Methylmercury in subarctic amphibians: environmental gradients, bioaccumulation, and estimated flux.

Rapid warming in polar regions is causing large changes to ecosystems, including altering environmentally available mercury (Hg). Although subarctic freshwater systems have simple vertebrate communities, Hg in amphibians remains unexplored. We measured total Hg (THg) in wetland sediments and methylmercury (MeHg) in multiple life-stages (eggs to adults) of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) and larval boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) from up to 25 wetlands near Churchill, Manitoba (Canada), during the summers of 2018-2019.

Design of ()-3-(5-Thienyl)carboxamido-2-aminopropanoic Acid Derivatives as Novel NMDA Receptor Glycine Site Agonists: Variation in Molecular Geometry to Improve Potency and Augment GluN2 Subunit-Specific Activity.

NMDA receptor ligands have therapeutic potential in neurological and psychiatric disorders. We designed ()-3-(5-thienyl)carboxamido-2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives with nanomolar agonist potencies at NMDA receptor subtypes (GluN12/A-D). These compounds are superagonists at GluN1/2C compared to glycine and partial to full agonists at GluN1/2A and GluN1/2D but display functional antagonism at GluN1/2B due to low agonist efficacy.

Drought-Induced Weakening of Temperature Control on Ecosystem Carbon Uptake Across Northern Lands.

Rapid warming in northern lands has led to increased ecosystem carbon uptake. It remains unclear, however, whether and how the beneficial effects of warming on carbon uptake will continue with climate change. Moreover, the role played by water stress in temperature control on ecosystem carbon uptake remains highly uncertain.

Evaluation of the implementation of personalised outcomes forecasts to optimise supervised exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication: a multimethods process evaluation.

Background: Personalised outcomes forecasts (POFs) were introduced among physical and exercise therapists in the Netherlands to optimise supervised exercise therapy for patients with intermittent claudication. Yet, therapists' initial adoption and sustainable implementation of POFs can be influenced by various factors.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine therapists' adoption of the POFs, their fidelity to the measurement protocol for supervised exercise therapy, and their perceived barriers and facilitators for using POFs in practice.

Predictors of pelvic acceleration during treadmill running across various stride frequency conditions.

Pelvic running injuries often require extensive rehabilitation and pelvic girdle pain is a barrier to running engagement in population sub-groups, such as perinatal women. However, exploration into how external pelvic loading may be altered during running is limited. This study assessed which biomechanical variables influence changes in external peak pelvic acceleration during treadmill running, across various stride frequency conditions.

Quantification of variegated ommatidia with high-resolution image analysis and machine learning.

A longstanding challenge in biology is accurately analyzing images acquired using microscopy. Recently, machine learning (ML) approaches have facilitated detailed quantification of images that were refractile to traditional computation methods. Here, we detail a method for measuring pigments in the complex-mosaic adult eye using high-resolution photographs and the pixel classifier [1].

Population Genomics Reveals Local Adaptation Related to Temperature Variation in Two Stream Frog Species: Implications for Vulnerability to Climate Warming.

Identifying populations at highest risk from climate change is a critical component of conservation efforts. However, vulnerability assessments are usually applied at the species level, even though intraspecific variation in exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity play a crucial role in determining vulnerability. Genomic data can inform intraspecific vulnerability by identifying signatures of local adaptation that reflect population-level variation in sensitivity and adaptive capacity.

Early childhood vaccination coverage and patterns by rural-urban commuting area.

Introduction: National surveillance efforts have reported rural-urban disparities in childhood vaccination coverage by metropolitan statistical area designations, measured at the county level. This study's objective was to quantify vaccination trends using more discrete measures of coverage and rurality than prior work.

Methods: Serial, cross-sectional analyses of National Immunization Survey-Child restricted-use data collected in 2015-2021 for US children born 2014-2018 were conducted.

Menstrual cycle effects on thermoregulation while exercising in the heat.

Women may be challenged to maintain thermoregulation due to hormonal changes associated with the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the menstrual cycle phase on core temperature, hydration status, and perceived exertion while exercising under uncompensable heat gain. Eleven eumenorrheic women (24.

A Novel Telehealth Exercise Program Designed for Rural Survivors of Cancer With Cancer-Related Fatigue: Single-Arm Feasibility Trial.

Background: Exercise interventions are among the best-known interventions for cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Rural survivors of cancer, however, report specific barriers to engaging in exercise programs and lack overall access to effective programs.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the feasibility of a novel telehealth exercise program designed specifically for rural survivors of cancer with CRF.

Disability-Related Disparities in Screening for Intimate Partner Violence During the Perinatal Period: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Persons with disabilities are at higher risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) during the perinatal period than persons without disabilities. Although screening for IPV during the perinatal period is recommended by many organizations, little is known about screening rates for IPV by disability status.

Methods: Our objective was to compare rates of IPV screening during the perinatal period among persons with and without disabilities in the United States.

