Spontaneous Breathing and Evolving Phenotypes of Lung Damage in Patients with COVID-19: Review of Current Evidence and Forecast of a New Scenario.

The mechanisms of acute respiratory failure other than inflammation and complicating the SARS-CoV-2 infection are still far from being fully understood, thus challenging the management of COVID-19 patients in the critical care setting. In this unforeseen scenario, the role of an individual's excessive spontaneous breathing may acquire critical importance, being one potential and important driver of lung injury and disease progression. The consequences of this acute lung damage may impair lung structure, forecasting the model of a fragile respiratory system.

Environmental Safety of the 180-W GreenLight Laser: A Pilot Study On Plume And Irrigating Fluids.

Objective: To analyze the chemical composition of the surgical smoke and the outflow irrigation fluid produced during a common endourological surgical procedure to treat benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).

Methods: A prospective study was performed to analyze the surgical smoke generated during photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) using the 180-W GL-XPS GreenLight Laser system. Surgical smoke samples were collected from 5 patients, and irrigation fluid samples were collected from 5 different patients.

Association Between Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score and Adverse Tumor Pathology After Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: The Oncotype DX assay is a clinically validated 17-gene genomic assay that provides a genomic prostate score (GPS; scale 0-100) measuring the heterogeneous nature of prostate tumors. The test is performed on prostate tissue collected during biopsy. There is a lack of data on the association between the GPS and tumor pathology after radical prostatectomy (RP).

COVID-19 and slowdown of residents' activity: Feedback from a novel e-learning event and overview of the literature.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an e-learning online event, created for supporting resident's training during the slowdown of surgical and clinical activities caused by COVID-19 pandemic. An overview of PubMed literature depicting the state of the art of urology residency in the COVID-19 era was performed as well, to contextualize the issue.

Methods: An online learning event for residents was set up at the beginning of the pandemic; the faculty consisted of experts in urology who provided on-line lectures and videos on surgical anatomy, procedures, updates in guidelines, technology, training.

Cardiovascular disease prevention and therapy in women with Type 2 diabetes.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among men and women, although women are usually underdiagnosed and experience a delay in diagnosis. This also occurs in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, despite the fact that diabetes is recognized as a major cardiovascular risk factor. Several factors influence the gap between diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in women: lack of perception of cardiovascular risk, effects of sex-related risk factors and the action of drugs in women.

First-episode Psychosis and Migration in Italy: Results from a Study in the Italian Mental Health Services (Pep-Ita Study).

Background: Migrants present high rates of psychosis. A better understanding of this phenomenon is needed.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) prospective study over two years (January 2012-December 2013) to evaluate first-generation migrants presenting with FEP at the participating Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs).

Prostatic artery embolization for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly patients unfit for surgery: Our initial experience.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of prostatic artery embolization in the management of LUTS secondary to BPH in elderly patients unfit for surgery.

Materials And Methods: 17 elderly patients with moderate to severe LUTS/BPH were included in the study and treated with prostatic artery embolization. The patients were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography (to assess prostate size), IPSS, and PVR urine volume preoperatively and 6 months after the procedure.

Acute severe asthma: management and treatment.

Patients with acute asthma attack usually access the emergency room with severe functional impairment, despite low perception of symptoms. In this scenario, early functional assessment is essential focusing on vital parameters and respiratory function, alongside perceived dyspnea. Impairment of ventilatory mechanics due to progressive dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation should be promptly treated with medical inhalation and/or intravenous therapy, reserving intensive treatment in case of non-response and/or worsening of the clinical conditions.

"Shedding Light on Light": A Review on the Effects on Mental Health of Exposure to Optical Radiation.

In relation to human health and functioning, light, or more specifically optical radiation, plays many roles, beyond allowing vision. These may be summarized as: regulation of circadian rhythms; consequences of direct exposure to the skin; and more indirect effects on well-being and functioning, also related to lifestyle and contact with natural and urban environments. Impact on mental health is relevant for any of these specifications and supports a clinical use of this knowledge for the treatment of psychiatric conditions, such as depression or anxiety, somatic symptom disorder, and others, with reference to light therapy in particular.

