Non-targeted N-glycome profiling reveals multiple layers of organ-specific diversity in mice.

N-glycosylation is one of the most common protein modifications in eukaryotes, with immense importance at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level. Accurate and reliable N-glycan analysis is essential to obtain a systems-wide understanding of fundamental biological processes. Due to the structural complexity of glycans, their analysis is still highly challenging.

Masting ontogeny: the largest masting benefits accrue to the largest trees.

Background And Aims: Both plants and animals display considerable variation in their phe- notypic traits as they grow. This variation helps organisms to adapt to specific challenges at different stages of development. Masting, the variable and synchronized seed production across years by a population of plants, is a common reproductive strategy in perennial plants that can enhance reproductive efficiency through increasing pollination efficiency and decreasing seed predation.

Oceanic islands act as drivers for the genetic diversity of marine species: Cardita calyculata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the NE Atlantic as a case-study.

Geographic distribution, as well as evolutionary and biogeographic processes and patterns of marine invertebrate benthic species are strongly shaped by dispersal ability during the life cycle. Remote oceanic islands lie at the brink of complex biotic and abiotic interactions which have significantly influenced the biodiversity patterns we see today. The interaction between geological environmental change and taxon-specific dispersal modes can influence species evolutionary patterns, eventually delimiting species-specific biogeographic regions.

Mycotoxin profiles and plumpness of Tritordeum grain after artificial spike inoculation with Fusarium culmorum W.G. Smith.

The responses to artificial spike inoculation with Fusarium culmorum were compared in 11 Tritordeum lines, two durum wheat cultivars and one naked barley cultivar. Inoculation of Tritordeum spikes led to a significant decrease in spike weight, kernel weight per spike, and kernel weight (by 18, 28, and 16 %, respectively). Durum wheat responded most strongly to inoculation, particularly with regard to spike weight and kernel weight per spike (decrease of 42 % and 53 %, respectively).

Evaluating stress resilience of cyanobacteria through flow cytometry and fluorescent viability assessment.

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms characterised by their complex structures and a wide range of pigments. With their ability to fix CO, cyanobacteria are interesting for white biotechnology as cell factories to produce various high-value metabolites such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, pigments, or proteins. White biotechnology is the industrial production and processing of chemicals, materials, and energy using microorganisms.

Plasmon-Enhanced Multiphoton Polymer Crosslinking for Selective Modification of Plasmonic Hotspots.

A novel approach to selectively modify narrow subareas of metallic nanostructures adjacent to plasmonic hotspots, where strong electromagnetic field amplification occurs upon localized surface plasmon (LSP) excitation, is reported. In contrast to surface plasmon-triggered polymerization, it relies on plasmonically enhanced multiphoton crosslinking (MPC) of polymer chains carrying photoactive moieties. When they are contacted with metallic nanostructures and irradiated with a femtosecond near-infrared beam resonantly coupled with LSPs, the enhanced field intensity locally exceeds the threshold and initiates MPC only at plasmonic hotspots.

Xylose Acetals - a New Class of Sustainable Solvents and Their Application in Enzymatic Polycondensation.

The use of organic solvents in academic research and industry applications is facing increasing regulatory pressure due to environmental and health concerns. Consequently, there is a growing demand for sustainable solvents, particularly in the enzymatic synthesis and processing of polyesters. Biocatalysts offer a sustainable method for producing these materials; however, achieving high molecular weights often necessitates use of solvents.

Effect of management system and dietary seasonal variability on environmental efficiency and human net food supply of mountain dairy farming systems.

Mountain dairy cattle farming systems are pivotal for the economy, as well as for social and environmental aspects. They significantly contribute to rural development, which is currently strongly prioritized in the common European Union agricultural policy; at the same time, they are also increasingly criticized for having a relatively high environmental impact (such as greenhouse gas emissions) per kilogram of product. Consequently, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental efficiency of 2 common alpine dairy farming systems, with a focus on the effects of grazing, considering the seasonal variability in feeding at the individual cow level and farm management over a 3-yr period.

Characterization of Ksg1 protein kinase-dependent phosphoproteome in the fission yeast S. pombe.

Ksg1 is an essential protein kinase of the fission yeast S. pombe that belongs to the AGC kinase family and is homologous to the mammalian PDPK1 kinase. Previous studies have shown that Ksg1 functions in the nutrient-sensing TOR signaling pathway and is involved in the phosphorylation and activation of other AGC kinases, thereby affecting various downstream targets related to metabolism, cell division, stress response, and gene expression.

From Industry 5.0 to Forestry 5.0: Bridging the gap with Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence.

Purpose Of The Review: Recent technological innovations in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have successfully revolutionized many industrial processes, enhancing productivity and sustainability, under the paradigm of Industry 5.0. It offers opportunities for the forestry sector such as predictive analytics, automation, and precision management, which could transform traditional forest operations into smart, effective, and sustainable practices.

