Epigenetic Markers of Aging Predict the Neural Oscillations Serving Selective Attention.

Chronological age remains an imperfect measure of accumulated physiological stress. Biological measures of aging may provide key advantages, allowing scientists focusing on age-related functional changes to use metrics derived from epigenetic factors like DNA methylation (DNAm), which could provide greater precision. Here we investigated the relationship between methylation-based age and an essential cognitive function that is known to exhibit age-related decline: selective attention.

Aberrant brain dynamics in neuroHIV: Evidence from magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive, silent, and totally passive neurophysiological imaging method with excellent temporal resolution (~1ms) and good spatial precision (~3-5mm). While MEG studies of neuroHIV remain relatively rare, the number of studies per year has sharply increased recently and this trend will likely continue into the foreseeable future. The current in-depth review focuses on the studies that have been conducted to date, which include investigations of somatosensory and visual modalities, resting-state, as well as motor control and higher-level functions such as working memory and visual attention.

Altered motor dynamics in type 1 diabetes modulate behavioral performance.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been linked to alterations in both brain structure and function. However, the neural basis of the most commonly reported neuropsychological deficit in T1D, psychomotor speed, remains severely understudied. To begin to address this, the current study focuses on the neural dynamics underlying motor control using magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging.

Immunogenicity and Efficacy Evaluation of Subunit Astrovirus Vaccines.

A full understanding of the immune response to astrovirus (AstV) infection is required to treat and control AstV-induced gastroenteritis. Relative contributions of each arm of the immune system in restricting AstV infection remain unknown. In this study, two novel subunit AstV vaccines derived from capsid protein (CP) of mink AstV (MAstV) such as CPΔN (spanning amino acids 161-775) and CPΔC (spanning amino acids 1-621) were evaluated.

Refined measure of functional connectomes for improved identifiability and prediction.

Brain functional connectome analysis is commonly based on population-wise inference. However, in this way precious information provided at the individual subject level may be overlooked. Recently, several studies have shown that individual differences contribute strongly to the functional connectivity patterns.

Assessing the lymphoid tissue bioavailability of antiretrovirals in human primary lymphoid endothelial cells and in mice.

Background: The secondary lymphoid tissues (LTs), lymph nodes (LNs) and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) are considered reservoirs for HIV. Antiretrovirals (ARVs) have lower penetration into LT. In vitro models predictive of ARV LT penetration have not been established.

Oxidative Stress Levels Throughout Pregnancy, at Birth, and in the Neonate.

Background: Oxidative stress is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. Little is known regarding the longitudinal levels of oxidative stress in the perinatal period or the correlation between maternal and neonatal oxidative stress levels.

Objective: Describe and compare oxidative stress, specifically superoxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels, over the perinatal period.

Neurophysiological evidence of impaired attention and working memory in untreated hematologic cancer patients.

Objective: Neuroimaging studies of hematologic cancer patients report altered activity in dorsal attention and central executive networks. To determine the consequences of these altered brain networks, we evaluated neurophysiological correlates of attention and working memory in hematologic cancer patients prior to initiating treatment.

Methods: Hematologic cancer patients (19-80 years) were excluded for premorbid cognitive impairment, prior non-hematologic cancer diagnosis, and prior chemotherapy.

Load effects on spatial working memory performance are linked to distributed alpha and beta oscillations.

Increasing spatial working memory (SWM) load is generally associated with declines in behavioral performance, but the neural correlates of load-related behavioral effects remain poorly understood. Herein, we examine the alterations in oscillatory activity that accompany such performance changes in 22 healthy adults who performed a two- and four-load SWM task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). All MEG data were transformed into the time-frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses were imaged separately per load using a beamformer.

HLA-DRB1 Haplotypes, Shared Epitope, and Disease Outcomes in US Veterans with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: To evaluate associations of HLA-DRB1 haplotypes and shared epitope (SE) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) severity and all-cause mortality in RA.

Methods: Patients with RA from the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry were followed from enrollment until death or December 31, 2013. Clinical characteristics, DNA, and serum were collected at enrollment.

Reply to "Comment on Ahmad, I.M. et al. Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation Exhibit Altered Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Redox Parameters. , 2019, , 12".

Bevelacqua and Mortazavi [...

Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation Exhibit Altered Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Redox Parameters.

Studies have shown an increased risk for a variety of cancers, specifically brain cancer, in healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Although the mechanisms mediating these phenomena are not fully understood, ionizing radiation-mediated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative DNA damage, and immune modulation are likely involved. A group of 20 radiation exposed workers and 40 sex- and age-matched non-exposed control subjects were recruited for the study.

The strength of alpha and gamma oscillations predicts behavioral switch costs.

