COVID-19 Identification from Low-Quality Computed Tomography Using a Modified Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network Plus and Siamese Capsule Network.

Computed Tomography has become a vital screening method for the detection of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). With the high mortality rate and overload for domain experts, radiologists, and clinicians, there is a need for the application of a computerized diagnostic technique. To this effect, we have taken into consideration improving the performance of COVID-19 identification by tackling the issue of low quality and resolution of computed tomography images by introducing our method.

Identification of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Weighted Fusion Deep Learning Based on Dual-Channel Fundus Scans.

It is a well-known fact that diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of visual impairment between the ages of 25 and 74 around the globe. Diabetes is caused by persistently high blood glucose levels, which leads to blood vessel aggravations and vision loss. Early diagnosis can minimise the risk of proliferated diabetic retinopathy, which is the advanced level of this disease, and having higher risk of severe impairment.

The functions of phospholipases and their hydrolysis products in plant growth, development and stress responses.

Cell membranes are the initial site of stimulus perception from environment and phospholipids are the basic and important components of cell membranes. Phospholipases hydrolyze membrane lipids to generate various cellular mediators. These phospholipase-derived products, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, inositol phosphates, lysophopsholipids, and free fatty acids, act as second messengers, playing vital roles in signal transduction during plant growth, development, and stress responses.

Patients With Serious Injection Drug Use-Related Infections who Experience Patient-Directed Discharges on Oral Antibiotics Have High Rates of Antibiotic Adherence but Require Multidisciplinary Outpatient Support for Retention in Care.

Background: Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are frequently admitted for serious injection-related infections (SIRIs). Outcomes and adherence to oral antibiotics for PWID with patient-directed discharge (PDD) remain understudied.

Methods: We conducted a prospective multicenter bundled quality improvement project of PWID with SIRI at 3 hospitals in Missouri.

Molecular characterization of from the black-faced spider monkey () with phylogenetic inference of relationships among of Neotropical primates.

Species of the genus are parasitic nematodes of the family Onchocercidae (Nematoda; Filarioidea) which infect the peritoneal cavity of Neotropical primates. Of these, six species have been taxonomically described, two of these have been reported infecting the black-faced spider monkey (): and . Description of species have been based on morphological characteristics, and their phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved.

Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma.

Background: Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time.

Methods: As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma.

Promoting informed prostate cancer screening decision-making for African American men in a community-based setting.

Purpose: Current screening guidelines for prostate cancer (PCa) encourage men to make individual screening decisions after consulting with their primary care provider to weigh the risks and benefits of undergoing prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing, but many men at high risk of PCa diagnosis (notably African American men) are more likely to be uninsured and lack a primary care provider. An academic-community partnership redesigned its community-based screening program to ensure access to services for African American men, incorporating a session with a trained clinical educator in community settings, designed to increase knowledge and promote informed decision-making regarding PSA testing. This study evaluated effects of the intervention on decision-making outcomes.

Correlates of caregiver's help seeking behavior among young maltreated children.

Background: Relatively few maltreated children receive mental health services, despite the importance of treatment in combating the deleterious impact of maltreatment. Characteristics of the child, caregiver, and family have been investigated in relation to caregiver's help seeking behavior for children's psychological difficulties; yet, these associations have been inconsistent, and are very understudied among younger maltreated children. Other aspects of the child's environment, such as father involvement, negative life events, and neighborhood risk and satisfaction have not been examined.

Subtle structures with not-so-subtle functions: A data set of arthropod constructs and their host plants.

The construction of shelters on plants by arthropods might influence other organisms via changes in colonization, community richness, species composition, and functionality. Arthropods, including beetles, caterpillars, sawflies, spiders, and wasps often interact with host plants via the construction of shelters, building a variety of structures such as leaf ties, tents, rolls, and bags; leaf and stem galls, and hollowed out stems. Such constructs might have both an adaptive value in terms of protection (i.

A multisample demonstration of using the prolific platform for repeated assessment and psychometric substance use research.

The Prolific platform offers a potentially useful and efficient crowdsourcing option for repeated assessment substance use research, including for psychometric research requiring large samples. We present both (a) a series of practical recommendations for using Prolific and (b) data from multiple samples demonstrating Prolific's potential for efficiently collected repeated measures data. First, we present data from a 5-day daily diary protocol.

Exploring Predictors of Sleep State Misperception in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Objectives: Insomnia is a common symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is resistant to first-line cognitive behavioral interventions. However, research suggests that, among individuals with PTSD, self-reported sleep impairment is typically more severe than what is objectively observed, a phenomenon termed . Relatively little research has examined which individuals with PTSD are most likely to exhibit sleep state misperception.

Types of childhood maltreatment, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and indices of fertility.

