Iodocyclization in Aqueous Media and Supramolecular Reaction Control Using Water-Soluble Hosts.

Iodocyclization of 2-alkynylanisoles is an efficient route for synthesizing substituted benzofurans. Reaction efficiency with copper(II) sulfate and sodium iodide in an aqueous slurry under mild conditions is a manifold higher than in organic solvents. Water-soluble hosts of the cyclodextrin family solubilize the compounds in aqueous media and affect the reaction efficiency through conformation control and steric interactions.

Facile access to functionalized chiral secondary benzylic boronic esters catalytic asymmetric hydroboration.

Allylic and homoallylic phosphonates bearing an aryl or heteroaryl substituent at the γ- or δ-position undergo rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration by pinacolborane to give functionalized chiral secondary benzylic boronic esters in yields up to 86% and enantiomer ratios up to 99 : 1. Compared to minimally-functionalized terminal and 1,1-disubstituted vinyl arenes, there are relatively few reports of efficient catalytic asymmetric hydroboration (CAHB) of more highly functionalized internal alkenes. Phosphonate substrates bearing a variety of common heterocyclic ring systems, including furan, indole, pyrrole and thiophene derivatives, as well as those bearing basic nitrogen substituents (, morpholine and pyrazine) are tolerated, although donor substituents positioned in close proximity of the alkene can influence the course of the reaction.

Analysis of Bisulfite Via a Nitro Derivative of Cyanine-3 (NCy3) in the Microfluidic Channel.

NCy3, a derivative of Cyanine 3 with a nitro substituent, showed a high reactivity to bisulfite in aqueous media, instantly leading to ratiometric change of absorption spectra and significant fluorescence quenching. Applied in the microfluidic channel, NCy3 functionalize as a sensitive approach for quantitative detection of bisulfite, particularly for samples with a small volume.

Using the OSU TBI-ID method for screening rural, older adults: a mixed methods feasibility study.

To examine the feasibility of: (1) a brain injury and screening tool (Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method; OSU TBI-ID) training for rural Area Agency on Aging (AAA) health professionals, and (2) implementation of the screening process.  A mixed methods design was utilized to assess several aspects of feasibility. Quantitatively, the researchers examined AAA health professionals' scores on a brain injury misconceptions survey, descriptive statistics about the clients screened, and health professionals' accuracy using the OSU TBI-ID.

Prevalence and Characterization of Present during Veal Harvest.

Beef and veal products have been vehicles implicated in the transmission of a gastroenteritis-causing bacteria. Recent regulatory samples collected from veal have indicated bob veal, or calves harvested within days of birth, have higher rates of than samples collected from formula-fed veal, or calves raised 20 weeks on milk replacer formula before harvest. To investigate this problem, we collected samples from veal calf hides, preevisceration carcasses, and final carcasses at five veal processors that harvested bob or formula-fed veal or both.

Comparison of Nest Defense Behaviors of Goshawks () from Finland and Montana.

As human impacts on wildlife have become a topic of increasing interest, studies have focused on issues such as overexploitation and habitat loss. However, little research has examined potential anthropogenic impacts on animal behavior. Understanding the degree to which human interaction may alter natural animal behavior has become increasingly important in developing effective conservation strategies.

The Behavioral Effects of Oral Psychostimulant Ingestion on a Laboratory Rat Sample: An Undergraduate Research Experience.

Presented is a lab exercise designed to augment an upper-level undergraduate class covering the topics of psychopharmacology, biopsychology, physiological psychology, or introductory neuroscience. The exercise was developed as a tool to allow students to investigate behavioral correlates of oral psychomotor stimulant ingestion and observe firsthand the benefits and challenges of using animal models to study behavior. The purpose of the exercise was to observe the unconditioned, natural behaviors of laboratory rats prior to, and following, the oral administration of commonly used, over-the-counter psychomotor stimulants, and for students to experience the process of neuroscience research.

Hyperglycemia-impaired aortic vasorelaxation mediated through arginase elevation: Role of stress kinase pathways.

