Population-based birth cohort study on diabetes in pregnancy and infant hospitalisations in Cree, other First Nations and non-Indigenous communities in Quebec.

Objectives: Diabetes in pregnancy, whether pre-gestational (chronic) or gestational (de novo hyperglycaemia), increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. It is unclear whether gestational diabetes increases the risk of postnatal morbidity in infants. Cree First Nations in Quebec are at high risk for diabetes in pregnancy.

Image reconstruction using UNET-transformer network for fast and low-dose PET scans.

Introduction: Low-dose and fast PET imaging (low-count PET) play a significant role in enhancing patient safety, healthcare efficiency, and patient comfort during medical imaging procedures. To achieve high-quality images with low-count PET scans, effective reconstruction models are crucial for denoising and enhancing image quality. The main goal of this paper is to develop an effective and accurate deep learning-based method for reconstructing low-count PET images, which is a challenging problem due to the limited amount of available data and the high level of noise in the acquired images.

Hemimegalencephaly: A Systematic Comparison of Functional and Anatomic Hemispherectomy for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare diffuse malformation of cortical development characterized by unihemispheric hypertrophy, drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), hemiparesis, and developmental delay. Definitive treatment for HME-related DRE is hemispheric surgery through either anatomic (AH) or functional hemispherectomy (FH). This individual patient data meta-analysis assessed seizure outcomes of AH and FH for HME with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, predictors of Engel I, and efficacy of different FH approaches.

Performance evaluation of human cough annotators: optimal metrics and sex differences.

Introduction: Despite its high prevalence and significance, there is still no widely available method to quantify cough. In order to demonstrate agreement with the current gold standard of human annotation, emerging automated techniques require a robust, reproducible approach to annotation. We describe the extent to which a human annotator of cough sounds (a) agrees with herself (intralabeller or intrarater agreement) and (b) agrees with other independent labellers (interlabeller or inter-rater agreement); we go on to describe significant sex differences in cough sound length and epochs size.

Large serrated polyps indicate a greater risk of advanced metachronous colorectal neoplasia than high-grade adenomas.

The risk of developing total metachronous advanced neoplasia (TMAN) in patients with index serrated lesions (SL) or adenoma with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) is unknown. We evaluated this risk in patients with either HGD, SL < 10 mm or SL ≥ 10 mm at index colonoscopy, who underwent surveillance colonoscopies. This retrospective cohort study evaluated all consecutive patients (n = 2477) diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 with colorectal HGD, SLs < 10 mm or SLs ≥ 10 mm.

Second-trimester abortion and risk of live birth.

Background: Second-trimester abortion may result in a live birth, but the extent to which this outcome occurs is unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to examine rates of live birth after pregnancy termination in the second trimester and identify associated risk factors.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 13,777 second-trimester abortions occurring in hospital settings between April 1, 1989 and March 31, 2021 in Quebec, Canada.

Sacral neuromodulation in the golden years: Treatment outcomes in elderly 75 years and older.

Introduction: Despite high prevalence and increased severity and burden of overactive bladder (OAB) and fecal incontinence (FI) in the elderly, sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is often overlooked as a potential treatment option for this demographic. In this study, we report the outcomes of SNM in patients aged 75 years or older at the time of surgery.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent SNM implantation between 2013 and 2022 performed by a single, high-volume urologist at a tertiary center.

Hospitalization and hospital mortality rates during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec: interrupted time series and decomposition analysis.

Objectives: We investigated hospitalization and hospital mortality rates by cause during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec, Canada.

Study Design: Interrupted time series and decomposition analysis.

Methods: We analyzed hospital mortality during the first (February 25-August 22, 2020) and second waves (August 23, 2020-March 31, 2021), compared with 2019.

TALAPRO-3 clinical trial protocol: phase III study of talazoparib plus enzalutamide in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in combination with androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors are a promising therapeutic option for patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) and homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations. Here, we describe the design and rationale of the multinational, phase III, TALAPRO-3 study comparing talazoparib plus enzalutamide versus placebo plus enzalutamide in patients with mCSPC and HRR gene alterations. The primary end point is investigator-assessed radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) per RECIST 1.

