Neuropathology of Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Forensic Setting: Novel Application of Imaging in Analysis of Brain Microvasculature.

Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, there are few published accounts of postmortem SARS-CoV-2 pathology in children. We report 8 such cases (4 infants aged 7-36 weeks, 4 children aged 5-15 years). Four underwent magnetic resonance neuroimaging, to assist in identification of subtle lesions related to vascular compromise.

Transcriptional and Pathological Host Responses to Coinfection with Virulent or Attenuated Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus in Chickens.

The avian pathogen , the etiological agent of chronic respiratory disease in chickens, exhibits enhanced pathogenesis in the presence of a copathogen such as low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV). To further investigate the intricacies of this copathogenesis, chickens were monoinfected or coinfected with either virulent strain R or LPAIV H3N8 (A/duck/Ukraine/1963), with assessment of tracheal histopathology, pathogen load, and transcriptomic host responses to infection by RNA sequencing. Chickens coinfected with R followed by LPAIV H3N8 exhibited significantly more severe tracheal lesions and mucosal thickening than chickens infected with LPAIV H3N8 alone and greater viral loads than chickens infected first with H3N8 and subsequently with R Recovery of live was significantly higher in chickens infected first with LPAIV H3N8 and then with R, compared to chickens given a mock infection followed by R The transcriptional responses to monoinfection and coinfection with and LPAIV highlighted the involvement of differential expression of genes such as Toll-like receptor 15, Toll-like receptor 21, and matrix metallopeptidase 1.

Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction: A Technical Algorithm.

Despite falling out of favor in the 1970s, prepectoral breast reconstruction has resurfaced in the recent years as a safe and effective alternative to subpectoral/partial subpectoral breast reconstruction in carefully selected patients. This article outlines an algorithmic technical approach to prepectoral breast reconstruction for new patients and revision patients.

Association of a Communication Training Program With Use of Antipsychotics in Nursing Homes.

Importance: Off-label antipsychotic prescribing in nursing homes (NHs) is common and is associated with increased risk of mortality in older adults. Prior large-scale, controlled trials in the NH setting failed to show meaningful reductions in antipsychotic use.

Objective: To quantify the influence of a large-scale communication training program on NH antipsychotic use called OASIS.

Building international partnerships through an on-line humor exchange.

The Maine/Komi Online Collaborative (MKOC) provides an online learning tool for high school students in Franklin County, Maine, and Komi, Russia. The tool, or "Humor Exchange," teaches students to use positive humor to manage stress and provide social support. Rural, disadvantaged students also become more competitive to enter college due to the language and multicultural experiences.

Emergency medicine in the Comoros Islands.

The Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros lies off between Madagascar and the Southeast Coast of Africa, and comprises a group of three islands with a total population of 651,901. The average annual income per capita is US$ 470 and life expectancies at birth are 59.3 years for men and 63.

Effects of ozone treatment on the infectivity of hepatitis A virus.

The inactivation of a large-focus-forming variant of hepatitis A virus (HM-175) by ozone was investigated. Experiments using mainly single-particle virus preparations suspended in phosphate-carbonate buffer were conducted over a range of pH levels (6-8) at 4 degrees C. Viral enumerations involved the use of a radioimmunofocus assay.