Are1-mediated nitrogen metabolism is associated with iron regulation in the mycoparasite Trichoderma atroviride.

Trichoderma atroviride is a mycoparasitic fungus with antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens and is used as a pathogen control agent alternative to synthetic fungicides. Sensing nutrient availability in the environment and adjusting metabolism for optimal growth, development and reproduction is essential for adaptability and is relevant to its mycoparasitic activity. During mycoparasitism, secondary metabolites are produced to weaken the fungal prey and support the attack.

Cytosolic UDP-L-arabinose synthesis by bifunctional UDP-glucose 4-epimerases in Arabidopsis.

L-Arabinose (L-Ara) is a plant-specific sugar found in cell wall polysaccharides, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and small glycoconjugates, which play physiologically important roles in cell proliferation and other essential cellular processes. L-Ara is synthesized as UDP-L-arabinose (UDP-L-Ara) from UDP-xylose (UDP-Xyl) by UDP-Xyl 4-epimerases (UXEs), a type of de novo synthesis of L-Ara unique to plants. In Arabidopsis, the Golgi-localized UXE AtMUR4 is the main contributor to UDP-L-Ara synthesis.

Heat Treatment of Seeds to Control Invasive Common Ragweed (), Narrow-Leaved Ragwort () and Giant Hogweed ().

The intended or unintentional transport of soil material contaminated with weed seeds is one of the most important drivers in the spreading dynamics of invasive alien plants (IAPs). This phenomenon can be observed at any kind of construction site. Typical transfer of soil contaminated with IAP seeds can be observed along with road construction (soil translocation) or road maintenance services (deposit of mown plant biomass).

Bird diversity along an urban to rural gradient in large tropical cities peaks in mid-level urbanization.

The gradient from natural to urban areas strongly associates with the structure of avian communities over that gradient. Most research on urban birds is from temperate areas and knowledge from tropical Southeast Asia is lacking. We examined bird species diversity, relative abundance, and species composition along an urban to rural gradient in three Myanmar cities, and assessed potential environmental factors responsible for the changes.

Talking Different Languages: The Role of Plant-Plant Communication When an Invader Beats up a Strange Neighborhood.

Communication through airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and root exudates plays a vital role in the multifarious interactions of plants. Common ragweed ( L.) is one of the most troublesome invasive alien species in agriculture.

Extracts and Residues of Common Ragweed ( L.) Cause Alterations in Root and Shoot Growth of Crops.

Following the novel weapon hypothesis, the invasiveness of non-native species, such as common ragweed ( L.) can result from a loss of natural competitors due to the production of chemical compounds, which negatively affect native communities. Particularly the genus Ambrosia produces several types of organic compounds, which have the potential to inhibit germination and growth of other plants.

Independent human mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicle preparations differentially attenuate symptoms in an advanced murine graft-versus-host disease model.

Background Aims: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) harvested from conditioned media of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) suppress acute inflammation in various disease models and promote regeneration of damaged tissues. After successful treatment of a patient with acute steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) using EVs prepared from conditioned media of human bone marrow-derived MSCs, this study focused on improving the MSC-EV production for clinical application.

Methods: Independent MSC-EV preparations all produced according to a standardized procedure revealed broad immunomodulatory differences.

Investigating influencing factors for ICT adoption that changes travel behavior in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia.

Mobility and out-of-home activities restrictions from the COVID-19 pandemic have forced people to maximize their in-home activities. Considering the increase in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption during the outbreak, this paper tries to shed light on the factors that influence changing travel behavior. For these purposes, the study uses data collected through an online questionnaire during the outbreak in Indonesia, which was then analyzed using cluster and discriminant analyses.

Circulating miRNAs Respond to Denosumab Treatment After 2 Years in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis-the MiDeTe study.

Context: MicroRNAs (miRNAs)-short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs-regulate several biological processes, including bone metabolism.

Objective: We investigated circulating miRNAs as promising biomarkers for treatment monitoring in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis on denosumab (DMAB) therapy.

Methods: In this prospective, observational, single-center study, 21 postmenopausal women treated with DMAB were included for a longitudinal follow-up of 2 years.

Protein Adhesives: Investigation of Factors Affecting Wet Strength of Alkaline Treated Proteins Crosslinked with Glyoxal.

Proteins obtained as side-products from starch production (potato and corn proteins) were investigated for wood adhesives application. To improve the wet strength of protein-based adhesives, glyoxal was added as a crosslinking agent. The effect of glyoxal on the wet strength of protein-based adhesives was investigated at different pH, protein: glyoxal ratios and solid content.

Muscle-Specific Micro-Ribonucleic Acids miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p, and miR-133b Reflect Muscle Regeneration After Single-Dose Zoledronic Acid Following Rotator Cuff Repair in a Rodent Chronic Defect Model.

Background: Zoledronic acid improves bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties after chronic rotator cuff repair (RCR) in rats. Besides the positive effects of zoledronic acid on bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture, bisphosphonates have positive effects on skeletal muscle function.

