components destined for lysosomal degradation. An autophagosome is completed when the growing phagophore undergoes ESCRT-dependent membrane closure, a prerequisite for its subsequent fusion with endolysosomal organelles and degradation of the sequestered cargo. ATG9A, a key integral membrane protein of the autophagy pathway, is best known for its role in the formation and expansion of phagophores.

A descriptive examination of rurality in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort: Implications, illustrations, and future directions.

Purpose: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort has enrolled over 60,000 children to examine how early environmental factors (broadly defined) are associated with key child health outcomes. The ECHO Cohort may be well-positioned to contribute to our understanding of rural environments and contexts, which has implications for rural health disparities research. The present study examined the outcome of child obesity to not only illustrate the suitability of ECHO Cohort data for these purposes but also determine how various definitions of rural and urban populations impact the presentation of findings and their interpretation.

Leveraging the Clinical Translational Science Award Network to Advance Family Medicine Research.

In this commentary, the authors present opportunities for the family medicine's strategic plan for research to build and expand research infrastructure by leveraging the federally funded Clinical and Translational Science and Clinical and Translational Research Awards programs. These include engaging patients and communities historically underrepresented in research throughout the research design, development, implementation, and dissemination process; building and expanding practice-based research networks; leveraging research resources, facilities, trainings, and mentorship opportunities; obtaining pilot funding; using informatics expertise to improve care quality; and embedding dissemination and implementation science expertise to promote the use of evidence-based interventions in real world clinical primary care settings.

A cell-based Papain-like Protease (PLpro) activity assay for rapid detection of active SARS-CoV-2 infections and antivirals.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants are a continuous threat to human life. An urgent need remains for simple and fast tests that reliably detect active infections with SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in the early stage of infection. Here we introduce a simple and rapid activity-based diagnostic (ABDx) test that identifies SARS-CoV-2 infections by measuring the activity of a viral enzyme, Papain-Like protease (PLpro).

Integrated Behavioral Health: A Curriculum for Residents in Rural and Community Psychiatry.

Introduction: Mental health and substance use disorders are common in the United States; however, only a portion of adults with these conditions receive treatment. Recent recommendations include using integrated behavioral health (IBH) models to increase patient access to care. Despite IBH's effectiveness, few psychiatry residents are trained in it.

Analysis of 30-day hospital readmissions and related risk factors for COVID-19 patients with myocarditis hospitalized in the United States during 2020.

Background: Despite extensive research on COVID-19 and its association with myocarditis, limited data are available on readmission rates for this subset of patients. Thirty-day hospital readmission rate is an established quality metric that is associated with increased mortality and cost.

Methods: This retrospective analysis utilized the Nationwide Readmission Database for the year 2020 to evaluate 30-day hospital readmission rates, risk factors, and clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients who presented with myocarditis at their index hospitalization.

Positive Margin Rates in Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Malignancies: A National Analysis.

Objective: Oral cavity malignancies (OCC) and oropharyngeal malignancies (OPC) historically have higher rates of positive surgical margins (PSM) compared to other solid malignancies. The objective of this study is to understand trends and predictors in positive surgical margins (PSM) for OPSCC and OCSCC using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Engaging With New Mexico's County and Tribal Health Councils: Practical Implications From a Co-created Online Resource to Enhance Academic and Community Collaboration Toward Health Initiatives.

The Community-based Participatory Research (CBPR) model fosters equitable partnerships between communities and academic institutions to promote health equity. This model emphasizes shared control over all phases of the research process and recognizes the limited power and inequalities experienced by marginalized communities. At our institution, Community Engagement Liaison Specialists (CELS) build relationships with New Mexico communities, guided by CBPR principles.

Prehospital Trauma Compendium: Vasopressors in Trauma - a Position Statement and Resource Document of NAEMSP.

Acutely injured trauma patients may develop shock from several potential mechanisms, including hypovolemic shock from hemorrhage, neurogenic shock from traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury, obstructive shock from tension pneumothorax or pericardial tamponade, or a mix of several of these mechanisms. Regardless of the cause, restoration of adequate perfusion is of critical importance to reduce the morbidity and mortality of trauma patients with shock. Multiple interventions including hemorrhage control, volume resuscitation with intravenous fluids or blood products, and pleural decompression procedures are used to address some of these issues and are discussed elsewhere in the trauma compendium.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy as a modulator of aging and longevity.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is the lysosomal degradation of individually selected proteins, independent of vesicle fusion. CMA is a central part of the proteostasis network in vertebrate cells. However, CMA is also a negative regulator of anabolism, and it degrades enzymes required for glycolysis, lipogenesis, and translation at the cytoplasmic ribosome.

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Transient Systemic Hypoxia-Ischemia Result in Subtle Alterations in Dendritic Complexity in Medial Frontal Cortical Neurons in Juvenile and Young Adult Rat Offspring in a Pilot Study.

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental deficits resulting in impaired executive functioning and motor control. Intriguingly, PAE has been linked with an increased risk of transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia (TSHI), which alone results in suboptimal fetal growth and neurodevelopmental consequences. Here, using two translationally relevant preclinical models, we investigated the short-term and lasting effects of PAE and TSHI on the morphology of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a region important in executive function, and tested whether PAE interacts with TSHI to produce a distinct pattern of injury relative to either condition alone.

Using Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches to Inform Development of Culturally Appropriate Cancer Informational Materials for the Pueblo of Zuni.

American Indians (AIs) experience continued disparities in incidence, mortality, and survival on cancers responsive to early screening in the USA. In New Mexico, AIs compared with other racial/ethnic populations are substantially less likely to adhere to recommended screening guidelines. Our study focuses on increasing cancer awareness using culturally, linguistically, and health literacy appropriate informational materials.

The Rise, Fall, and Readjustment of Telehealth: Effect of COVID-19 on its Use in an Academic Health Clinic.

Background: The COVID pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth. Long-term implications for continued telehealth use on a large scale in primary care are still emerging, and the key to this understanding is how telehealth adoption impacts the delivery of health care.

Objectives: Our objective was to quantify how telehealth adoption during the pandemic impacted patients' access to healthcare and the usage patterns of different access modalities (in-office, audio, and video).

Connectivity of the neuronal network for contextual fear memory is disrupted in a mouse model of third-trimester binge-like ethanol exposure.

Background: In rodents, third-trimester-equivalent alcohol exposure (TTAE) produces significant deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory processes such as contextual fear conditioning (CFC). The present study sought to characterize changes in both behavior and Fos neurons following CFC in ethanol (EtOH)-treated versus saline-treated mice using TRAP2:Ai14 mice that permanently label Fos neurons following a tamoxifen injection. We hypothesized that TTAE would produce long-lasting disruptions to the networks engaged following CFC with a particular emphasis on the limbic memory system.

Using ICD Codes Alone May Misclassify Overdoses Among Perinatal People.

Introduction: As perinatal drug overdoses continue to rise, reliable approaches are needed to monitor overdose trends during pregnancy and postpartum. This analysis aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ICD-9/10-CM codes for drug overdose events among people in the MATernaL and Infant clinical NetworK (MAT-LINK) with medication for opioid use disorder during pregnancy.

Methods: People included in this analysis had electronic health record documentation of medication for opioid use disorder and a known pregnancy outcome from January 1, 2014, through August 31, 2021.