An atlas of small RNAs from potato.

Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), phased secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNA), and heterochromatic small interfering RNAs (hc-siRNA) are an essential component of gene regulation. To establish a broad potato small RNA atlas, we constructed an expression atlas of leaves, flowers, roots, and tubers of Desiree and Eva, which are commercially important potato () cultivars. All small RNAs identified were observed to be conserved between both cultivars, supporting the hypothesis that small RNAs have a low evolutionary rate and are mostly conserved between lineages.

Oxidative bridgehead functionalization of (4 + 3) cycloadducts obtained from oxidopyridinium ions.

Treatment of selected (4 + 3) cycloadducts derived from oxidopyridinium ions with -iodosuccinimide (NIS) in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) resulted in the formation of bridgehead ethers a net oxidative C-H activation.

Adult and student perspectives on racial and ethnic equity-informed school-based strategies.

Although racial and ethnic equity-informed school-based strategies are important to addressing racialized structures and processes that create and sustain racial trauma, disadvantage and disparity, little is known about the process of embedding racial and ethnic equity in school-based strategies and how adults and young people perceive them to promote a positive school climate and youth development. Using a qualitative research approach that included focus groups, this study examined student of color and school and community partner staff perceptions of the role and influence racial and ethnic equity-informed school-based strategies in one middle school have on the school's climate and students of color experiences and development. Findings suggest that racial and ethnic equity-informed social and emotional learning strategies are important in facilitating positive student-teacher interactions and identity and social-emotional development among students of color.

Late Cretaceous Paleoceanographic Evolution and the Onset of Cooling in the Santonian at Southern High Latitudes (IODP Site U1513, SE Indian Ocean).

The latest Cenomanian to Santonian sedimentary record recovered at IODP Expedition 369 Site U1513 in the Mentelle Basin (SE Indian Ocean, paleolatitude 60°S at 85 Ma) is studied to interpret the paleoceanographic evolution in the Southern Hemisphere. The planktonic foraminiferal assemblage changes, the depth ecology preferences of different species, and the surface and seafloor temperature inferred from the stable isotopic values measured on foraminiferal tests provide meaningful information to the understanding of the Late Cretaceous climate. The hothouse climate during the Turonian-Santonian, characterized by weak latitudinal temperature gradients and high atmospheric CO concentrations, is followed by a progressive cooling during the Campanian.

Bespoke nanostars: synthetic strategies, tactics, and uses of tailored branched gold nanoparticles.

Interest in branched colloidal gold nanosystems has gained increased traction due to the structures' outstanding optical and plasmonic properties, resulting in utilization in techniques such as surface-enhanced spectroscopy and bioimaging, as well as plasmon photocatalysis and photothermal therapy. The unique morphologies of nanostars, multipods, urchins, and other highly branched nanomaterials exhibit selective optical and crystallographic features accessible by alterations in the respective wet-chemical syntheses, opening a vast array of useful applications. Examination of discriminatory reaction conditions, such as seeded growth (, single-crystalline multiply twinned seeds), underpotential deposition of Ag(i), galvanic replacement, and the dual use of competing reducing and capping agents, is shown to reveal conditions necessary for the genesis of assorted branched nanoscale gold frameworks.

Solution structure of zinc-seamed -alkylpyrogallol[4]arene dimeric nanocapsules.

The structural stability and solution geometry of zinc-seamed--propylpyrogallol[4]arene dimers has been studied in solution using neutron scattering and 2D-DOSY NMR methods. In comparison with the structures of the analogous copper-/nickel-seamed dimeric entities, the spherical geometry of the PgCZn species ( = 9.4 Å; diffusion coefficient = 1.

PROTOCOL: Technology-based and digital interventions for intimate partner violence: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Introduction: Studies show digital interventions such as mobile and wireless platforms (e.g., smartphone apps, text messaging) and web-based platforms (online support groups and telehealth services) can improve the mental health outcomes for victims/survivors of partner abuse.

Animal Scanner: Software for classifying humans, animals, and empty frames in camera trap images.

Camera traps are a popular tool to sample animal populations because they are noninvasive, detect a variety of species, and can record many thousands of animal detections per deployment. Cameras are typically set to take bursts of multiple photographs for each detection and are deployed in arrays of dozens or hundreds of sites, often resulting in millions of photographs per study. The task of converting photographs to animal detection records from such large image collections is daunting, and made worse by situations that generate copious empty pictures from false triggers (e.

T wave oversensing in subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary to hematoma formation: A potential cause of early postimplantation inappropriate shocks.

T wave oversensing (TWOS) is the most common cause of inappropriate shocks in subcutaneous cardioverter-defibrillators (S-ICD). We are presenting a patient with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy who received a S-ICD while on antiplatelets therapy. Pressure dressing was applied due to significant bleeding.

Associations Between Self-Reported Symptoms and Gait Parameters Using In-Home Sensors in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disorder, characterized by exacerbations and remissions, often resulting in disability affecting multiple neurological functions. The purpose of this article was (1) to describe the frequencies of self-reported symptoms in a natural environment and (2) to determine characteristics and associations between self-reported symptoms and home gait parameters (speed, stride time, and stride length) at baseline and at 3 months in patients with MS.

