Drug Delivery (Nano)Platforms for Oral and Dental Applications: Tissue Regeneration, Infection Control, and Cancer Management.

The oral cavity and oropharynx are complex environments that are susceptible to physical, chemical, and microbiological insults. They are also common sites for pathological and cancerous changes. The effectiveness of conventional locally-administered medications against diseases affecting these oral milieus may be compromised by constant salivary flow.

Disentangling eumelanin "black chromophore": visible absorption changes as signatures of oxidation state- and aggregation-dependent dynamic interactions in a model water-soluble 5,6-dihydroxyindole polymer.

A fundamental unsettled issue concerning eumelanins, the functional biopolymers of human skin and hair, is why they are black. The experimental difficulty lies in the virtual insolubility of these pigments, causing marked scattering effects and hindering characterization of the intrinsic absorption properties of the heterogeneous species produced by oxidative polymerization of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and related monomer precursors. The synthesis of spectrally robust, water-soluble DHI polymers is therefore an important goal in the prospects of disentangling intrinsic absorption properties of eumelanin components by circumventing scattering effects.

Tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of 17beta-estradiol: structure elucidation of the products formed beyond catechol estrogen quinones.

This paper reports a systematic characterization of the products formed by oxidation of 17beta-estradiol (1) with tyrosinase/O2 at low concentrations of physiological relevance. With the substrate at 1-10 nM concentration, the main reaction products included, beside the catechol estrogens 2-hydroxyestradiol (2) and 4-hydroxyestradiol (3), 6-oxo-2-hydroxyestradiol (4), 9,11-dehydro-2-hydroxyestradiol (6), 6,7-dehydro-2-hydroxyestradiol (7), and 9,11-dehydro-4-hydroxyestradiol (10). At higher estradiol concentrations, e.

Oxidative coupling of 17beta-estradiol: inventory of oligomer products and configuration assignment of atropoisomeric c4-linked biphenyl-type dimers and trimers.

The oxidation chemistry of 17beta-estradiol (1) is of central relevance to the nongenomic effects of estrogens and offers valuable prospects in the search for novel steroidal scaffolds of academic and industrial interest. Herein, we report the results of a detailed investigation into the nature of the oligomer products formed by phenolic oxidation of 1. Of the oxidants tested, the peroxidase/H2O2 system proved to be the most effective in inducing conversion of 1 to a complex mixture of oligomer species.