1,782 results match your criteria: "University of NSW[Affiliation]"

Should medical schools psychologically screen medical school applicants and students? Arguably, psychological screening could be used to identify at-risk candidates who have psychological conditions that make them more likely to act unprofessionally. In this column we analyse the arguments for and against such screening. We argue that psychological testing should be used by medical schools as part of a program to support students so that they are at less risk of engaging in poor professional behaviour.

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Background: TRK-inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy across several cancers with NTRK fusions. Their activity in cancers with NTRK overexpression remains unclear.

Methods: This trial enrolled patients with advanced cancers harboring NTRK fusions or extreme mRNA overexpression, defined as NTRK1/2/3 expression by RNA profiling >5 SDs for a given cancer type.

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Background: The frequency of EoE has been increasing in Northern Hemisphere cohorts, yet there is a scarcity of data in our region. Regional climatic factors, and lifestyle habits may influence the presentation of EoE, and appropriate management is crucial to prevent complications. WIth this is mind we undertook the first comprehensive multisite study of EoE in Australasian children.

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Emerging clinical evidence of a dual role for Ang-2 and VEGF-A blockade with faricimab in retinal diseases.

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

December 2024

Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 150 N. Orange Grove Blvd, Suite 232, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies have transformed the treatment of retinal diseases. However, VEGF signaling is only one component of the complex, multifactorial pathophysiology of retinal diseases, and many patients have residual disease activity despite ongoing anti-VEGF treatment. The angiopoietin/tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Ang/Tie2) signaling pathway is critical to endothelial cell homeostasis, survival, integrity, and vascular stability.

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Infiltrative Myocardial T-Cell Lymphoma.

JACC Case Rep

December 2024

Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

We report a unique case involving cardiac manifestation of T-cell lymphoma and associated risk management of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. A 39-year-old woman presented with a syndrome consistent with fever in a returned traveler, ultimately diagnosed with stage IV peripheral T-cell lymphoma involving the myocardium with ventricular tachycardia. Management of risk of sudden cardiac death was complicated by hematological management with an antibody-drug conjugate chemotherapy regimen and later autologous stem cell transplant.

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Insomnia is common in adolescents with associated negative health consequences. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia interventions on insomnia symptoms and subjective sleep quality in adolescents aged 10-19 years. Key electronic databases, including CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus, were systematically searched from inception to October 2024, and five randomised controlled trials met inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis.

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Electroconvulsive therapy use in New South Wales between 1944 and 1949.

Australas Psychiatry

December 2024

Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of NSW, Sydney, AU -NSW, Australia.

Aims: To identify clinical and other factors associated with the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in New South Wales for the period 1944-1949 and to compare with contemporaneous practice.

Method: Annual reports of the Inspector-General of Mental Hospitals in NSW (1944/45 to 1948/49) were examined.

Main Findings: Seven hospitals reported a total of 8964 courses of treatment during the period.

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Neurophysiological assessment of cortical motor function: A direct comparison of methodologies.

Clin Neurophysiol

December 2024

Neuroscience Research Australia, 139 Barker Street, Randwick, 2031, Sydney, Australia; University of NSW and Department of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Area Health Service, Sydney, Australia.

Objective: Assessment of cortical function with threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation (TT-TMS) has developed as a biomarker to inform disease pathophysiology, particularly in neurodegenerative disease and dementia. At present, a fully integrated testing system does not exist. To advance clinical utility, and to streamline software design to integrate with diagnostic approaches in an outpatient setting, the present series of studies assessed the effects of altering diagnostic paradigms to measure interstimulus interval (ISI) including serial ascending [T-SICIs] and parallel [T-SICIp] methodologies as measures of cortical motor function (the MagXite software).

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The Hoary Bat Chalinolobus nigrogriseus is the only species of the genus known from the island of New Guinea. A new species of Chalinolobus from Papua New Guinea is described based on DNA sequence and morphological criteria using material previously assigned to C. nigrogriseus.

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Article Synopsis
  • Despite progress in recognizing and diagnosing spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) in the last decade, there is still limited understanding of its mechanisms, contributing factors, and effective treatments.
  • The text highlights research gaps in SCAD and suggests strategies like patient advocacy, independent registries, and specialized centers to improve clinical care and research outcomes.
  • Additionally, it presents a patient-centered clinical care and research framework developed by the SCAD Alliance and International SCAD registry as a model to enhance understanding and management of this condition.
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Article Synopsis
  • * Over 16,000 patients were screened, revealing a high prevalence of CI (37.8%) and a significantly higher rate of hospital-acquired complications (HACs) in those with CI, but the intervention did not lead to a significant reduction in HAC rates.
  • * The results showed variations in the program’s implementation across hospitals, and despite some slight overall reductions in HAC rates, these changes were not statistically significant, suggesting the need for further refinement in intervention strategies.
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As advancements in total knee arthroplasty progress at an exciting pace, two areas are of special interest, as they directly impact implant design and surgical decision making. Knee morphometry considers the three-dimensional shape of the articulating surfaces within the knee joint, and knee phenotyping provides the ability to categorize alignment into practical groupings that can be used in both clinical and research settings. This annotation discusses the details of these concepts, and the ways in which they are helping us better understand the individual subtleties of each patient's knee.

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Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis in Australia and New Zealand-A Multi-Site Snapshot for 2022.