Methods: Participants completed the self-report MS-Related Symptom Scale to measure symptoms.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated resistance to cauliflower mosaic virus.

Viral diseases are a leading cause of worldwide yield losses in crop production. Breeding of resistance genes ( gene) into elite crop cultivars has been the standard and most cost-effective practice. However, gene-mediated resistance is limited by the available genes within genetic resources and in many cases, by strain specificity.

Insulin-Stimulated Bone Blood Flow and Bone Biomechanical Properties Are Compromised in Obese, Type 2 Diabetic OLETF Rats.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases skeletal fragility and fracture risk; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. Impaired bone vascular function, in particular insulin-stimulated vasodilation and blood flow is a potential, yet unexplored mechanism. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of T2D on femoral biomechanical properties, trabecular microarchitecture, and insulin-stimulated bone vasodilation by comparison of hyperphagic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with normoglycemic control OLETF rats.

European wildcat populations are subdivided into five main biogeographic groups: consequences of Pleistocene climate changes or recent anthropogenic fragmentation?

Extant populations of the European wildcat are fragmented across the continent, the likely consequence of recent extirpations due to habitat loss and over-hunting. However, their underlying phylogeographic history has never been reconstructed. For testing the hypothesis that the European wildcat survived the Ice Age fragmented in Mediterranean refuges, we assayed the genetic variation at 31 microsatellites in 668 presumptive European wildcats sampled in 15 European countries.

Does plant immunity play a critical role during initiation of the legume-rhizobium symbiosis?

Plants are exposed to many different microbes in their habitats. These microbes may be benign or pathogenic, but in some cases they are beneficial for the host. The rhizosphere provides an especially rich palette for colonization by beneficial (associative and symbiotic) microorganisms, which raises the question as to how roots can distinguish such 'friends' from possible 'foes' (i.

Necroptosis: is there a role for mitochondria?

Once thought to be a random process of cell death, necrosis can proceed via a defined molecular mechanism and is integral to physiological and pathological states. In particular a form of necrosis called necroptosis has been the subject of intense investigation. Necroptosis is initiated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), which leads to the activation of the kinase receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1).

Interploidy hybridization barrier of endosperm as a dosage interaction.

Crosses between plants at different ploidy levels will often result in failure of endosperm development. The basis of this phenomenon has been attributed to parental gene imprinting of genes involved with endosperm development but a review of the data from maize indicates a dosage interaction between the contributions of the female gametophyte and the primary endosperm nucleus to early endosperm development. However, it is noted that parental imprinting is a non-mutational means that can alter dosage sensitive factors and therefore can contribute to this effect.

Case report of pancreatic dermoid cyst: can fine needle aspiration make the diagnosis?

Context: Pancreatic dermoid cysts are rare, benign, germ cell tumors and part of the differential diagnosis for cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.

Case Report: A 35-year-old man presented with an incidentally discovered, 2 cm cystic pancreatic neoplasm of the pancreatic tail identified on CT scan. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed a complex, honeycomb lesion.

Individual differences in motives, preferences, and pathology in video games: the gaming attitudes, motives, and experiences scales (GAMES).

A new measure of individual habits and preferences in video game use is developed in order to better study the risk factors of pathological game use (i.e., excessively frequent or prolonged use, sometimes called "game addiction").

Best Practice Guidelines in Assessment, Risk Reduction, Management, and Surveillance for Post-Breast Cancer Lymphedema.

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (LE) is a progressive, chronic disease that affects millions of cancer survivors and primarily results from surgical lymphatic vessel/node removal and radiation therapy. Patient education and support for importance of early detection is essential in helping health care providers detect lymphedema early, when there is the best chance to prevent progression. Improved imaging and surgical techniques have decreased the incidence of LE; however, effective risk-reduction and treatment have historically lacked the level of evidence necessary to standardize effective treatment.

Role of arginase in vessel wall remodeling.

Arginase metabolizes the semi-essential amino acid l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. There are two distinct isoforms of arginase, arginase I and II, which are encoded by separate genes and display differences in tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and molecular regulation. Blood vessels express both arginase I and II but their distribution appears to be cell-, vessel-, and species-specific.

How cholesterol regulates endothelial biomechanics.

As endothelial cells form the barrier between blood flow and surrounding tissue, many of their functions depend on mechanical integrity, in particular those of the plasma membrane. As component and organizer of the plasma membrane, cholesterol is a regulator of cellular mechanical properties. Disruption of cholesterol balance leads to impairment of endothelial functions and eventually to disease.

Using Passive Sensing to Estimate Relative Energy Expenditure for Eldercare Monitoring.

This paper describes ongoing work in analyzing sensor data logged in the homes of seniors. An estimation of relative energy expenditure is computed using motion density from passive infrared motion sensors mounted in the environment. We introduce a new algorithm for detecting visitors in the home using motion sensor data and a set of fuzzy rules.