Marginal versus Segmental Mandibulectomy in the Treatment of Oral Cavity Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

 Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is the most common malignancy in the oral cavity. Two types of mandibular resections have been described: the segmental mandibulectomy and the marginal mandibulectomy. Both may have a different impact over the quality of life, oncological prognosis, and functional or aesthetic result.

Epigenetic regulation of 15-lipoxygenase-1 expression in human chondrocytes by promoter methylation.

Objective And Design: 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) catalyzes the biosynthesis of many anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory lipid mediators and was reported to have protective properties in several inflammatory conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA). This study was designed to evaluate the expression of 15-LOX-1 in cartilage from normal donors and patients with OA, and to determine whether it is regulated by DNA methylation.

Methods: Cartilage samples were obtained at autopsy from normal knee joints and from OA-affected joints at the time of total knee joint replacement surgery.

Hemispheric epilepsy surgery for hemimegalencephaly: The UCLA experience.

Objectives: Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare congenital brain malformation presenting predominantly with drug-resistant epilepsy. Hemispheric disconnective surgery is the mainstay of treatment; however, little is known about how postoperative outcomes compare across techniques. Thus we present the largest single-center cohort of patients with HME who underwent epilepsy surgery and characterize outcomes.

Electrostimulation of the white matter of the posterior insula and medial operculum: perception of vibrations, heat, and pain.

This study aimed to characterize the sensory responses observed when electrically stimulating the white matter surrounding the posterior insula and medial operculum (PIMO). We reviewed patients operated on under awake conditions for a glioma located in the temporoparietal junction. Patients' perceptions were retrieved from operative reports.

Relugolix vs. Leuprolide Effects on Castration Resistance-Free Survival from the Phase 3 HERO Study in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Relugolix is an oral GnRH receptor antagonist approved for men with advanced prostate cancer. Relugolix treatment has demonstrated an ability to lower testosterone to sustained castration levels in the phase 4 HERO study. Herein, we describe the results of a secondary endpoint of castration resistance-free survival (CRFS) during 48 weeks of treatment and profile patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Measuring the observer (Hawthorne) effect on adenoma detection rates.

An independent observer can improve procedural quality. We evaluated the impact of the observer (Hawthorne effect) on important quality metrics during colonoscopies. In a single-center comparative study, consecutive patients undergoing routine screening or diagnostic colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled.

A new direction for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis among transplant recipients: Benefits and nonviral outcomes of letermovir use as primary CMV prophylaxis.

Purpose Of Review: Letermovir has changed the game of primary prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus (CMV) for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and more recently, solid organ transplant recipients. This is largely due to letermovir's similar efficacy in protecting against CMV reactivation and disease, along with its superior safety profile, notably reduced myelotoxicity, and lack of renal dose adjustment compared to standard agents like valganciclovir. This review will describe the potential benefits and clinical considerations of letermovir as prophylaxis among transplant recipients, with a focus on recent evidence describing nonviral outcomes of CMV.

Bilateral severe iatrogenic pigmentary glaucoma following laser treatment for cosmetic iris color change.

Purpose: We report a case of bilateral severe pigmentary glaucoma and paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) following laser treatment for iris color change.

Observations: A 32-year-old female presented to our emergency clinic after having undergone 4 sessions of bilateral cosmetic iris laser treatment in Turkey to lighten the color of her dark brown irides. Visual acuity was 20/150 in the right eye (OD) and counting fingers in the left eye (OS) at presentation.

IRF8 in Conjunction With CD123 and CD20 to Distinguish Lupus Erythematosus Panniculitis From Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like T-Cell Lymphoma.

Distinguishing lupus erythematosus panniculitis (LEP) from subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a diagnostic challenge with important clinical implications. Immunohistochemical expression of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) has been shown to highlight cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation. Considering that the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells highlighted by CD123 immunolabeling is a well-described feature that supports LEP over SPTCL, we hypothesized that IRF8 immunohistochemistry can be used as a diagnostic test to improve accuracy in differentiating LEP from SPTCL.

Assisted Reproductive Technology and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Parents and Offspring.

Background: The impact of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on the cardiovascular system is unclear.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 1,001,593 pregnancies conceived naturally or through ART from 2008 to 2019 in Québec to assess the association of ART with cardiovascular disease in families. The exposure measure was ART.