Involvement of aSPOC in the online updating of reach-to-grasp to mechanical perturbations of hand transport.

Humans adjust their movement to changing environments effortlessly via multisensory integration of the effector's state, motor commands, and sensory feedback. It is postulated that frontoparietal (FP) networks are involved in the control of prehension, with dorsomedial (DM) and dorsolateral (DL) regions processing the reach and the grasp, respectively. This study tested (5F, 5M participants) the differential involvement of FP nodes (ventral premotor cortex - PMv, dorsal premotor cortex - PMd, anterior intraparietal sulcus - aIPS, and anterior superior parietal-occipital cortex - aSPOC) in online adjustments of reach-to-grasp coordination to mechanical perturbations that disrupted arm transport.

Evaluating Older Adults' Engagement and Usability With AI-Driven Interventions: Randomized Pilot Study.

Background: Technologies that serve as assistants are growing more popular for entertainment and aiding in daily tasks. Artificial intelligence (AI) in these technologies could also be helpful to deliver interventions that assist older adults with symptoms or self-management. Personality traits may play a role in how older adults engage with AI technologies.

NONAN GaitPrint: An IMU gait database of healthy older adults.

The continued effort to study gait kinematics and the increased interest in identifying individuals based on their gait patterns could be strengthened by the inclusion of data from older groups. To address this need and complement our previous database on healthy young adults, we present an addition to the Nonlinear Analysis Core (NONAN) GaitPrint database. We offer full-body inertial measurement data during self-paced overground walking on a 200 m indoor track of 41 older adults (56 + years old; 20 men and 21 women; age: 64.

Kinematic and kinetic characteristics of individuals with coping lateral ankle sprain during landing and walking/running tasks: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: We aimed to synthesize the kinematics and kinetics during landing and walking/running tasks of ankle copers compared with patients with chronic ankle instability and controls.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Tri-planar lower extremity biomechanics (joint angle and moment at maximum and initial contact, and joint displacement) were synthesized using standard mean difference and 95 % confidence intervals.

Predicting lower body joint moments and electromyography signals using ground reaction forces during walking and running: An artificial neural network approach.

Background: This study leverages Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predict lower limb joint moments and electromyography (EMG) signals from Ground Reaction Forces (GRF), providing a novel perspective on human gait analysis. This approach aims to enhance the accessibility and affordability of biomechanical assessments using GRF data, thus eliminating the need for costly motion capture systems.

Research Question: Can ANNs use GRF data to accurately predict joint moments in the lower limbs and EMG signals?

Methods: We employed ANNs to analyze GRF data and to use them to predict joint moments (363-trials; 4-datasets) and EMG signals (63-trials; 2-datasets).

NMR Spectral Editing, Water Suppression, and Dipolar Decoupling in Low-Field NMR Spectroscopy Using Optimal Control Pulses and Multiple-Pulse Sequence.

Spectral dispersion in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can significantly affect NMR spectral analysis, particularly when studying complex mixtures like metabolic profiling of biological samples. To address signal superposition in these spectra, we employed spectral editing with selective excitation pulses, proving it to be a suitable approach. Optimal control pulses were implemented in low-field NMR and demonstrated their capability to selectively excite and eliminate specific amino acids, such as phenylalanine and taurine, either individually or simultaneously.

Fish gut microbiome and its application in aquaculture and biological conservation.

Understanding the diversity and function of fish gut microbiomes has advanced substantially, yet many aspects remain poorly understood, particularly the interplay among microbiota, host species, and environmental factors in the context of conservation. This review explores the composition and abundance of gut bacterial communities in key aquaculture fish groups-cyprinids, ictalurids (catfish), salmonids, and cichlids (tilapia)-alongside the model organism zebrafish, across diverse geographic regions. The findings highlight environmental habitats and host species as primary determinants of gut microbiome structure, offering a global perspective on these microbial communities.

Digital Age Transformation in Patient-Physician Communication: 25-Year Narrative Review (1999-2023).

Background: The evolution of patient-physician communication has changed since the emergence of the World Wide Web. Health information technology (health IT) has become an influential tool, providing patients with access to a breadth of health information electronically. While such information has greatly facilitated communication between patients and physicians, it has also led to information overload and the potential for spreading misinformation.

Ground Reaction Forces and Joint Moments Predict Metabolic Cost in Physical Performance: Harnessing the Power of Artificial Neural Networks.

Understanding metabolic cost through biomechanical data, including ground reaction forces (GRFs) and joint moments, is vital for health, sports, and rehabilitation. The long stabilization time (2-5 min) of indirect calorimetry poses challenges in prolonged tests. This study investigated using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict metabolic costs from the GRF and joint moment time series.

"Coming Home Is the Hardest Part": An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Sense Making in Military Postdeployment Reintegration.

The purpose of the present interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) study was to understand how military service members and veterans (MSMVs) make sense of their reintegration experiences following deployment. IPA provides the ability to gain a deeper understanding of a shared experience, or phenomenon, such as reintegration following deployment. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews via Zoom.

Selective engagement of long-latency reflexes in postural control through wobble board training.