Heart Lung Circ

November 2024

Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address:

Objective: To estimate the burden of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) through a cross- sectional 'snapshot' of Australian Amyloidosis Network (AAN) and New Zealand (NZ) specialist amyloidosis clinics.

Design, Setting & Participants: A prospective survey was performed of seven AAN/ specialist amyloidosis clinics across Australia and NZ. All centres were invited to contribute data; participating centres provided clinical and demographic data for patients with ATTR-CA reviewed in the 2022 calendar year.

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Medicare policy changes to primary health care funding for Australia's indigenous Peoples 1996-2023: a scoping review.

Int J Equity Health

November 2024

Yardhura Walani Centre, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia.

Background: The Australian Government began implementing Medicare policies in the late 1990s aiming to improve Indigenous Peoples' access to the primary care. No aggregate central list of what policies have been implemented exists. The aim of this review was twofold: first to perform a scoping review to identify any literature mentioning a policy implemented between 1996 and 2023 regarding Indigenous Peoples' access to Medicare or the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for primary care, and secondly to synthesise and describe any policies to enable learning from past successes and failures.

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Article Synopsis
  • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in New South Wales experience significantly higher rates of cervical cancer compared to non-Aboriginal women, with an incidence rate of 17.29 per 100,000 versus 6.77 per 100,000.
  • Despite similar overall treatment rates and survival outcomes, Aboriginal women often face barriers to surgical and radiotherapy treatments, especially if they are socioeconomically disadvantaged or live in remote areas.
  • There is a pressing need for targeted interventions to improve access to cervical cancer care for younger Aboriginal women, addressing issues related to diagnosis, treatment, and the broader socioeconomic impacts of the disease.
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Article Synopsis
  • Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe skin condition that causes blisters and other complications, and this study tested the safety of losartan, a medication that may slow its progression.
  • The study was a phase 1/2 trial involving children aged 2-16 with confirmed RDEB, focusing on identifying any serious side effects of losartan over a treatment period of 10 months.
  • Primary safety concerns monitored included severe drops in blood pressure, allergic reactions, and changes in potassium levels, along with evaluating the drug's effectiveness through various clinical scores.
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As the possibility of implementing population genomic screening programs for the risk of developing hereditary cancers in health systems increases, understanding how to support individuals who wish to have genomic screening is essential. This qualitative study aimed to link public perceived barriers to a) taking up the offer of population genomic screening for breast or prostate cancer risk and b) taking up risk-management options following their result, with possible theory-informed behaviour-change approaches that may support implementation. Ten focus groups were conducted with a total of 25 members of the Australian public to identify and then categorise barriers within the behaviour-change Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behaviour (COM-B) model.

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Background: Participation of health service staff in research improves health outcomes and adherence to clinical guidelines. To increase research participation, many health services seek to build research capacity which adds to the development of individual and organisational skills and abilities in order to conduct health research. Numerous approaches to research capacity building have been trialed with inter- and intra-institutional, or university-health service collaborative approaches being frequently described strategies.

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Background: We aimed to develop risk tools for dementia, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and diabetes, for adults aged ≥ 65 years using shared risk factors.

Methods: Data were obtained from 10 population-based cohorts (N = 41,755) with median follow-up time (years) for dementia, stroke, MI, and diabetes of 6.2, 7.

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BACKGROUNDDespite an overall poor prognosis, about 15% of patients with advanced-stage tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) survive 10 or more years after standard treatment.METHODSWe evaluated the tumor microenvironment of this exceptional, understudied group using a large international cohort enriched for long-term survivors (LTS; 10+ years; n = 374) compared with mid-term (MTS; 5-7.99 years; n = 433) and short-term survivors (STS; 2-4.

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Defect Chemistry of Titanium Dioxide (Rutile). Progress Toward Sustainable Energy.

Chem Rev

November 2024

School of Computer, Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2752, Australia.

Article Synopsis
  • - This work discusses the defect chemistry of rutile titanium dioxide (TiO) and explores how reversible atomic-size structural defects can be engineered for improved TiO-based energy materials, like photoelectrodes and photocatalysts.
  • - It emphasizes the importance of using thermodynamics in understanding and manipulating surface defects, which play a crucial role in enhancing reactivity and performance of these materials under operational conditions.
  • - The study introduces a high-temperature electron probe as a reliable tool for monitoring defect-related surface properties, leading to new insights into stable performance during processes like photoelectrochemical water splitting and the operation of solid oxide fuel cells.
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A call for further study and use of transformational leadership in pharmacy education and practice: Hope and reinvigoration.

Res Social Adm Pharm

January 2025

School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of NSW Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:

This paper calls for further study of transformational leadership and its further use in educating PharmD students as well as inclusion of continuing education programming and mentoring the behaviours of current pharmacists. It does not present an argument for reduction in use or diminishment of other leadership theories, many of which have at least some overlap with transformational leadership. Rather, emphasis on transformation leadership might be one of many solutions to challenges plaguing the profession currently, with some sense of negativity and challenging workplace conditions among many pharmacists; support personnel and drug shortages; and a need for more collegial citizenship behaviors and stronger organizational culture.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigated windswept deformity (WSD) of the knee, focusing on differences between healthy individuals and those with osteoarthritis (OA).
  • It involved a detailed comparison of 500 healthy knees and 710 OA knees to measure significant angles related to knee alignment.
  • Results showed that WSD was significantly more common in the OA group, with certain factors like meniscectomy and rheumatoid arthritis being linked to its development. *
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