Diabetes-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction has been reported to involve hyperglycemia-induced increases in arginase activity. However, upstream mediators of this effect are not clear. Here, we have tested involvement of Rho kinase, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways in this process.

Spatial phylogenetics reveals evolutionary constraints on the assembly of a large regional flora.

Premise Of The Study: We used spatial phylogenetics to analyze the assembly of the Wisconsin flora, linking processes of dispersal and niche evolution to spatial patterns of floristic and phylogenetic diversity and testing whether phylogenetic niche conservatism can account for these patterns.

Methods: We used digitized records and a new molecular phylogeny for 93% of vascular plants in Wisconsin to estimate spatial variation in species richness and phylogenetic α and β diversity in a native flora shaped mainly by postglacial dispersal and response to environmental gradients. We developed distribution models for all species and used these to infer fine-scale variation in potential diversity, phylogenetic distance, and interspecific range overlaps.

A Two-Amino Acid Difference in the Coat Protein of Satellite panicum mosaic virus Isolates Is Responsible for Differential Synergistic Interactions with Panicum mosaic virus.

Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) (genus Panicovirus, family Tombusviridae) and its molecular parasite, Satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV), synergistically interact in coinfected proso and pearl millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) plants resulting in a severe symptom phenotype. In this study, we examined synergistic interactions between the isolates of PMV and SPMV by using PMV-NE, PMV85, SPMV-KS, and SPMV-Type as interacting partner viruses in different combinations.

Development of 3D printed mesofluidic devices to elute and concentrate DNA.

To understand structural variation for personal genomics, an extensive ensemble of large DNA molecules will be required to span large structural variations. Nanocoding, a whole-genome analysis platform, can analyze large DNA molecules for the construction of physical restriction maps of entire genomes. However, handling of large DNA is difficult and a system is needed to concentrate large DNA molecules, while keeping the molecules intact.

Changing Ecological Opportunities Facilitated the Explosive Diversification of New Caledonian Oxera (Lamiaceae).

Phylogenies recurrently demonstrate that oceanic island systems have been home to rapid clade diversification and adaptive radiations. The existence of adaptive radiations posits a central role of natural selection causing ecological divergence and speciation, and some plant radiations have been highlighted as paradigmatic examples of such radiations. However, neutral processes may also drive speciation during clade radiations, with ecological divergence occurring following speciation.

Differential Mobility of Breast Cancer Cells and Normal Breast Epithelial Cells Under DC Electrophoresis and Electroosmosis.

Background/aim: Breast cancer has shown improved prognosis over the years, yet due to different types of breast cancer and different phenotypes of breast cancer cells, it is essential to have an accurate diagnostic procedure.

Materials And Methods: A unique methodology employing direct current (DC) electrophoresis and electroosmosis in fabricated microfluidic devices was used. This phenomenon was used to discern breast cancer cells from normal breast epithelial cells based on their electrophoretic mobility and electroosmosis.

Stereo- and regioselective photocycloaddition of extended alkenes using γ-cyclodextrin.

Photoexcitation of dibenzalacetones (1a-d) in homogeneous media and solid state yields a mixture of products with poor conversions. Irradiation of the reactants complexed to γ-cyclodextrin predominantly affords a single dimer (syn adduct 6) despite the possibility for several monomeric and dimeric products. High selectivity in the cavitand-mediated reaction along with the structural characterization of the inclusion complex provides insight into the supramolecular interactions that drive the self-assembly of the host-guest system.

Effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape features on mule deer harvest in Nebraska.

Understanding the habitat use of wildlife species is important for effective management. Nebraska has a variety of habitat types, with the majority being covered by rangeland and cropland. These habitat types likely influence the harvest of mule deer MD; in Nebraska, but their specific effects are unknown, and moreover, harvest may also be influenced by the accessibility of deer habitats for hunters.

Comparison of Physical Activity during Zumba with a Human or Video Game Instructor.

Using a physically active video game presents an opportunity for a person to engage in exercise in the privacy of their own home, yet still receive some feedback on the quality of their exercise performance. The purpose of this project was to compare the physical activity between participating in a Zumba exercise class led by a human and using a Zumba video game. Eight women (33.

