Pollinators and herbivores interactively shape selection on strawberry defence and attraction.

Tripartite interactions between plants, herbivores, and pollinators hold fitness consequences for most angiosperms. However, little is known on how plants evolve in response-and in particular what the net selective outcomes are for traits of shared relevance to pollinators and herbivores. In this study, we manipulated herbivory ("presence" and "absence" treatments) and pollination ("open" and "hand pollination" treatments) in a full factorial common-garden experiment with woodland strawberry ( L.

Shedding light on predicting and controlling emission chromaticity in multicomponent photoluminescent systems.

Predictable colour tuning in multicomponent photoluminescent (PL) systems is achieved using mixtures of simultaneously emitting organic molecules. By mitigating the potential for energy transfer through the control of concentration, the resulting emission chromaticity of five dichromic PL systems is approximated as a linear combination of the emitting components and their corresponding brightness ( , , and ). Despite being limited to dilute solutions (10 M), colour tuning within these systems was controlled by (1) varying the composition of the components and (2) exploiting the differences in the components' excitation intensities at common wavelengths.

The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire: A cross-country examination among university students in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Argentina, and the United States.

Background: The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ) was designed to measure alcohol consequences and identify at-risk students. It was developed and originally validated among university students in the United States (U.S.

Photosynthetic parameters and stomatal conductance in attached and detached balsam fir foliage.

Leaf level gas-exchange measurements can be made on detached foliage to address the challenge of access to the crown of tall trees. However, detachment may impact leaf gas exchange. This necessitates the study of gas-exchange characteristics of foliage on detached branches to assess the feasibility of using detached branches for gas-exchange analysis.

Roost sites of chimney swift () form large-scale spatial networks.

Several biodiversity-centered metrics exist to quantify the importance of landscape and habitat features for conservation efforts. However, for species whose habitat use is not quantified by these metrics, such as those in urban areas, we need a method to best identify features for targeted conservation efforts. We investigated the use of social network analysis (SNA) to identify and quantify these critical habitat features.

Innovation for Positive Sustainable Legacy From Mega Sports Events: Virtual Reality as a Tool for Social Inclusion Legacy for Paris 2024 Paralympic Games.

There is significant interest in how sports events and their associated legacies could act as a platform to address global challenges and engender social change. The United Nations (UN) has acknowledged the important role that sport plays in supporting the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Olympic movement could be argued as central to that objective. Yet critical questions and concerns have been raised about the growing expenditure, viability, long term legacy, and impacts of mega sports events such as the Olympic Games.

Identifying key questions in the ecology and evolution of cancer.

The application of evolutionary and ecological principles to cancer prevention and treatment, as well as recognizing cancer as a selection force in nature, has gained impetus over the last 50 years. Following the initial theoretical approaches that combined knowledge from interdisciplinary fields, it became clear that using the eco-evolutionary framework is of key importance to understand cancer. We are now at a pivotal point where accumulating evidence starts to steer the future directions of the discipline and allows us to underpin the key challenges that remain to be addressed.

Predator community and resource use jointly modulate the inducible defense response in body height of crucian carp.

Phenotypic plasticity can be expressed as changes in body shape in response to environmental variability. Crucian carp (), a widespread cyprinid, displays remarkable plasticity in body morphology and increases body depth when exposed to cues from predators, suggesting the triggering of an antipredator defense mechanism. However, these morphological changes could also be related to resource use and foraging behavior, as an indirect effect of predator presence.

Evidence for a Diagenetic Origin of Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars: Summary and Synthesis of 's Exploration Campaign.

This paper provides an overview of the rover's exploration at Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) and summarizes the science results. VRR is a distinct geomorphic feature on lower Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mount Sharp) that was identified in orbital data based on its distinct texture, topographic expression, and association with a hematite spectral signature. conducted extensive remote sensing observations, acquired data on dozens of contact science targets, and drilled three outcrop samples from the ridge, as well as one outcrop sample immediately below the ridge.

The promoter sequences of lettuce cis-prenyltransferase and its binding protein specify gene expression in laticifers.

Promoters of lettuce cis-prenyltransferase 3 (LsCPT3) and CPT-binding protein 2 (LsCBP2) specify gene expression in laticifers, as supported by in situ β-glucuronidase stains and microsection analysis. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) has articulated laticifers alongside vascular bundles. In the cytoplasm of laticifers, natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) is synthesized by cis-prenyltransferase (LsCPT3) and CPT-binding protein (LsCBP2), both of which form an enzyme complex.

Recent developments in voltammetric and amperometric sensors for cysteine detection.

This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the voltammetric and amperometric sensing of cysteine (Cys). The introduction summarizes the important role of Cys as an essential amino acid, techniques for its sensing, and the utilization of electrochemical methods and chemically modified electrodes for its determination. The main section covers voltammetric and amperometric sensing of Cys based on glassy carbon electrodes, screen printed electrodes, and carbon paste electrodes, modified with various electrocatalytic materials.

Participation in Drinking Games and Predrinking Among University Students in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand.

