Retrospective Investigation of Pediatric Histoplasmosis Diagnosed at a Tertiary Children's Hospital in an Endemic Area over 11 years.

Background: Most histoplasmosis data are from adults. We describe pediatric histoplasmosis diagnosed at a tertiary pediatric care center in an endemic area.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients birth-18 years seen in our institution (January 1, 2010 - August 15, 2022) with histoplasmosis identified by International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes.

A Scoping Review of Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions With Youth in U.S. Juvenile Facilities.

Youth placed in U.S. juvenile detention facilities face multilevel barriers that contribute to disparate sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes when compared to their peers in the general adolescent population.

Editorial: Precision in Autism Interventions: Promise of Brief Observation of Social Communication Change.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a unique challenge in psychiatry, characterized by its complexity of individual cases. The rising prevalence of complex ASD cases prioritizes effective diagnosis, individualized intervention, and support strategies. Traditional tools such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) are valuable for diagnostics, but they struggle to capture the subtle changes in social communication skills.

Response Blocking to Identify Inappropriate Self-Feeding as a Motivation or a Skill Deficit.

Persistent inappropriate self-feeding (e.g., finger-feeding food typically consumed using a utensil after 14-24 months of age) is common for children with neurodevelopmental disorders and other delays and can result in energy and nutrient deficiencies.

Defining patient-reported outcomes in diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease for clinical practice guidelines - perspectives of the taskforce of the Guideline Workshop.

Recent clinical practice guidelines for diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) emphasise a holistic, person-centred approach to care. However, they do not include recommendations for the assessment of patient-reported outcomes (PROs), which would - dependent on the topic of guideline - be important for improving shared decision-making, patients' concordance with guideline recommendations, clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The Taskforce of the Guideline Workshop discussed PROs in diabetes, obesity, CVD and CKD as well as the relevance of their inclusion in clinical practice guidelines for the management of these conditions.

Comparison of Muscle Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Relation to Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality: The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Objective: To compare the association between muscle strength (MS), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Methods: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective longitudinal study comprising a random sample of adults; we excluded participants with a history of coronary heart disease or cancer, leaving 9896 men and women for analyses. A self-administered questionnaire at baseline (from October 10, 1991, to September 16, 1994) documented self-rated MS and CRF, categorized as low, moderate, or high.

Early amiodarone or lidocaine administration during in-hospital cardiac arrest caused by shockable rhythms.

Introduction: Published data investigating a time-dependent effect of initiation of antiarrhythmic therapy for shockable in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the association between time of intravenous amiodarone or lidocaine administration and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with IHCA caused by ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT).

Methods: This was a retrospective, multi-center, single health system, observational cohort study of patients with an IHCA caused by VF/pVT and who received amiodarone or lidocaine during 2014-2024.

Surgical management of pontine brainstem cavernous malformations: A systematic review Emphasizing safe entry zones and clinical outcomes.

Objective: Safe entry zones (SEZs) have emerged as important corridors for accessing brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCM) while minimizing morbidity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the surgical management of pontine BSCM via SEZs.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed for articles reporting on the surgical management of pontine BSCM via SEZ.

Depression and Low Social Support Mediate the Association of Marital Stress and 12-Month Cardiac-Specific Quality of Life in Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Objective: This study explored whether and how depression and low social support mediate the association between marital stress and cardiac-specific quality of life (QoL) in young adults (≤55 years) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: Data were obtained from 1593 married/partnered AMI survivors aged 18-55 years enrolled in the VIRGO study (2008-2012). Marital stress (Stockholm Marital Stress Scale) was self-reported at 1 month post-AMI and categorized as absent/moderate or severe.

Cardiac health, type I collagen, and aging in the mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta and a cohort of adults with OI.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder with marked skeletal fragility and increased recognition as a pleiotropic type I collagenopathy. The impact of OI-causing gene variants on cardiac health and lifespan is just beginning to be understood. To begin to investigate cardiac manifestations of OI-causing type I collagen variants, we utilized the osteogenesis imperfecta murine () model to examine survival with increased age, as well as cardiac function and collagen expression at 4 and 18 mo of age.

Another Crohn's Disease Mimicker: A Case of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Induced Intestinal Angioedema.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are a common cause of drug-induced angioedema, which rarely affects the gut. We present a 32-year-old White woman with Crohn's disease on lisinopril experiencing 1 year of episodic abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, prompting multiple steroid tapers and a switch in biologic therapy. She was hospitalized and was profoundly hypotensive on arrival.

