Positive Margin Rates in Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Malignancies: A National Analysis.

Objective: Oral cavity malignancies (OCC) and oropharyngeal malignancies (OPC) historically have higher rates of positive surgical margins (PSM) compared to other solid malignancies. The objective of this study is to understand trends and predictors in positive surgical margins (PSM) for OPSCC and OCSCC using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Measurement Properties of the Dysphagiameter for the Assessment of Dysphagia in Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy.

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare late-onset muscle disease with progressive dysphagia as a major symptom. The Dysphagiameter is a newly developed patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to assess the severity of dysphagia and its impact in patients with OPMD. This article reports on item reduction and a first assessment of the Dysphagiameter's psychometrics properties, in a French and English-speaking population of individuals with OPMD.

Predicting dyslipidemia in Chinese elderly adults using dietary behaviours and machine learning algorithms.

Objectives: We aimed to predict dyslipidemia risk in elderly Chinese adults using machine learning and dietary analysis for public health.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study includes 13,668 Chinese adults aged 65 or older from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.

Methods: Dyslipidemia prediction was carried out using a variety of machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Adaptive Boosting Classifier (AdaBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), as well as conventional logistic regression (LR).

Engaging With New Mexico's County and Tribal Health Councils: Practical Implications From a Co-created Online Resource to Enhance Academic and Community Collaboration Toward Health Initiatives.

The Community-based Participatory Research (CBPR) model fosters equitable partnerships between communities and academic institutions to promote health equity. This model emphasizes shared control over all phases of the research process and recognizes the limited power and inequalities experienced by marginalized communities. At our institution, Community Engagement Liaison Specialists (CELS) build relationships with New Mexico communities, guided by CBPR principles.

A RAPID DIAGNOSTIC PCR ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI IN THEIR SNAIL VECTORS.

Accurate detection of schistosome infections in snails is vital for epidemiologic and laboratory studies. Traditional microscopy methods to detect schistosomes in snails are hindered by long prepatent periods and snail survivorship, leading to inaccurate assessment of infections. A rapid, multiplexed PCR assay targeting Biomphalaria sudanica or Biomphalaria glabrata (internal control) and Schistosoma mansoni DNA is described.

Consistent frontal-limbic-occipital connections in distinguishing treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Background And Hypothesis: Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TR-SZ) and non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia (NTR-SZ) lack specific biomarkers to distinguish from each other. This investigation aims to identify consistent dysfunctional brain connections with different atlases, multiple feature selection strategies, and several classifiers in distinguishing TR-SZ and NTR-SZ.

Study Design: 55 TR-SZs, 239 NTR-SZs, and 87 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.

A retrospective review of infant-inducible laryngeal obstruction a subtype of paradoxical vocal fold motion: Evaluation and management.

Introduction: There is a paucity of literature on pre-adolescent paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM), PVFM is a sub-type of inducible laryngeal obstruction. Studies typically focus on older patients, however the discovery of this entity in pre-adolescent pediatric patients has led to more questions about how this entity manifests differently and is treated differently in younger populations. Initially considered psychosomatic and commonly mistaken for asthma, PVFM etiology is now thought to be associated underlying neurologic conditions and may have irritant triggers with proposed mechanisms related to laryngeal hypersensitivity.

The RNA-binding protein Modulo promotes neural stem cell maintenance in Drosophila.

A small population of stem cells in the developing Drosophila central nervous system generates the large number of different cell types that make up the adult brain. To achieve this, these neural stem cells (neuroblasts, NBs) divide asymmetrically to produce non-identical daughter cells. The balance between stem cell self-renewal and neural differentiation is regulated by various cellular machinery, including transcription factors, chromatin remodelers, and RNA-binding proteins.

Loss of MK2 Enhances Radiation-Mediated Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer patients unable to receive cystectomy or who choose to pursue organ-sparing approach are managed with definitive (chemo)radiotherapy. However, this standard of care has not evolved in decades and disease recurrence and survival outcomes remain poor. Identifying novel therapies to combine with radiotherapy (RT) is therefore paramount to improve overall patient outcomes and survival.

Plasma transfusion in the intensive care unit.

Background: Current guidelines discourage prophylactic plasma use in non-bleeding patients. This study assesses global plasma transfusion practices in the intensive care unit (ICU) and their alignment with current guidelines.

Study Design And Methods: This was a sub-study of an international, prospective, observational cohort.

Knockout of AMPA receptor binding protein Neuron-specific gene 2 (NSG2) enhances associative learning and cognitive flexibility.

The vast majority of gene mutations and/or gene knockouts result in either no observable changes, or significant deficits in molecular, cellular, or organismal function. However, in a small number of cases, mutant animal models display enhancements in specific behaviors such as learning and memory. To date, most gene deletions shown to enhance cognitive ability generally affect a limited number of pathways such as NMDA receptor- and translation-dependent plasticity, or GABA receptor- and potassium channel-mediated inhibition.

Prehospital Trauma Compendium: Vasopressors in Trauma - a Position Statement and Resource Document of NAEMSP.

Acutely injured trauma patients may develop shock from several potential mechanisms, including hypovolemic shock from hemorrhage, neurogenic shock from traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury, obstructive shock from tension pneumothorax or pericardial tamponade, or a mix of several of these mechanisms. Regardless of the cause, restoration of adequate perfusion is of critical importance to reduce the morbidity and mortality of trauma patients with shock. Multiple interventions including hemorrhage control, volume resuscitation with intravenous fluids or blood products, and pleural decompression procedures are used to address some of these issues and are discussed elsewhere in the trauma compendium.

