Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Is Associated With Cognitive Functioning in Normal Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cognitive functioning in healthy older adults and individuals with neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods And Results: A total of 124 participants with Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular disease, or a mix Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular diseases and 55 controlparticipants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing. BBB permeability was measured with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and white matter injury was measured using a quantitative diffusion-tensor imaging marker of white matter injury.

Modified cadaver technique to simulate contaminated airway scenarios to train medical providers in suction-assisted laryngoscopy and airway decontamination.

Simulation training plays a vital role in modern medical education, fostering safe skill development. Task-trainer manikin and cadaveric airway management training (CAMT) offer realistic airway management practice. Simulation allows learners the opportunity to manage high-risk, low-frequency scenarios, including difficult airways and massive airway contamination, common in emergent airway management.

Comparison of the nutrient composition of eggs produced in the Guatemalan highlands during the wet and dry seasons.

The potential of chicken eggs as a nutritionally complete protein and source of key micronutrients during the first 1000 days post-conception has been progressively recognized across the globe, particularly in resource-poor settings. Fluctuation of egg nutrient content by season is relatively unknown, which may influence international food composition databases and outcomes in intervention studies using egg supplementation. To better interpret the findings of The Saqmolo' Project, we conducted comprehensive nutrient analyses on eggs produced during the wet and dry seasons in the highlands of central Guatemala.

Association between capnography and recovery time after procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department.

Aim: Capnography is recommended for use in procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA); however, limited studies assess its impact on recovery time. We investigated the association between capnography and the recovery time of PSA in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of a multicenter PSA patient registry including eight hospitals in Japan.

Decision-making for pediatric cervical spine imaging after blunt trauma: Investigating team dynamics in the emergency department.

Objective: Cervical spine imaging decision-making for pediatric traumas is complex and multidisciplinary. Implementing a risk assessment tool has the potential to reduce variation in these decisions and unnecessary radiation exposure for pediatric patients. We sought to determine how emergency department-trauma team dynamics may affect implementation of such a tool.

Blood Pressure Variability in Clinical Practice: Past, Present and the Future.

Recent advances in wearable technology through convenient and cuffless systems will enable continuous, noninvasive monitoring of blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and heart rhythm on both longitudinal 24-hour measurement scales and high-frequency beat-to-beat BP variability and synchronous heart rate variability and changes in underlying heart rhythm. Clinically, BP variability is classified into 4 main types on the basis of the duration of monitoring time: very-short-term (beat to beat), short-term (within 24 hours), medium-term (within days), and long-term (over months and years). BP variability is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline, and mental illness.

Incidence of adverse events for procedural sedation and analgesia for cardioversion using thiopental in elderly patients: a multicenter prospective observational study.

Aim: The incidence and characteristics of thiopental-related adverse events (AEs) in elderly patients during procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) have not been well studied. We aimed to characterize thiopental-related AE in elderly patients during PSA and compare the incidence of AE in elderly patients with non-elderly adults.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Japanese Procedural Sedation and Analgesia Registry (JPSTAR).

Scheduling practices for pregnant emergency medicine residents.

Background: Night shift work is associated with adverse pathophysiologic effects on maternal and fetal well-being. Although emergency medicine (EM) residents work frequent night shifts, there is no existing guidance for residency program directors (PDs) regarding scheduling pregnant residents. Our study assessed scheduling practices for pregnant EM residents, differences based on program and PD characteristics, barriers and attitudes toward implementing a formal scheduling policy, and PDs' awareness of literature describing adverse effects of night shifts on maternal-fetal outcomes.

The RPL/RPS gene signature of melanoma CTCs associates with brain metastasis.

Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) is linked to poor prognosis and low overall survival. We hypothesized that melanoma circulating tumor cells (CTCs) possess a gene signature significantly expressed and associated with MBM. Employing a multi-pronged approach, we provide first-time evidence identifying a common CTC gene signature for ribosomal protein large/small subunits (RPL/RPS) which associate with MBM onset and progression.

Current Guidelines for Classifying and Diagnosing Cervical Dystonia: Empirical Evidence and Recommendations.

Background: The dystonias are phenotypically and etiologically heterogenous disorders. Many proposals and a consensus recommendation have been provided for the diagnosis and classification of the dystonias, but these recommendations serve only as general guidelines. Current diagnosis and classification may still depend on clinical judgment causing different opinions.

Disseminated Nocardia infection-A rare presentation.

