Study of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in the 13-pneumococcal conjugated vaccine era.

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant concern among children under 5, despite vaccination efforts. This study assessed IPD prevalence and associated risks in pediatric population.

Methods: An observational, retrospective, multicenter study in Comunidad Valenciana, Spain, of IPD cases in children under 13 from January 2012 to September 2022.

Hyperspectral imaging as a non-destructive technique for estimating the nutritional value of food.

Knowledge of the energy and macronutrient content of complex foods is essential for the food industry and to implement population-based dietary guidelines. However, conventional methodologies are time-consuming, require the use of chemical products and the sample cannot be recovered. We hypothesize that the nutritional value of heterogeneous food products can be readily measured instead by using hyperspectral imaging systems (NIR and VIS-NIR) combined with mathematical models previously fitted with spectral profiles.

Prospective evaluation of the emetogenic profile and analgesic efficacy of intravenous ibuprofen and metamizole in the immediate postoperative period of pediatric acute appendicitis.

Background: Literature comparing different alternatives for pain control in the immediate postoperative period of pediatric acute appendicitis (PAA) is scarce.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively compared the analgesic and emetogenic profile of intravenous ibuprofen and metamizole in the immediate postoperative period of PAA. For this purpose, we used a sample of patients operated on in 2021 in our center.

Associations of Alcohol Consumption With Left Atrial Morphology and Function in a Population at High Cardiovascular Risk.

Background: Excessive alcohol consumption has been associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. An enlarged left atrium and impaired left atrial function may lead to atrial fibrillation. The association of alcohol consumption with structural and functional left atrial measures, however, has received limited attention.

Envisaging a global infrastructure to exploit the potential of digitised collections.

Tens of millions of images from biological collections have become available online over the last two decades. In parallel, there has been a dramatic increase in the capabilities of image analysis technologies, especially those involving machine learning and computer vision. While image analysis has become mainstream in consumer applications, it is still used only on an artisanal basis in the biological collections community, largely because the image corpora are dispersed.

Quantitative systems pharmacology Model to characterize valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia and the effect of L-carnitine supplementation.

Valproic acid (VPA) is a short-chain fatty acid widely prescribed in the treatment of seizure disorders and epilepsy syndromes, although its therapeutic value may be undermined by its toxicity. VPA serious adverse effects are reported to have a significant and dose-dependent incidence, many associated with VPA-induced hyperammonemia. This effect has been linked with reduced levels of carnitine; an endogenous compound involved in fatty acid's mitochondrial β-oxidation by facilitation of its entrance via the carnitine shuttle.

Association Among Polyphenol Intake, Uric Acid, and Hyperuricemia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in a Population at High Cardiovascular Risk.

Background Dietary polyphenol intake has been associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia, but most of this knowledge comes from preclinical studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of the intake of different classes of polyphenols with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia. Methods and Results This cross-sectional analysis involved baseline data of 6332 participants.

Multiple vocal fold lesions in a single patient.

We report the case of a 48-year-old woman, a teacher, with recurrent severe dysphonia and multiple and different lesions at the same time in her vocal folds. The evolution of the lesions and the possible mechanism by which they have been associated in the same patient are commented.

Optimising the IgG-degrading enzyme treatment regimen for enhanced adeno-associated virus transduction in the presence of neutralising antibodies.

Objective: Pre-existing neutralising antibodies (NAbs) to adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) remain an impediment for systemically administered AAV-mediated gene therapy treatment in many patients, and various strategies are under investigation to overcome this limitation. Here, IgG-degrading enzymes (Ides) derived from bacteria of the genus were tested for their ability to cleave human IgG and allow AAV-mediated transduction in individuals with pre-existing NAbs.

Methods: Cleavage activity of three different Ides was evaluated in serum from different species.

Feasibility of using death certificates for studying place of death in Latin America.

Objective: This paper assesses the availability and quality of death certificate data in Latin America and the feasibility of using these data to study place of death and associated factors.

