Evidence for a selective link between cooperation and individual recognition.

The ability to recognize others is a frequent assumption of models of the evolution of cooperation. At the same time, cooperative behavior has been proposed as a selective agent favoring the evolution of individual recognition abilities. Although theory predicts that recognition and cooperation may co-evolve, data linking recognition abilities and cooperative behavior with evidence of selection are elusive.

Funding and Implementation of Recovery Oriented Treatment Programs in the US from 2006-2020.

Not much is known about funding for and implementation of Person-centered, long-term services - referred to as "recovery services." SAMSHA funding archives from 2004-2020 were analyzed using Latent Class Analysis (LCA). All 50 states (plus DC and Guam) received about 482 recovery-based grants from 2004-2020 (total from 2004-2020 = $425 million vs.

Cumulative Colorism in Criminal Courts.

A growing literature documents skin color stratification in punishment, whereby darker-skinned individuals fare worse than their lighter-skinned counterparts. Virtually all of this research has focused on colorism operating through direct channels. Utilizing a novel dataset linking the mugshots and court records of 6931 felony defendants from Miami-Dade County (Florida) from 2012 to 2015, we show that colorism in punishment, particularly for Hispanics, operates through indirect mechanisms - in addition to direct channels.

Effects of Cortisol Administration on Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Women with Depression.

Previous resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) research has identified several brain networks impacted by depression and cortisol, including default mode (DMN), frontoparietal (FPN), and salience networks (SN). In the present study, we examined the effects of cortisol administration on rsFC of these networks in individuals varying in depression history and severity. We collected resting-state fMRI scans and self-reported depression symptom severity for 74 women with and without a history of depression after cortisol and placebo administration using a double-blind, crossover design.

Circadian clock factors regulate the first condensation reaction of fatty acid synthesis in Arabidopsis.

The circadian clock regulates temporal metabolic activities, but how it affects lipid metabolism is poorly understood. Here, we show that the central clock regulators LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) regulate the initial step of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in seeds was increased in LHY-overexpressing (LHY-OE) and decreased in lhycca1 plants.

Association between microbiome and the development of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae after traumatic stress exposure.

Patients exposed to trauma often experience high rates of adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS). The biological mechanisms promoting APNS are currently unknown, but the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers an avenue to understanding mechanisms as well as possibilities for intervention. Microbiome composition after trauma exposure has been poorly examined regarding neuropsychiatric outcomes.

Overamped: Stimulant Use and HIV Pathogenesis.

Purpose Of Review: In the era of HIV treatment as prevention (TasP), more clarity is needed regarding whether people with HIV who use stimulants (i.e., methamphetamine, powder cocaine, and crack cocaine) display elevated HIV viral load and greater immune dysregulation.

Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential.

Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system. Remote-sensing estimates to quantify carbon losses from global forests are characterized by considerable uncertainty and we lack a comprehensive ground-sourced evaluation to benchmark these estimates. Here we combine several ground-sourced and satellite-derived approaches to evaluate the scale of the global forest carbon potential outside agricultural and urban lands.

A cell-based model for size control in the multiple fission alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Understanding how population-size homeostasis emerges from stochastic individual cell behaviors remains a challenge in biology. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) proliferates using a multiple fission cell cycle, where a prolonged G1 phase is followed by n rounds of alternating division cycles (S/M) to produce 2 daughters. A "Commitment" sizer in mid-G1 phase ensures sufficient cell growth before completing the cell cycle.

Newspaper Coverage of Violence Related to Initiation and Traditional Male Circumcision in South Africa.

This study reports evidence of violence related to initiation and traditional male circumcision (ITMC) in South Africa. Our study conducted a search of the newspaper databases Newsbank and News24 from January 1, 2016, to August 31, 2023, and carried out a content analysis of newspaper articles that referenced violence in South African newspapers. Our initial search yielded 1796 articles; after screening for relevance and duplicates, 41 articles published in 16 South African newspapers and one online source were included in the analysis of the data.

Perceptions of parenthood and child development among parents who experienced child maltreatment.

Maltreatment survivors may be at risk for parenting challenges, although the previous literature is inconsistent, has focused on individual maltreatment forms, and has overlooked posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and other trauma exposure. The current study, thus, aimed to expand this research in four key ways by (a) examining all five maltreatment forms; (b) controlling for other nonmaltreatment trauma exposure to better isolate the role of maltreatment; (c) investigating maltreatment types and PTSS simultaneously; and (d) exploring novel parenting factors, specifically four types of parenting beliefs and developmental knowledge. Trauma-exposed parents (N = 301; M = 26.

Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis is associated with HIV-1 neuroinvasion during acute infection.

Objective: HIV-1 invades the brain within days post-transmission. This study quantitated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count (WBC) and investigated whether it associated with plasma and CSF HIV-1 RNA during untreated acute HIV infection (AHI).

Design: Seventy participants underwent lumbar puncture during Fiebig stages I-V AHI.

Baseline Characteristics From a New Longitudinal Cohort of Patients With Noncancer Pain and Chronic Opioid Use in the United States.

Retrospective cohort studies have consistently observed that long-term prescription opioid use is a risk factor for new major depressive episodes. However, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and establish evidence for causation. The Prescription Opioids and Depression Pathways cohort study is designed for this purpose.

Antimicrobial and Adjuvant Potencies of Di--alkyl Substituted Diazalariat Ethers.

Lariat ethers are macrocyclic polyethers-crown ethers-to which sidearms are appended. 4,13-Diaza-18-crown-6 having twin alkyl chains at the nitrogens show biological activity. They exhibit antibiotic activity, but when co-administered at with an FDA-approved antibiotic, the latter's potency is often strongly enhanced.

Nascent Aβ42 Fibrillization in Synaptic Endosomes Precedes Plaque Formation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's-like β-Amyloidosis.

Accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregates in synapses may contribute to the profound synaptic loss characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The origin of synaptic Aβ aggregates remains elusive, but loss of endosomal proteostasis may trigger their formation. In this study, we identified the synaptic compartments where Aβ accumulates, and performed a longitudinal analysis of synaptosomes isolated from brains of TgCRND8 APP transgenic mice of either sex.

Prior Sexual Trauma Exposure Impacts Posttraumatic Dysfunction and Neural Circuitry Following a Recent Traumatic Event in the AURORA Study.

Background: Prior sexual trauma (ST) is associated with greater risk for posttraumatic stress disorder after a subsequent traumatic event; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain opaque. We investigated longitudinal posttraumatic dysfunction and amygdala functional dynamics following admission to an emergency department for new primarily nonsexual trauma in participants with and without previous ST.

Methods: Participants ( = 2178) were recruited following acute trauma exposure (primarily motor vehicle collision).

Children with sexual behavior problems: Ties to child maltreatment, family functioning, and help-seeking.

Although the literature on children's sexual behavior problems (SBPs) has indicated that maltreatment and family dysfunction are linked to SBPs, several facets of these factors have remained unexamined. Prior research has largely focused on SBPs more broadly, though interpersonal SBPs (ISBPs) are likely a distinct, more severe SBP subtype. The aim of the current study was to examine potentially relevant, unexplored factors, including the number of types of and total allegations of maltreatment as well as familial characteristics (i.

The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit.

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records.

Young Children's Development and Behavior: Associations with Timing of Household Food Insecurity in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Early Head Start Sample.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of household food insecurity (HFI) over time on behavioral and developmental health in early childhood while considering the impact of timing/persistence of HFI and potential differences among racially or ethnically minoritized children.

Methods: Families from the Early Head Start Family and Child Experiences Study (N = 760) were followed longitudinally until age 3 years. Caregiver interview data were collected on HFI, problem behaviors (PBs), delays in development (DD), and sociodemographic information.

Factors that contribute to an inability to remember an important aspect of a traumatic event.

Dissociative amnesia is controversial. We tested other factors that could contribute to an inability to remember an important aspect of a traumatic event: how traumatic the event was, organic amnesia, dissociative state, childhood amnesia, expression suppression, sleep disturbance, repeated experiences, and ordinary forgetting. Trauma survivors who reported an inability to remember an important aspect of a traumatic event rated the event as traumatic as trauma survivors who reported no such inability to remember.

Vegetation-environment interactions: plant species distribution and community assembly in mixed coniferous forests of Northwestern Himalayas.

One of the main goals of ecological studies is to disentangle the dynamics that underlie the spatiotemporal distribution of biodiversity and further functions of the ecosystem. However, due to many ecological and geopolitical reasons, many remote areas with high plant species diversity have not been assessed using newly based analytical approaches for vegetation characterization. Here, we classified and characterized different vegetation types (i.

The Influence of Pandemic-Related Worries During Pregnancy on Child Development at 12 Months.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to increased risk for perinatal anxiety and depression among parents, as well as negative consequences for child development. Less is known about how worries arising from the pandemic during pregnancy are related to later child development, nor if resilience factors buffer negative consequences. The current study addresses this question in a prospective longitudinal design.