Objective: Child maltreatment, including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV), and neglect, is related to decrements in physical health. Yet, it is not clear how maltreatment may impact indices of fertility and the specific forms of maltreatment may exhibit distinct associations with aspects of fertility. Because posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have corresponded with a longer length to conception, it is prudent to account for current level of trauma symptoms.

A virtual reality platform for the measurement of drinking topography.

Background: The assessment of alcohol consumption during a drinking bout, known as drinking topography, may help improve understanding of biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying alcohol consumption. However, past studies have been limited by effort-intensive, time-consuming, and error-prone processes involved in collecting, organizing, and standardizing drinking topography data. Recent technologies allowing integrated data collection and greater environmental control, such as virtual reality (VR), could resolve these problems.

Observer Gaze Patterns of Patient Photographs Before and After Facial Feminization.

Background: Human interaction begins with visual evaluation of others, and this often centers on the face. Objective measurement of this evaluation gives clues to social perception.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to use eye-tracking technology to evaluate if there are scanpath differences when observers view faces of cisgender men, cisgender women, and transgender women before and after facial feminization surgery (FFS) including when assigning tasks assessing femininity, attractiveness, and likability.

Neural Correlates of Traumatic Brain Injury in Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Structural and Functional Connectivity Neuroimaging Study.

Objective: More than one-third of women in the United States experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime, increasing their risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite the prevalence of TBI among IPV survivors, research is sparse in comparison with parallel populations (eg, military, accidents, sports). This pilot study aimed to provide a preliminary investigation of the effect of TBI on brain morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity in women who experience IPV.

What Is Wrong with Monetary Sanctions? Directions for Policy, Practice, and Research.

Monetary sanctions are an integral and increasingly debated feature of the American criminal legal system. Emerging research, including that featured in this volume, offers important insight into the law governing monetary sanctions, how they are levied, and how their imposition affects inequality. Monetary sanctions are assessed for a wide range of contacts with the criminal legal system ranging from felony convictions to alleged traffic violations with important variability in law and practice across states.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated With Better White Matter Integrity in Persons Living With HIV.

Background: Despite improved survival rates, neurocognitive impairment persists in persons living with HIV (PLWH). An active lifestyle is linked to improved cognition among PLWH, yet the neural substrates remain unclear. Diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion basis spectrum imaging measure HIV-related changes in brain white matter integrity.

Connecting the dots: The boons and banes of network modeling.

Network modeling transforms data into a structure of nodes and edges such that edges represent relationships between pairs of objects, then extracts clusters of densely connected nodes in order to capture high-dimensional relationships hidden in the data. This efficient and flexible strategy holds potential for unveiling complex patterns concealed within massive datasets, but standard implementations overlook several key issues that can undermine research efforts. These issues range from data imputation and discretization to correlation metrics, clustering methods, and validation of results.

Transition-Metal-Mediated Glycosylation with Thioglycosides.

Thioglycosides are among the most common glycosyl donors that find broad application in the synthesis of glycans and glycoconjugates. However, the requirement for toxic and/or large access of activators needed for common glycosylations with thioglycosides remains a notable drawback. Due to the increased awareness of the chemical waste impact on the environment, synthetic studies have been driven by the goal of finding non-toxic reagents.

Police discretion in encounters with people who use drugs: operationalizing the theory of planned behavior.

Background: Policing shapes the health risks of people who use drugs (PWUD), but little is understood about interventions that can align officer practices with PWUD health. This study deploys the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to understand what influences police intentions to make discretionary referrals to treatment and harm reduction resources rather than arrest on less serious charges.

Methods: On-line surveys integrating TPB constructs and adapting an instrument measuring police intentions to make mental health treatment referrals were completed by police employees in Indiana, Massachusetts, and Missouri.

The Boss's Long Arm: The Differential Impact of Authoritarian and Benevolent Leadership on Spousal Family Satisfaction.

The extant studies on leadership are replete with employee, coworker, and leader outcomes, however, research is still nascent on leadership's crossover into employees' family members' lives. To examine leadership's impact on the work-family interface, we draw on conservation of resources theory (COR) and crossover theory and investigate how authoritarian leadership and benevolent leadership affect spousal family satisfaction. We examine the mediating influence of work-family conflict (WFC) and work-family facilitation (WFF), and the moderating impact of spouses' need for control.

Crime, quarantine, and the U.S. coronavirus pandemic.

Research Summary: Priorresearch has produced varied results regarding the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on crime rates, depending on the offenses and time periods under investigation. The current study of weekly offense rates in large U.S.

Cannabis use as a moderator of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.

Study Objectives: Cannabis use is common among young adults and has been proposed as a potential treatment for insomnia. However, controlled studies examining the impact of cannabis use on insomnia symptoms are rare. This secondary analysis of published trial data tested cannabis use during cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia (CBT-I) as a moderator of treatment efficacy.