Aims: The limited existing research on drinking games and predrinking among university students in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand suggests that participation in these risky drinking practices is relatively widespread among this population. Drinking norms and alcohol use can vary across countries and in different regions of the globe. The measurement of drinking games and predrinking participation between studies also differs, making cross-country comparisons difficult.

The effects of taxonomy, diet, and ecology on the microbiota of riverine macroinvertebrates.

Freshwater macroinvertebrates play key ecological roles in riverine food webs, such as the transfer of nutrients to consumers and decomposition of organic matter. Although local habitat quality drives macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance, little is known about their microbiota. In most animals, the microbiota provides benefits, such as increasing the rate at which nutrients are metabolized, facilitating immune system development, and defending against pathogenic attack.

Recent developments in conducting polymers: applications for electrochemistry.

Scientists have categorized conductive polymers as materials having strongly reversible redox behavior and uncommon combined features of plastics and metal. Because of their multifunctional characteristics, , simplistic synthesis, acceptable environmental stability, beneficial optical, electronic, and mechanical features, researchers have largely considered them for diverse applications. Therefore, their capability of catalyzing several electrode reactions has been introduced as one of their significant features.

Evidence for Multiple Diagenetic Episodes in Ancient Fluvial-Lacustrine Sedimentary Rocks in Gale Crater, Mars.

The rover's exploration of rocks and soils in Gale crater has provided diverse geochemical and mineralogical data sets, underscoring the complex geological history of the region. We report the crystalline, clay mineral, and amorphous phase distributions of four Gale crater rocks from an 80-m stratigraphic interval. The mineralogy of the four samples is strongly influenced by aqueous alteration processes, including variations in water chemistries, redox, pH, and temperature.

Agent-based modelling reveals strategies to reduce the fitness and metastatic potential of circulating tumour cell clusters.

Metastasis-the ability of cancer cells to disperse throughout the body and establish new tumours at distant locations-is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. Although both single and clusters of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have been isolated from cancer patients, CTC clusters are generally associated with higher metastatic potential and worse prognosis. From an evolutionary perspective, being part of a cluster can provide cells with several benefits both in terms of survival (e.

Historical human activities reshape evolutionary trajectories across both native and introduced ranges.

The same vectors that introduce species to new ranges could move them among native populations, but how human-mediated dispersal impacts native ranges has been difficult to address because human-mediated dispersal and natural dispersal can simultaneously shape patterns of gene flow. Here, we disentangle human-mediated dispersal from natural dispersal by exploiting a system where the primary vector was once extensive but has since ceased. From 10th to 19th Centuries, ships in the North Atlantic exchanged sediments dredged from the intertidal for ballast, which ended when seawater ballast tanks were adopted.

Space invaders: Searching for invasive Smallmouth Bass () in a renowned Atlantic Salmon () river.

Humans have the ability to permanently alter aquatic ecosystems and the introduction of species is often the most serious alteration. Non-native Smallmouth Bass () were identified in Miramichi Lake . 2008, which is a headwater tributary to the Southwest Miramichi River, a renowned Atlantic Salmon () river whose salmon population is dwindling.

Game of Stones: feasibility randomised controlled trial of how to engage men with obesity in text message and incentive interventions for weight loss.

Objectives: To examine the acceptability and feasibility of narrative text messages with or without financial incentives to support weight loss for men.

Design: Individually randomised three-arm feasibility trial with 12 months' follow-up.

Setting: Two sites in Scotland with high levels of disadvantage according to Scottish Index for Multiple Deprivation (SIMD).

Hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon lysine-assisted self-assembly for efficient CO capture.

Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (NOMCs) were synthesized by single-step hydrothermal self-assembly using F127 as a soft template, hexamine as a formaldehyde source, l-lysine as a polymerization catalyst, and 3-aminophenol as both carbon and nitrogen sources. The microstructure of the NOMCs was characterized by XRD, N adsorption/desorption, TEM, FTIR, and XPS. The results indicated that the obtained NOMCs exhibited a large specific surface area, uniform pore size distribution and highly ordered 2-D hexagonal mesostructure (6).

Thiourea and Guanidine Compounds and Their Iridium Complexes in Drug-Resistant Cancer Cell Lines: Structure-Activity Relationships and Direct Luminescent Imaging.

Thiourea and guanidine units are found in nature, medicine, and materials. Their continued exploration in applications as diverse as cancer therapy, sensors, and electronics means that their toxicity is an important consideration. Iridium complexes present new opportunities for drug development and imaging in terms of structure and photoactivity.

A Quasi-Experimental Study Examining the Impact and Challenges of Implementing a Fitness-Based Health Risk Assessment and a Physical Activity Counseling Intervention in the Workplace Setting.

Objectives: Few adults participate in enough physical activity for health benefits. The workplace provides a unique environment to deliver heath interventions and can be beneficial to the employee and the employer. The purpose of the study was to explore the use of a physical activity counseling (PAC) program and a fitness-based health risk assessment (fHRA) in the hospital workplace.