Methods: In this comparative study, we collected examples of current official death certificates and digital data files containing information about all deaths that occurred during 1 year in 19 Latin American countries. Data were collected from June 2019 to May 2020.

Comprehensive Analysis of SWI/SNF Inactivation in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Models.

Mammalian SWI/SNF (SWitch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) complexes are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers whose subunits have emerged among the most frequently mutated genes in cancer. Studying SWI/SNF function in cancer cell line models has unveiled vulnerabilities in SWI/SNF-mutant tumors that can lead to the discovery of new therapeutic drugs. However, choosing an appropriate cancer cell line model for SWI/SNF functional studies can be challenging because SWI/SNF subunits are frequently altered in cancer by various mechanisms, including genetic alterations and post-transcriptional mechanisms.

A new species of Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Altamira Caves (Cantabria, Spain).

This paper describes from the Altamira Caves, municipal district of Santillana del Mar (Cantabria, Spain), and five other caves near the coast of Cantabria (northern Spain). Its taxonomic position is discussed and differences and similarities among morphologically and geographically close species are highlighted. The new species can be identified by its five eyes, the basal and small inner paired teeth on the claw, and the length of the uncrenulated part of the distal dens.

Sarcoma treatment in the era of molecular medicine.

Sarcomas are heterogeneous and clinically challenging soft tissue and bone cancers. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, sarcomas represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. More than 100 histological subtypes have been characterized to date, and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling.

Native drivers of fish life history traits are lost during the invasion process.

Rapid adaptation to global change can counter vulnerability of species to population declines and extinction. Theoretically, under such circumstances both genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity can maintain population fitness, but empirical support for this is currently limited. Here, we aim to characterize the role of environmental and genetic diversity, and their prior evolutionary history (via haplogroup profiles) in shaping patterns of life history traits during biological invasion.

Loss of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 1 and 2 Function in Liver Epithelial Cells Triggers Biliary Hyperproliferation Resembling Cholangiocarcinoma.

Targeted inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) has shown therapeutic potential in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)-related tumorigenesis. However, the cell-type-specific role and mechanisms triggered by JNK in liver parenchymal cells during CCA remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the relevance of JNK1 and JNK2 function in hepatocytes in two different models of experimental carcinogenesis, the dethylnitrosamine (DEN) model and in nuclear factor kappa B essential modulator (NEMO) mice, focusing on liver damage, cell death, compensatory proliferation, fibrogenesis, and tumor development.

Sociocognitive factors associated with lifestyle intervention attrition after successful weight loss among participants with prediabetes-The PREVIEW study.

Introduction: Major risk factors for type 2 diabetes are lifestyle choices such as lack of physical activity (PA) and poor diet. Many individuals either do not take part or struggle to complete interventions supporting lifestyle changes. Demographic and theory-based sociocognitive factors associated with PREVIEW intervention attrition after successful weight loss were examined.

Root ABA and H-ATPase are key players in the root and shoot growth-promoting action of humic acids.

Although the ability of humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) to improve plant growth has been demonstrated, knowledge about the mechanisms responsible for the direct effects of HA and FA on the promotion of plant growth is scarce and fragmentary. Our study investigated the causal role of both root PM H-ATPase activity and ABA in the SHA-promoting action on both root and shoot growth. The involvement of these processes in the regulation of shoot cytokinin concentration and activity was also studied.

A pilot study on the Spanish version of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR) with carers of people with Parkinson's disease.

Aim: To report the cross-cultural adaptation and pilot study of the ongoing validation of the Spanish version of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale with carers of people with Parkinson's disease.

Design: Cross-cultural adaptation and pilot study with a cross-sectional validation design of the Spanish version of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale - Carers.

Methods: Twenty-one carers of people with Parkinson's disease from a Primary Care practice in Spain were recruited and completed the PAIS-Carers, the SF-36 Health Survey, the Brief COPE Inventory and an assessment form.