Invalid Vaccine Doses Among Children Aged 0 to 35 Months: 2011 to 2020.

Background And Objectives: Vaccine doses provided outside the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for minimum and maximum ages of vaccination and minimum intervals between doses are considered invalid. Our objective was to quantify the prevalence of and factors associated with invalid doses among US children aged 0 to 35 months.

Methods: We analyzed provider-verified vaccination records from the nationally representative 2011-2020 National Immunization Survey-Child.

Broadening and amplifying the effects of positive psychology courses on college student well-being, mental health, and physical health.

: In this study, we evaluated the effects of a semester-long, multi-component positive psychology course on undergraduate well-being, mental health, and physical health. : Using a quantitative, quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design, participants in the positive psychology course ( = 38) were compared to a control condition ( = 41) on measures of well-being, physical health, and mental health. The positive psychology course included traditional lectures, experiential homework, small group labs, and individual consultations.

Differences in content of care and outcomes between a clinical practice guideline adherent program and usual care for patellofemoral pain: A retrospective pilot study.

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee condition in young and active individuals that is managed with highly variable treatment strategies.

Objective: To determine whether the length, number of visits, and content of physical therapy care for patients with PFP differ between a Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) adherent program and usual care. Additionally, the percentage of patients reporting clinically important improvements in patient-reported outcomes in each group was evaluated as an exploratory aim.

Adapting the Role of Doulas to Enhance Supports for Perinatal People with Substance Use Disorders.

Purpopse: There is a gap in the current literature regarding how doula care may be implemented into existing systems in Montana to best address the needs of individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) during the perinatal period. Doulas may be particularly well positioned to reach a diverse range of patients, allowing them to feel supported and advocated for within the medical system. This study aims to illustrate the perspectives and experiences of doulas, individuals who have experienced perinatal SUDs, and maternal and mental health providers.

Medicaid‑Insured Children with Medical Complexity in a Rural State.

Objectives: To describe children with medical complexity (CMC) in Montana according to their clinical characteristics, rurality and distance from specialty care, and to assess for disparities in geographic access to specialty care for American Indian children.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study we categorized children in 2016-2021 Montana Medicaid claims data using the Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm and compared the associations of medical complexity and demographic traits using Chi-squared tests. Using a database of providers we calculated drive times from children's residences to the nearest pediatric subspecialist and calculated bootstrap confidence intervals for the difference in median driving distances by complexity and race.

Counting rare endosymbionts using digital droplet PCR.

is the most widespread animal-associated intracellular microbe, living within the cells of over half of insect species. Since they can suppress pathogen replication and spread rapidly through insect populations, is at the vanguard of public health initiatives to control mosquito-borne diseases. 's abilities to block pathogens and spread quickly are closely linked to their abundance in host tissues.

Protocol for generating human craniofacial cartilage organoids from stem-cell-derived neural crest cells.

Here, we present a protocol to generate craniofacial cartilage organoids from human stem cells via neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). We describe steps for inducing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to form NCSCs using sequential treatments of small molecules and growth factors and isolating NCSCs by magnetic bead sorting. We then detail procedures for defining conditions where NCSCs migrate together and self-organize into craniofacial cartilage organoids.

Association of urinary levels of trace metals with type 2 diabetes and obesity in postmenopausal women in Korea: A community-based cohort study.

Several toxic metals have been associated with metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) in humans. However, knowledge regarding the influence of many trace elements, especially in combination with essential elements is limited. This study aims to address this research gap by investigating the associations of both non-essential and essential inorganic trace elements in urine with DM and obesity, employing a group of postmenopausal women (n = 851) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort.

Impact of nocturnal oxygen enrichment on high-altitude acclimatization.

Nocturnal oxygen enrichment improves sleep at high altitudes but may impair acclimatization. Our purpose was to determine if nocturnal oxygen enrichment impacts acclimatization. A 7-day acclimatization protocol occurred at a field-based research site between 0 and 4,200 m.

Tree drought physiology: critical research questions and strategies for mitigating climate change effects on forests.

Droughts of increasing severity and frequency are a primary cause of forest mortality associated with climate change. Yet, fundamental knowledge gaps regarding the complex physiology of trees limit the development of more effective management strategies to mitigate drought effects on forests. Here, we highlight some of the basic research needed to better understand tree drought physiology and how new technologies and interdisciplinary approaches can be used to address them.

Climate Change Curriculum in a Network of US Family Medicine Residency Programs.

Physicians require climate-related training, but not enough is known about actual or desired training at the graduate medical education level. To quantify the climate curriculum provided within a network of family medicine residency programs in the Northwestern United States, to assess barriers to adoption of climate curricula, and to identify preferred climate-related content, delivery methods, and program actions. In fall 2021, residents and faculty in a family medicine residency network responded to a 25-item, anonymous, online survey about climate-related training within their programs.