Nocardia infection is rare and requires early diagnosis, extended use of sulfonamides for good prognosis, and prevention of recurrence. It is crucial to suspect nocardiosis in cases of atypical pneumonias or unexplained visceral organ dysfunction.

Aerosol generation with various approaches to oxygenation in healthy volunteers in the emergency department.

Objectives: Health care workers experience an uncertain risk of aerosol exposure during patient oxygenation. To improve our understanding of these risks, we sought to measure aerosol production during various approaches to oxygenation in healthy volunteers in an emergency department.

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in an empty patient room in an academic ED.

G-CSF and G-CSFR Modulate CD4 and CD8 T Cell Responses to Promote Colon Tumor Growth and Are Potential Therapeutic Targets.

Cytokines are known to shape the tumor microenvironment and although progress has been made in understanding their role in carcinogenesis, much remains to learn regarding their role in tumor growth and progression. We have identified granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as one such cytokine, showing that G-CSF is linked with metastasis in human gastrointestinal tumors and neutralizing G-CSF in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer is protective. Here, we set out to identify the role of G-CSF and its receptor, G-CSFR, in CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in the tumor microenvironment.

Novel Models of Hepatitis C Virus Care Delivery: Telemedicine, Project ECHO, and Integrative Care.

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Estimation of Long-Term Efficacy of Denosumab Treatment in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: A FRAX- and Virtual Twin-Based Post Hoc Analysis From the FREEDOM and FREEDOM Extension Trials.

The 3-year placebo-controlled FREEDOM (Fracture REduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months) trial established the antifracture efficacy of denosumab in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The 7-year open-label extension demonstrated that denosumab treatment for up to 10 years was associated with low rates of adverse events and low fracture incidence. The extension lacked a long-term control group, thus limiting the ability to fully evaluate long-term efficacy.

Loss of acid-sensing ion channel 2 enhances pulmonary vascular resistance and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are voltage-insensitive cation channels that contribute to cellular excitability. We previously reported that ASIC1 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) contribute to pulmonary vasoreactivity and vascular remodeling during the development of chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension. However, the roles of ASIC2 and ASIC3 in regulation of pulmonary vasoreactivity and the development of CH-induced pulmonary hypertension are unknown.

Subclinical cerebral edema in diabetic ketoacidosis in children.

Subclinical cerebral edema in diabetic ketoacidosis tends to manifest with subtle neurological symptoms including headache, lethargy, or disorientation and a Glasgow Coma Scale of 14-15. Treatment of subclinical cerebral edema with hyperosmolar therapy for persistent symptoms is associated with good outcomes.

Characterization of long-term gait deficits in mouse dMCAO, using the CatWalk system.

Evaluation of functional outcome is widely used across species to assess the recovery process following various pathological conditions, including spinal cord injury, musculo-skeletal injury, mithochondrial disease, neuropathic cancer, Huntington's disease, chronic pain, cortical lesion, and olivocerebellar degeneration among others. The Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) recommends multiple endpoints for behavioral studies in pre-clinical stroke research, to demonstrate their clinical relevance. One of the more challenging tasks in experimental stroke research is measuring long-term functional outcome in mice.

The rs4646 and rs12592697 Polymorphisms in Are Associated with Disease Progression among Patients with Breast Cancer from Different Racial/Ethnic Backgrounds.

Given the racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer, we evaluated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on disease progression in women with breast cancer from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from 327 women with breast cancer in the Expanded Breast Cancer Registry program of the University of New Mexico. Stored DNA samples were analyzed for SNPs using a custom designed microarray panel.

Effect of Spatial Inhomogeneities on the Membrane Surface on Receptor Dimerization and Signal Initiation.

Important signal transduction pathways originate on the plasma membrane, where microdomains may transiently entrap diffusing receptors. This results in a non-random distribution of receptors even in the resting state, which can be visualized as "clusters" by high resolution imaging methods. Here, we explore how spatial in-homogeneities in the plasma membrane might influence the dimerization and phosphorylation status of ErbB2 and ErbB3, two receptor tyrosine kinases that preferentially heterodimerize and are often co-expressed in cancer.

Third Trimester Equivalent Alcohol Exposure Reduces Modulation of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission by 5-HT1A Receptors in the Rat Hippocampal CA3 Region.

Fetal alcohol exposure has been associated with many neuropsychiatric disorders that have been linked to altered serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) signaling, including depression and anxiety. During the first 2 weeks of postnatal life in rodents (equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy) 5-HT neurons undergo significant functional maturation and their axons reach target regions in the forebrain (e.g.