Neurodevelopmental effects of lanthanum in mice.

Mice were exposed to lanthanum chloride in drinking water at 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg/liter concentration prior to conception, during gestation, and until 30 days postnatally. Developing mice were assessed for the development of swimming and walking behavior and ear and eye opening. At 30 days of age the mice were assessed with a standard neurologic scale.

Glutamine: a potentially useful supplement for athletes.

The role of glutamine as a possible ergogenic aid has not been posited in the scientific literature. Although there is an abundance of clinical evidence supporting the need for exogenous glutamine in the maintenance of muscle protein mass and immune system function in critically ill patients, little work has been done that examines the potential utility of glutamine for athletes engaged in heavy exercise training. This brief review will describe a number of studies on the effects of glutamine supplementation on muscle protein mass, immune system function, and glucose regulation.

The effect of exercise intensity on the slow component of VO2 in persons of different fitness levels.

Objectives: To evaluate the slow component of VO2 in persons of different fitness levels exercising at different intensities and the contribution of proposed mediators to the slow component of VO2 using equations from the literature.

Experimental Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: University.

The effects of long-term, moderate intensity, intermittent exercise on aerobic capacity, body composition, blood lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight females.

Objective: To test the hypotheses that the accumulation of 30 min of moderate intensity, intermittent exercise, 5d/week-1, for 32 weeks, will increase aerobic capacity, alter body composition and improve blood lipids, insulin and glucose. Secondly, to identify individuals who may respond to moderate intensity, intermittent exercise.

Subjects: Thirteen sedentary, moderately obese females, aged 43 +/- 11 (y), body mass index (BMI) 32.

Energy and macronutrient consumption of elementary school children served modified lower fat and sodium lunches or standard higher fat and sodium lunches.

Objective: To determine the energy and macronutrient consumption of elementary school children served modified lower fat and sodium or typical higher fat and sodium school lunches.

Design: The intervention school received lunches with < 30% of energy from fat and < 1000 mg sodium. The control school received typical lunches with 35% of energy from fat and > 1000 mg sodium.

Nutrition and physical activity program to attenuate obesity and promote physical and metabolic fitness in elementary school children.

Obesity and low levels of physical and metabolic fitness are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The purpose of this investigation was to attenuate obesity and improve physical and metabolic fitness in elementary school children. Schools have the opportunity, mechanisms, and personnel in place to deliver nutrition education, fitness activities, and a school food service that is nutritious and healthy.

A behavioral nosology for tinnitus.

Studies of the physiological and psychological characteristics of tinnitus and its treatment have yielded a variety of conclusions. The variation in results may reflect heterogeneous patient populations. Although the sources of variation are many, one may be derived from combining patients of several severities of tinnitus into a single group.

Influence of degree of obesity on loss of fat-free mass during very-low-energy diets.

This study examined the influence of initial degree of obesity on loss of fat-free mass (FFM). One hundred twelve obese females participated in a series of very-low-energy diet (VLED) clinical trials. Obesity groups were determined by three common methods: percent body fat, body mass index, and weight.

Very low calorie diet with concurrent versus delayed and sequential exercise.

Obese females undergoing very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) were studied for 12 weeks to determine the effects of concurrent vs delayed and sequential exercise. Subjects were assigned to one of six groups: control (C) n = 28; endurance exercise (EE) n = 18; weight training (WT) n = 26; endurance exercise plus weight training (EEWT) n = 21; control for 4 weeks with subsequent EE (C4EE) n = 10; WT for 4 weeks with sequential EE (WT4EE) n = 12. EE was performed 3 days a week using five weight lifting exercises.

Association between blood lipids and different measures of body fat distribution: effects of BMI and age.

The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and the waist circumference have been correlated with blood lipid parameters. However, both the WHR and the waist circumference have been measured in numerous ways by researchers, and it appears that standardization of the anatomical sites used in this measurement is necessary. The present study investigated the associations between five different WHR measurements and blood lipid parameters across age and BMI.

Estimation of peak oxygen consumption from a sub-maximal half mile walk in obese females.

This study compared peak oxygen consumption estimated from a half mile sub-maximal walk test with oxygen consumption determined from a maximal treadmill test with 96 obese females. A half mile walk was completed as quickly as possible without running. Retests on 71 subjects were completed to determine the reliability of the half mile walk.