Neuroimaging as a Tool for Advancing Pediatric Psychopharmacology.

Neuroimaging, specifically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and positron emission tomography (PET), plays an important role in improving the therapeutic landscape of pediatric neuropsychopharmacology by detecting target engagement, pathway modulation, and disease-related changes in the brain. This review provides a comprehensive update on the application of neuroimaging to detect neural effects of psychotropic medication in pediatrics. Additionally, we discuss opportunities and challenges for expanding the use of neuroimaging to advance pediatric neuropsychopharmacology.

Analyzing the Creation and Use of Abbreviations in Cardiology and Cardiac Imaging Society Guidelines.

Background: Abbreviation use in clinical and academic cardiology is widespread, yet there are few guidelines regulating the creation and utilization of abbreviations. Inconsistent abbreviations can introduce ambiguity and pose challenges to practice and research.

Objectives: The authors aimed to analyze how abbreviations are created and utilized in general cardiology and cardiac imaging society guidelines in order to assess whether ambiguities and discrepancies exist between societies.

Microbial Analyses of Subdural Empyema: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Subdural empyema (SDE) is an infection between the dura and arachnoid mater, presenting with symptoms such as fever, headache, altered sensorium, neurological deficits, and seizures. Due to its rapidly progressive nature, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. This paper aims to identify common pathogens, imaging findings, and the necessity of emergent neurosurgical intervention.

"Weigh Easy": Use of an At-Home Weight Reporting System to Improve Weight Monitoring in Infants With a Cleft.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and parental satisfaction of an at-home weight reporting system for the maintenance of weight stability in infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP).

Design: A prospective cohort of infants with CLP was provided an at-home scale to track weekly weights compared to a retrospective cohort of infants with CLP that underwent standard weight checks at routine healthcare appointments.

Setting: Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Dopamine D receptor antagonists alter autophosphorylation of focal adhesion kinases in the mouse forebrain in vivo.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in neurons of the developing and adult brain in addition to non-neuronal cells. Activation of FAK is initiated by autophosphorylation of the kinase at tyrosine 397 (Y397). Active FAK transmits extracellular signals inside neurons to integrate cytoskeletal rearrangements and modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity.

Etiology remains king: health-related quality of life outcome at 5 years following growth friendly instrumentation for EOS.

Purpose: The etiology of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) has been shown to significantly influence baseline parent-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures as assessed by the Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ). However, it remains unclear how etiology influences mid-term outcomes following growth friendly instrumentation (GFI) for EOS.

Methods: A retrospective review of a multi-center prospective spinal database was performed.

Transcatheter Management of Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Review of Contemporary Evidence.

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common valvular heart disease that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Traditional surgical interventions, though definitive, carry considerable complexities and risks, especially for high-risk patients, with in-hospital mortality rates of ˜9%. This resulted in the undertreatment of many patients with TR, creating a substantial unmet need.

Impact of advanced lung cancer inflammation index on all-cause mortality among patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis with reconstructed time-to-event data.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with systemic inflammation and hypercatabolic syndrome, impacting body metabolism. The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) is a novel inflammatory and nutritional biomarker. We aimed to investigate the prognostic role of ALI in patients with HF.

Weight Trajectories among Children with Down Syndrome: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives: To evaluate body mass index trajectories over time and to evaluate common comorbidities across a large, nationally representative sample of youth with Down syndrome (DS).

Study Design: This retrospective study included children ages 2-18 years within the Cerner Health Facts database with a diagnosis of DS and a medical visit between 2010 and 2017. Comorbid conditions were mapped into PheCodes (ie, ≥1 International Classification of Diseases codes that combine into specific diseases or traits) and were included if they occurred in ≥1% (145 PheCodes) of the sample.

Analysis of scoliosis rod deformation after cutting with a surgical rod cutter.

Purpose: Scoliosis is a complex multi-dimensional deformity of the spine that is common in children and adults. Of the various treatments for scoliosis, one is posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation. The rods typically used are composed of titanium or cobalt-chrome.

The relationship between optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging measurements in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Several studies show that optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics e with cognition, disability, and brain structure in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). This review the correlation between OCT parameters and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements in PwMS.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed, including studies published in English up to November 29, 2024 to identify studies reporting quantitative data on the correlation between baseline OCT parameters and MRI measurements in PwMS.