Causes of mortality following PCI: the University of New Mexico hospital experience.

Background: Mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains a problem. Clinical databases such as the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data CathPCI Registry do not contain enough information to determine the specific cause of death after PCI, and thus are not able to identify opportunities for improvement (OFIs) that might have prevented the death of specific patients. We reviewed cases of death after coronary intervention to identify specific OFIs.

White matter free water mediates the associations between placental growth factor, white matter hyperintensities, and cognitive status.

Introduction: Placental growth factor (PlGF) may regulate cerebrovascular permeability. We hypothesized that white matter interstitial fluid accumulation, estimated via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) free water (FW), would explain the associations between elevated PlGF, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and cognitive impairment.

Methods: MarkVCID consortium participants ≥55 years old with plasma PlGF and brain MRI were included.

Rectosigmoid Junction Cancer; The Role of Preoperative and Postoperative Radiation With Novel Nomogram in Predicting Survival in the United States.

Background: There is controversy and limited data the management of rectosigmoid junction cancer (RSJC), especially the role of radiation. We aim to investigate the role of preoperative and postoperative radiation in RSJC and whether this cancer should be treated as a colon cancer or as a rectal cancer.

Methods: The data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and identified from 2000 to 2018.

Generative Artificial Intellegence (AI) in Pathology and Medicine: A Deeper Dive.

This review article builds upon the introductory piece in our seven-part series, delving deeper into the transformative potential of generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) in pathology and medicine. The article explores the applications of Gen AI models in pathology and medicine, including the use of custom chatbots for diagnostic report generation, synthetic image synthesis for training new models, dataset augmentation, hypothetical scenario generation for educational purposes, and the use of multimodal along with multi-agent models. This article also provides an overview of the common categories within generative AI models, discussing open-source and closed-source models, as well as specific examples of popular models such as GPT-4, Llama, Mistral, DALL-E, Stable Diffusion and their associated frameworks (e.

The role of the JunD-RhoH axis in the pathogenesis of hairy cell leukemia and its ability to identify existing therapeutics that could be repurposed to treat relapsed or refractory disease.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an indolent malignancy of mature B-lymphocytes. While existing front-line therapies achieve excellent initial results, a significant number of patients relapse and become increasingly treatment resistant. A major molecular driver of HCL is aberrant interlocking expression of the transcription factor JunD and the intracellular signaling molecule RhoH.

The kidney under heat stress: a vulnerable state.

Purpose Of Review: This review examines the effects of occupational heat stress on kidney health. It focuses on the role of hyperthermia in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its potential progression to chronic kidney disease of nontraditional etiology (CKDnt). We highlight the physiological mechanisms by which hyperthermia affects kidney function and discuss emerging preventive strategies.

Identification of Predictors of Shift Work Adaptation and Its Association With Immune, Hormonal and Metabolite Biomarkers.

We explored predictors of shift work adaptation and how it relates to disease risk biomarker levels. These analyses included 38 male, rotating shift workers, sampled twice at the end of a 3-week night shift and a 3-week day shift rotation. Participants collected all 24-h urine voids, wore activity sensors, and responded to questionnaires during each shift.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy as a modulator of aging and longevity.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is the lysosomal degradation of individually selected proteins, independent of vesicle fusion. CMA is a central part of the proteostasis network in vertebrate cells. However, CMA is also a negative regulator of anabolism, and it degrades enzymes required for glycolysis, lipogenesis, and translation at the cytoplasmic ribosome.

The Effects of a Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract on Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity and Inflammatory Mediators in the Lungs of Heavy Active and Former Smokers.

Grape seed procyanidin extract (GSE) is widely used to promote cardiovascular health and has purported anti-inflammatory properties. Chronic inflammation in the lungs caused by environmental toxins such as tobacco smoking plays a pivotal role in lung cancer development. In a modified phase I lung cancer chemoprevention study conducted in heavy active and former smokers using leucoselect phytosome (LP), a standardized grape seed procyanidin extract complexed with soy phospholipids to enhance bioavailability, three months of LP treatment favorably modulated a variety of surrogate endpoint biomarkers, including markers of cell proliferation.

Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Transient Systemic Hypoxia-Ischemia Result in Subtle Alterations in Dendritic Complexity in Medial Frontal Cortical Neurons in Juvenile and Young Adult Rat Offspring in a Pilot Study.

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental deficits resulting in impaired executive functioning and motor control. Intriguingly, PAE has been linked with an increased risk of transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia (TSHI), which alone results in suboptimal fetal growth and neurodevelopmental consequences. Here, using two translationally relevant preclinical models, we investigated the short-term and lasting effects of PAE and TSHI on the morphology of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a region important in executive function, and tested whether PAE interacts with TSHI to produce a distinct pattern of injury relative to either condition alone.

Using Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches to Inform Development of Culturally Appropriate Cancer Informational Materials for the Pueblo of Zuni.

American Indians (AIs) experience continued disparities in incidence, mortality, and survival on cancers responsive to early screening in the USA. In New Mexico, AIs compared with other racial/ethnic populations are substantially less likely to adhere to recommended screening guidelines. Our study focuses on increasing cancer awareness using culturally, linguistically, and health literacy appropriate informational materials.