Cognitive flexibility is often examined using task-switch paradigms, whereby individuals either switch between tasks or repeat the same task on successive trials. The behavioral costs of switching in terms of accuracy and reaction time are well-known, but the oscillatory dynamics underlying such costs are poorly understood. Herein, we examined 25 healthy adults who performed a task-switching paradigm during magnetoencephalography (MEG).

An altered spatiotemporal gait adjustment during a virtual obstacle crossing task in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

This study investigates spatiotemporal gait adjustments that occur while stepping over virtual obstacles during treadmill walking in people with/without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Eleven adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, ten DPN, and 11 age-matched healthy adults (HTY) participated in this study. They stepped over forthcoming virtual obstacles during treadmill walking.

tDCS modulates behavioral performance and the neural oscillatory dynamics serving visual selective attention.

Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method for modulating human brain activity. Although there are several hypotheses about the net effects of tDCS on brain function, the field's understanding remains incomplete and this is especially true for neural oscillatory activity during cognitive task performance. In this study, we examined whether different polarities of occipital tDCS differentially alter flanker task performance and the underlying neural dynamics.

The impact of type 1 diabetes on neural activity serving attention.

Type 1 diabetes has been associated with alterations in attentional processing and other cognitive functions, and previous studies have found alterations in both brain structure and function in affected patients. However, these previous neuroimaging studies have generally examined older patients, particularly those with major comorbidities known to affect functioning independent of diabetes. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the neural dynamics of selective attention processing in a young group of patients with type 1 diabetes who were otherwise healthy (i.

Biologic and Glucocorticoid Use after Methotrexate Initiation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: Biologic therapies can improve disease control for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but may be both overused and underused. We aimed to identify predictors of greater use of biologic therapies and to identify factors associated with persistent glucocorticoid use.

Methods: Using national US Veteran's Affairs databases 2005-2016, we identified patients with RA receiving a first-ever prescription of methotrexate (MTX), requiring ≥ 6 months of baseline data.

Load modulates the alpha and beta oscillatory dynamics serving verbal working memory.

A network of predominantly left-lateralized brain regions has been linked to verbal working memory (VWM) performance. However, the impact of memory load on the oscillatory dynamics serving VWM is far less understood. To further investigate this, we had 26 healthy adults perform a high-load (6 letter) and low-load (4 letter) variant of a VWM task while undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Correction to: Outcomes of a Behavioral Intervention for Sleep Disturbances in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained errors. The errors induced during the production process are corrected. The correct keywords, figures and tables are given below.

Aberrant oscillatory dynamics during somatosensory processing in HIV-infected adults.

While the arrival of combination antiretroviral therapy significantly decreased the prevalence of HIV-associated dementia, between 35 and 70% of all infected adults continue to develop some form of cognitive impairment. These deficits appears to affect multiple neural subsystems, but the mechanisms and extent of damage are not fully understood. In the current study, we utilized magnetoencephalography (MEG), advanced oscillatory analysis methods, and a paired-pulse somatosensory stimulation paradigm to interrogate pre-attentive inhibitory processing in 43 HIV-infected adults and 28 demographically-matched uninfected controls.

Mycobacterial chylous ascites: report of three cases and systematic review.

Background: Chylous ascites is an uncommon presentation of mycobacterial infection.

Methods: We report three cases of tubercular chylous ascites, and in addition, we performed a systematic review of the published literature for the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of mycobacterial chylous ascites. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for the systematic review.

Outcomes of a Behavioral Intervention for Sleep Disturbances in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Bedtime Fading with Response Cost (BFRC) in decreasing sleep disturbances in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using parents as change agents by implementing treatment in the home environment. A non-concurrent multiple baseline design across three participants was used. Results indicate that BFRC was effective in eliminating unwanted co-sleeping, frequent night awakenings, and dependent sleep onset.

Beta Oscillatory Dynamics in the Prefrontal and Superior Temporal Cortices Predict Spatial Working Memory Performance.

The oscillatory dynamics serving spatial working memory (SWM), and how such dynamics relate to performance, are poorly understood. To address these topics, the present study recruited 22 healthy adults to perform a SWM task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). The resulting MEG data were transformed into the time-frequency domain, and significant oscillatory responses were imaged using a beamformer.

Estrogen receptor α dependent regulation of estrogen related receptor β and its role in cell cycle in breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is highly heterogeneous with ~ 60-70% of estrogen receptor positive BC patient's response to anti-hormone therapy. Estrogen receptors (ERs) play an important role in breast cancer progression and treatment. Estrogen related receptors (ERRs) are a group of nuclear receptors which belong to orphan nuclear receptors, which have sequence homology with ERs and share target genes.