Maternal long-term inhalation exposure to perchloroethylene and prenatal teratogenicity: morphometric, hormonal, and histological study.

Some commonly used chemicals have teratogenic effects. Perchloroethylene (PCE) is a liquid that is widely used in various industries and drying clothes. In this study, the teratogenic effects of PCE in rat embryos were investigated.

Foot Orthoses Enhance the Effectiveness of Exercise, Shockwave, and Ice Therapy in the Management of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome.

Objective: Our aim was to assess the effects of adding arch-support foot-orthoses (ASFO) to a multimodal therapeutic intervention on the perception of pain and improvement of recovery from medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) in recreational runners.

Design: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Sport training and medical centers.

Adding Mindfulness Practice to Exercise Therapy for Female Recreational Runners With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Context: Considering current models that highlight the role of psychological components in pain management, mindfulness practice may be an effective strategy in the management of pain.

Objective: To examine the effects of adding an 8-week mindfulness program to exercise therapy on the perceptions of pain severity, knee function, fear of movement, and pain catastrophizing of female recreational runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Synthesis of cobalt tetra-2,3-pyridiniumporphyrazinato with sulfonic acid tags as an efficient catalyst and its application for the synthesis of bicyclic -aminocarbonitriles, cyclohexa-1,3-dienamines and 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines.

Cobalt tetra-2,3-pyridiniumporphyrazinato with sulfonic acid tag [Co(TPPASOH)]Cl was produced and catalyzed the synthesis of -aminocarbonitriles, cyclohexa-1,3-dienamines and 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines. The synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines by using [Co(TPPASOH)]Cl proceeded a cooperative vinylogous anomeric based oxidation mechanism. [Co(TPPASOH)]Cl can be recycled and reused six times with a marginal decreasing of its catalytic activity.

Experimental and theoretical insights into the synthesis of α-aminoalkyl naphthol derivatives catalyzed by a manganese complex immobilized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

The full details of the synthesis of α-aminoalkyl naphthol derivatives promoted by a manganese complex immobilized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs@Mn-bpy) are described, with a particular focus on theoretical mechanistic aspects. After characterization studies on the nanocatalyst prepared from a homogeneous manganese complex, we optimized the catalytic reaction conditions, and the heterogeneous nanocatalyst showed important features such as higher efficiency and reusability compared to other reported catalysts. α-Aminoalkyl naphthol derivatives were obtained in excellent chemical yields and short reaction times and with high turnover numbers.

Catalytic application of new manganese Schiff-base complex immobilized on chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles for one-pot synthesis of 3-iminoaryl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.

In this paper, new chitosan (CS) coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) supported manganese Schiff-base complex was designed, synthesized and screened as an efficient, reusable nanocatalyst by the three-component reaction of various aldehyde derivatives with trimethylsilyl cyanide and 2-aminopyridine for the synthesis of 3-iminoaryl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (IAIP) derivatives. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) have been used to characterize the nanocatalyst before reaction. For the first time, earlier than immobilizing of manganese complex, the chitosan-coated FeO nanoparticles prepared through covalent bond formation between CS and chlorosilane-modified MNPs which were treated with triethylamine.

Theoretical Study on the Aza-Diels-Alder Reaction Catalyzed by PHCl Lewis Acid via Pnicogen Bonding.

The reaction mechanism of the Aza-Diels-Alder (A-D-A) cycloaddition reaction between XC═NNH, where X = H, F, Cl, Br, and 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by a PHCl Lewis acid was characterized using density functional theory calculations. The influences of various substituents of X on the studied reaction were analyzed using the activation strain model (ASM), which is also termed as the distortion-interaction model. Calculations showed that the smallest and largest values of the activation energies belong to the substituents of F and Br, respectively.