Long-latency reflexes (LLRs) are critical precursors to intricate postural coordination of muscular adaptations that sustain equilibrium following abrupt disturbances. Both disturbances and adaptive responses reflect excursions of postural control from quiescent Gaussian stability under a narrow bell curve, excursions beyond Gaussianity unfolding at many timescales. LLRs slow with age, accentuating the risk of falls and undermining dexterity, particularly in settings with concurrent additional tasks.

Effects of individually calibrated white and pink noise vestibular stimulation on standing balance of young healthy adults.

Imperceptible noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) improves standing balance due to the presence of stochastic resonance (SR). There is, however, a lack of consensus regarding the optimal levels and type of noise used to elicit SR like dynamics. We aimed to confirm the presence of SR behavior in the vestibular system of young healthy adults by examining postural responses to increasing amplitudes of white and pink noise stimulation scaled to individual cutaneous perceptual threshold.

Impact of nocturnal oxygen enrichment on high-altitude acclimatization.

Nocturnal oxygen enrichment improves sleep at high altitudes but may impair acclimatization. Our purpose was to determine if nocturnal oxygen enrichment impacts acclimatization. A 7-day acclimatization protocol occurred at a field-based research site between 0 and 4,200 m.

Advancements of paper-based sensors for antibiotic-resistant bacterial species identification.

Evolution of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species is on a rise. This review aims to explore the diverse range of paper-based platforms designed to identify antimicrobial-resistant bacterial species. It highlights the most important targets used for sensor development and examines the applications of nanosized particles used in paper-based sensors.

DNA methylation patterns of circadian and ultradian genes are altered in the peripheral blood of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects hair follicles in areas with apocrine sweat glands, such as the underarms, groin, and buttocks. The pathogenesis of HS is not fully understood, but considering the key role played by the biological clock in the control of immune/inflammatory processes the derangement of circadian and ultradian pathways could be hypothesized.

Methods: We analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood from 24 HS cases and 24 controls using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array (Illumina), followed by bioinformatics and statistical analyses.

Development and Feasibility of a Conversation Tool to Garner Mental Health and Intimate Partner Violence History from Patients Seeking Pelvic Healthcare: A Trauma-Informed Approach.

A conversation tool was developed by a clinician/researcher partnership to garner mental health and intimate partner violence histories from patients seeking pelvic healthcare. A 3-stage mixed measures approach with healthcare providers ( = 22) and victim service experts ( = 8) was utilized to meet study aims. The finalized conversation tool was found to have satisfactory face and content validity as well as to be feasible to implement in clinical settings based on constructs related to acceptability, practicality, demand, and implementation.

Characterization of biofilms through ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis.

is a coagulase-negative species responsible for a multitude of infections. These infections often resemble those caused by the more pathogenic staphylococcal species, , such as skin and soft tissue infections, prosthetic joint infections, and infective endocarditis. Despite a high mortality rate and infections that differ from other coagulase-negative species, little is known regarding pathogenesis.

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia alters postural control in people with Parkinson's disease.

While levodopa is the most effective drug for symptom treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD), its long-term use often leads to side effects such as uncontrolled involuntary movements known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). LID has been shown to increase postural sway, but the extent to which these hyperkinetic movements alter postural sway strategies has not been explored. We recruited 25 people with idiopathic PD, of which 13 exhibit clinical signs of LID, and 10 healthy older adults.

Effects of Supervised Exercise Therapy on Muscle Function During Walking in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Although supervised exercise therapy (SET) is a primary treatment for peripheral artery disease (PAD), the current literature is limited regarding the mechanisms contributing to increased walking distances, including how lower extremity muscle function is altered after SET. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SET on lower extremity muscle function during walking in patients with PAD.

Methods: Twelve patients with PAD participated in a 6-month SET program consisting of three weekly exercise sessions (a total of 72 sessions) and adhered to the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM) recommendations.

A novel computational approach for the mining of signature pathways using species co-occurrence networks in gut microbiomes.

Background: Advances in metagenome sequencing data continue to enable new methods for analyzing biological systems. When handling microbial profile data, metagenome sequencing has proven to be far more comprehensive than traditional methods such as 16s rRNA data, which rely on partial sequences. Microbial community profiling can be used to obtain key biological insights that pave the way for more accurate understanding of complex systems that are critical for advancing biomedical research and healthcare.

When Is Teasing Abuse? A Grounded Theory of Teasing Among Mexican American Adolescent Dating Couples.

This study examined the use of teasing during observed videotaped interactions of Mexican American adolescent dating couples ( = 34; 15-17 years old) from an urban area of the Southwest United States. During the interaction task, couples discussed two relationship problems for 14 min and nearly all interactions (88.2%) contained teasing.

A systematic review of human odometry.

Human odometry refers to an individual's ability to travel between locations without eyesight and without designating a conscious effort toward spatially updating themselves as they travel through the environment. A systematic review on human odometry was completed for the purpose of establishing the state-of-the-art of the topic, and based on this information, develop meaningful hypotheses using Strong Inference. The following databases were searched up to February 16, 2023, and accessed through University of Nebraska at Omaha proxied databases: IEEEXplore, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, PubMed Central, SCOPUS, and Web of Science.