Antineoplastic Actions of Cinnamic Acids and Their Dimers in Breast Cancer Cells: A Comparative Study.

Background/aim: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US, which necessitates constant research for medications with minimal adverse effects. The aim of the study was to determine if certain cinnamic acid dimers (CADs) exhibit higher cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells than against non-tumorigenic cells.

Materials And Methods: These dimers have not been explored, so far, due to their complex stereochemistry; cavitand-mediated photodimerization (CMP) method was used to produce several CADs, which were tested for cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition.

Patterns of Bird-Bacteria Associations.

Birds, with their broad geographic ranges and close association with humans, have historically played an important role as carriers of human disease and as reservoirs for drug-resistant bacteria. Here, we examine scientific literature over a 15-year timespan to identify reported avian-bacterial associations and factors that may impact zoonotic disease emergence by classifying traits of bird species and their bacteria. We find that the majority of wild birds studied were migratory, in temperate habitats, and in the order Passeriformes.

Phylogeny and staminal evolution of Salvia (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae) in East Asia.

Background And Aims: Salvia is the largest genus within Lamiaceae, with about 980 species currently recognized. East Asia, with approx. 100 species, is one of the three major biodiversity centres of Salvia.

Ferulic acid dimer as a non-opioid therapeutic for acute pain.

Purpose: Search for alternate pain medications has gained more importance in the past few years due to adverse effects associated with currently prescribed drugs including nervous system dysfunction with opioids, gastrointestinal discomfort with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cardiovascular anomalies with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. Phytomedicine has been explored for the treatment of pain, as these have been used for generations in regional communities and tend to lack major side effects in general. One such phytomedicine, incarvillateine (INCA), derived from the Chinese herb has its primary antinociceptive action through the adenosine receptor, a novel pain target.

Determining if DNA Stained with a Cyanine Dye Can Be Digested with Restriction Enzymes.

Visualization of DNA for fluorescence microscopy utilizes a variety of dyes such as cyanine dyes. These dyes are utilized due to their high affinity and sensitivity for DNA. In order to determine if the DNA molecules are full length after the completion of the experiment, a method is required to determine if the stained molecules are full length by digesting DNA with restriction enzymes.

Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and diversification of angiosperm order Ericales suggest ancient Neotropical and East Asian connections.

Inferring interfamilial relationships within the eudicot order Ericales has remained one of the more recalcitrant problems in angiosperm phylogenetics, likely due to a rapid, ancient radiation. As a result, no comprehensive time-calibrated tree or biogeographical analysis of the order has been published. Here, we elucidate phylogenetic relationships within the order and then conduct time-dependent biogeographical and diversification analyses by using a taxon and locus-rich supermatrix approach on one-third of the extant species diversity calibrated with 23 macrofossils and two secondary calibration points.

Electrostatic confinement and manipulation of DNA molecules for genome analysis.

Very large DNA molecules enable comprehensive analysis of complex genomes, such as human, cancer, and plants because they span across sequence repeats and complex somatic events. When physically manipulated, or analyzed as single molecules, long polyelectrolytes are problematic because of mechanical considerations that include shear-mediated breakage, dealing with the massive size of these coils, or the length of stretched DNAs using common experimental techniques and fluidic devices. Accordingly, we harness analyte "issues" as exploitable advantages by our invention and characterization of the "molecular gate," which controls and synchronizes formation of stretched DNA molecules as DNA dumbbells within nanoslit geometries.

A Review of Contemporary Assessment Tools for Use with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Adults.

There is increasing recognition of the need for culturally sensitive services for individuals who identify as transgender or gender non-conforming (TGNC), and only recently have empirical studies appeared in the literature that inform best practices for TGNC people. Competent, culturally appropriate clinical services and research depend upon methodologically sound assessment of key constructs, but it is unclear whether appropriate self-report or clinician-rated assessment tools for adults exist. This paper reviewed existing published measures to identify areas of strength as well as existing gaps in the available research.