Splicing by Overlap Extension PCR for the Production of Fusion Proteins.

Fusion proteins are valuable molecules to meet different demands related to the development of biopharmaceuticals and bioprocesses. In human therapy, they are used to improve the half-life of biologics by modifying the biophysical properties of the proteins. In biotechnology, the design of fusion proteins can standardize the establishment of production clones and the purification process.

Chemical composition of anti-microbially active fractions derived from extract of filamentous fungus Keratinophyton Lemmensii including three novel bioactive compounds.

Screening for new bioactive microbial metabolites, we found a novel okaramine derivative, for which we propose the trivial name lemmokaramine, as well as two already known okaramine congeners - okaramine H and okaramine J - responsible for antimicrobial activity of the recently described microscopic filamentous fungus, Keratinophyton lemmensii BiMM-F76 (= CCF 6359). In addition, two novel substances, a new cyclohexyl denominated lemmensihexol and a new tetrahydroxypyrane denominated lemmensipyrane, were purified and characterized. The compounds were isolated from the culture extract of the fungus grown on modified yeast extract sucrose medium by means of flash chromatography followed by preparative HPLC.

Characterization of MSC Growth, Differentiation, and EV Production in CNF Hydrogels Under Static and Dynamic Cultures in Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold immense therapeutic potential due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. However, to utilize this potential, it is crucial to optimize their in vitro cultivation conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) culture methods using cell-laden hydrogels aim to mimic the physiological microenvironment in vitro, thus preserving MSC biological functionalities.

BioMOF@cellulose Glycerogel Scaffold with Multifold Bioactivity: Perspective in Bone Tissue Repair.

The development of new biomaterials for musculoskeletal tissue repair is currently an important branch in biomedicine research. The approach presented here is centered around the development of a prototypic synthetic glycerogel scaffold for bone regeneration, which simultaneously features therapeutic activity. The main novelty of this work lies in the combination of an open meso and macroporous nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)-based glycerogel with a fully biocompatible microporous bioMOF system (CaSyr-1) composed of calcium ions and syringic acid.

No Future Growth Enhancement Expected at the Northern Edge for European Beech due to Continued Water Limitation.

With ongoing global warming, increasing water deficits promote physiological stress on forest ecosystems with negative impacts on tree growth, vitality, and survival. How individual tree species will react to increased drought stress is therefore a key research question to address for carbon accounting and the development of climate change mitigation strategies. Recent tree-ring studies have shown that trees at higher latitudes will benefit from warmer temperatures, yet this is likely highly species-dependent and less well-known for more temperate tree species.

Energy and nutrient recovery from municipal and industrial waste and wastewater-a perspective.

Unlabelled: This publication highlights the latest advancements in the field of energy and nutrient recovery from organics rich municipal and industrial waste and wastewater. Energy and carbon rich waste streams are multifaceted, including municipal solid waste, industrial waste, agricultural by-products and residues, beached or residual seaweed biomass from post-harvest processing, and food waste, and are valuable resources to overcome current limitations with sustainable feedstock supply chains for biorefining approaches. The emphasis will be on the most recent scientific progress in the area, including the development of new and innovative technologies, such as microbial processes and the role of biofilms for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater, as well as the production of biofuels and value-added products from organic waste and wastewater streams.

Towards a task to assess boredom-like states in pigs-Stimulus validation as a basis.

Animal boredom is a potentially prevalent, but underresearched animal welfare concern. To study the characteristics of boredom and its welfare consequences, we need to be sure that animals are actually bored and do not suffer from other negatively valenced states like apathy and depression. Animals' responses towards stimuli of different valence (positive, ambiguous, negative) have been suggested to help differentiating between these states.

Long-term surveys of ungulates' effects on tree and shrub species in mountainous forests -outcomes and potential limits.

Ungulate herbivory might induce different effects on the diversity and growth of trees and shrubs. The density, distribution, and the species of ungulates as well as plant communities' composition and other factors determine whether ungulate herbivory promotes or limits plants' diversity and growth. The impacts of ungulates on woody plants are commonly surveyed with exclosure-control approaches.

Root exudation patterns of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines in response to P limitation.

Rice exudation patterns changed in response to P deficiency. Higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production. Total carboxylate exudation rates mostly decreased under P-limiting conditions.

Understanding fungal and plant active urea transport systems: Keys from Aspergillus nidulans and beyond.

Urea is present in all ecosystems, as a result of the metabolism of different organisms and also of human activity, being the world's most common form of nitrogen fertilizer. Fungi and plants can use urea as a nitrogen source, taking it up from the environment through specialized active transport proteins. These proteins belong to a subfamily of urea/H symporters included in the Solute:Sodium Symporter (SSS) family of transporters.