Dynamic angiopoietin-2 assessment predicts survival and chronic course in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

This study examined the association between dynamic angiopoietin-2 assessment and COVID-19 short- and long-term clinical course. We included consecutive hospitalized patients from 1 February to 31 May 2020 with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 2 Italian tertiary referral centers (derivation cohort, n = 187 patients; validation cohort, n = 62 patients). Serum biomarker levels were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Worldwide Survey of COVID-19-Associated Arrhythmias.

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The curious and neglected soft-bodied meiofauna: Rouphozoa (Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes).

Gastrotricha and Platyhelminthes form a clade called Rouphozoa. Representatives of both taxa are main components of meiofaunal communities, but their role in the trophic ecology of marine and freshwater communities is not sufficiently studied. Traditional collection methods for meiofauna are optimized for Ecdysozoa, and include the use of fixatives or flotation techniques that are unsuitable for the preservation and identification of soft-bodied meiofauna.

Is orthorexia nervosa a feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder? A multicentric, controlled study.

Purpose: The term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined to describe altered thoughts and behaviours related to healthy eating. The prevalence of ON was found to scale up to almost 90% among high-risk populations (ballet dancers, athletes, and health workers). ON seem to share psychopathological aspects with both Eating Disorders (ED) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

Protein films from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae) prepupae: effect of protein solubility and mild crosslinking.

Background: This work evaluated the performances of protein-based bioplastics obtained from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae. Protein films were synthesized by film casting, using both the whole proteins and their soluble fraction at pH = 10. The effects of glycerol as a plasticizer and of citric acid as a mild crosslinker on film properties were also evaluated.

Initial Experience and Evaluation of a Nomogram for Outcome Prediction in Management of Medium-sized (1-2 cm) Kidney Stones.

Background: The gold standard treatment for solitary medium-sized (1-2 cm) renal stones is not defined by recent guidelines, since management modalities including shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) are recommended. Improved ability to predict patient outcomes would aid in patients' counseling and decision-making.

Objective: To develop a nomogram predicting treatment failure, based on preoperative clinical variables, to be used in the preplanning setting.

Erratum: ESHRE guideline: ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI.

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Definition of a Structured Training Curriculum for Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy with Intracorporeal Ileal Conduit in Male Patients: A Delphi Consensus Study Led by the ERUS Educational Board.

Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) continues to expand, and several surgeons start training for this complex procedure. This calls for the development of a structured training program, with the aim to improve patient safety during RARC learning curve. A modified Delphi consensus process was started to develop the curriculum structure.

Effects of lockdown on emergency room admissions for psychiatric evaluation: an observational study from the AUSL Romagna, Italy.

Objectives: An observation of the admissions to the emergency room (ER) requiring psychiatric evaluation during the lockdown and investigation of the demographic and clinical variables.

Methods: Retrospective longitudinal observational study of ER accesses for psychiatric evaluation was performed, comparing two periods (9 March-3 May 2020 vs. 9 March-3 May 2019).

Incidence of occupational contact dermatitis in healthcare workers: a systematic review.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) can be considered at an increased risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) due to repetitive hand washing with soaps and disinfectants and extended use of gloves for many hours during the day. The aim of this study was to summarize the incidence of OCD in HCWs. We searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE (1980-present), EMBASE (1980-present) and Cochrane Library (1992-present) through May 2020 using the search term 'incidence of contact dermatitis in HCWs' according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

High flow nasal therapy versus noninvasive ventilation as initial ventilatory strategy in COPD exacerbation: a multicenter non-inferiority randomized trial.

Background: The efficacy and safety of high flow nasal therapy (HFNT) in patients with acute hypercapnic exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the short-term effect of HFNT versus NIV in patients with mild-to-moderate AECOPD, with the hypothesis that HFNT is non-inferior to NIV on CO clearance after 2 h of treatment.

Methods: We performed a multicenter, non-inferiority randomized trial comparing HFNT and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in nine centers in Italy.