Purposes/hypothesis: The purposes of this study were to (1) longitudinally evaluate circulating bone- and muscle-specific serum micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and (2) investigate supraspinatus muscle tissue after tenotomy and delayed RCR in a rat model.

-Alkylated Chitin Nanocrystals as a Collector in Malachite Flotation.

The majority of reagents currently used in mineral flotation processes are fossil-based and potentially harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to find environmentally-friendly alternatives to reduce the impact of mineral processing activities. Chitin nanocrystals are a renewable resource that, due to the natural presence of amino groups on its surface, represents a promising collector for various minerals of economic relevance.

3D (x-y-t) Raman imaging of tomato fruit cuticle: Microchemistry during development.

The cuticle is a protective extracellular matrix that covers the above-ground epidermis of land plants. Here, we studied the cuticle of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits in situ using confocal Raman microscopy.

Biomechanical properties of a suture anchor system from human allogenic mineralized cortical bone matrix for rotator cuff repair.

Background: Suture anchors (SAs) made of human allogenic mineralized cortical bone matrix are among the newest developments in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. Biomechanical properties of an allogenic mineralized suture anchor (AMSA) are not investigated until now. The primary objective was the biomechanical investigation of AMSA and comparing it to a metallic suture anchor (MSA) and a bioabsorbable suture anchor (BSA) placed at the greater tuberosity of the humeral head of cadaver humeri.

The management success of the invasive late goldenrod ( Aiton.) in a nature conservation area is strongly related to site, control measures and environmental factors.

The late goldenrod ( Aiton; Asteraceae) is one of the most abundant invasive species in various types of habitats. Its long-creeping plagiotropic rhizomes enable the plant to build up dense, monospecific stands within a short time. Particularly in nature conservation areas, the invasion of goldenrod can cause severe disruptions in the naturally occuring mutualims between plants, insects and higher trophic levels, subsequently impeding the achievement of nature conservation goals.

Physiologic isolation and expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for manufacturing of cell-based therapy products.

The utilization of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells raises new hopes in treatment of diseases and pathological conditions, while at the same time bringing immense challenges for researchers, manufacturers and physicians. It is essential to consider all steps along the in vitro fabrication of cell-based products in order to reach efficient and reproducible treatment outcomes. Here, the optimal protocols for isolation, cultivation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells are required.

Potential of Inulin-Fructooligosaccharides Extract Produced from Red Onion ( var. (Metz) Mansf.) as an Alternative Prebiotic Product.

Red onion is a popular ingredient in many Thai dishes and has recently been promoted for commercial cultivation. In this study, inulin-fructooligosaccharides (inulin-FOSs) were extracted from red onions in a simplified extraction method. The extract contained 24.

Factors Influencing the Load-Bearing Capacity of Rock as Base Material for Post-Installed Anchors.

In the case of fastenings on rock, as a result of the variability, it is quite difficult to make a preliminary assessment of the load-bearing capacity of rock as a base material. This paper therefore investigates which rock parameters next to an anchor position have an influence on the load-bearing capacity. For this purpose, tests are carried out on post-installed anchors in different lithologies in eastern Austria.

Container volume affects drought experiments in grapevines: Insights on xylem anatomy and time of dehydration.

Plant stress experiments are commonly performed with plants grown in containers to better control environmental conditions. Nevertheless, the container can constrain plant growth and development, and this confounding effect is generally ignored, particularly in studies on woody species. Here, we evaluate the effect of the container volume in drought experiments using grapevine as a model plant.

Evidence for an arginine-dependent route for the synthesis of NO in the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signalling molecule in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. NO levels transiently boost upon induction of conidiation in Aspergillus nidulans. Only one pathway for NO synthesis involving nitrate reductase has been reported in filamentous fungi so far, but this does not satisfy all the NO produced in fungal cells.

3D nanoscale analysis of bone healing around degrading Mg implants evaluated by X-ray scattering tensor tomography.

The nanostructural adaptation of bone is crucial for its biocompatibility with orthopedic implants. The bone nanostructure also determines its mechanical properties and performance. However, the bone's temporal and spatial nanoadaptation around degrading implants remains largely unknown.

No evidence of increased fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in capercaillie () due to wind turbines.

Wind energy facilities (WEFs) are a relatively novel impact on wildlife habitats, and an increasing number of studies show negative effects on wildlife. Increased stress-associated hormone levels are an indicator of disturbance effects, and measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FCM) levels is an established noninvasive method to study disturbance effects on wildlife. We studied whether FCM levels of capercaillie (), a locally threatened forest bird species with proven behavioral responses to WEF, are affected by WEF.

Enhancing flowering plant functional richness improves wild bee diversity in vineyard inter-rows in different floral kingdoms.

Wild bees are threatened by multiple interacting stressors, such as habitat loss, land use change, parasites, and pathogens. However, vineyards with vegetated inter-rows can offer high floral resources within viticultural landscapes and provide foraging and nesting habitats for wild bees. Here, we assess how vineyard management regimes (organic vs.