Bridges to Sobriety: Testing the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile App Designed to Supplement an Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment Program.

Adolescent substance use is a growing problem that causes a myriad of negative outcomes. Using substances during adolescence can lead to decreased executive functioning and is correlated with the top three causes of deaths for adolescents. Treatment options vary and the impact on outcomes are mixed, with engagement being of the most important indicators.

Assessment of a host-guest interaction in a bilayer membrane model.

Supramolecular interactions are well recognized and many of them have been extensively studied in chemistry. The formation of supramolecular complexes that rely on weak force interactions are less well studied in bilayer membranes. Herein, a supported bilayer membrane is used to probe the penetration of a complex between tetracycline and a macrocyclic polyether.

Facile fabrication of hierarchically nanostructured gold electrode for bio-electrochemical applications.

Nanoporous gold (NPG) is one of the most extensively investigated nanomaterials owing to its tunable pore size, ease of surface modification, and range of applications from catalysis, actuation, and molecular release to the development of electrochemical sensors. In an effort to improve the usefulness of NPG, a simple and robust method for the fabrication of hierarchical and bimodal nanoporous gold electrodes (hb-NPG) containing both macro-and mesopores is reported using electrochemical alloying and dealloying processes to engineer a bicontinuous solid/void morphology. Scanning electron microscopy (color SEM) images depict the hierarchical pore structure created after the multistep synthesis with an ensemble of tiny pores below 100 nm in size located in ligaments spanning larger pores of several hundred nanometers.

HIV-1 Subtype C Vpr Amino Acid Residue 45Y and Specific Conserved Fragments Are Associated with Neurocognitive Impairment and Markers of Viral Load.

There is increasing evidence that HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. We investigated the relationship between HIV-1 subtype C Vpr sequence variation and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment as measured by global deficit score (GDS) in treatment-naive individuals. We used different bioinformatic tools and statistical models to correlate vpr variation and cognitive function.

Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Fluorescent Cyclipostins and Cyclophostin Analogues: New Insights for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterial-Related Diseases.

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a significantly higher risk of acquiring nontuberculous mycobacteria infections, predominantly due to , than the healthy population. Because infections are a major cause of clinical decline and morbidity in CF patients, improving treatment and the detection of this mycobacterium in the context of a polymicrobial culture represents a critical component to better manage patient care. We report here the synthesis of fluorescent Dansyl derivatives of four active cyclipostins and cyclophostin analogues () and provide new insights regarding the 's lack of activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and above all into their mode of action against intramacrophagic cells.

Neural signal variability relates to maladaptive rumination in depression.

Rumination is a common feature of depression and predicts the onset and maintenance of depressive episodes. Maladaptive and adaptive subtypes of rumination contribute to distinct outcomes, with brooding worsening negative mood and reflection related to fewer depression symptoms in healthy populations. Neuroimaging studies have implicated several cortical midline and lateral prefrontal brain regions in rumination.

Activation of Thioglycosides with Copper(II) Bromide.

Reported herein is a new protocol for glycosidation of alkyl and aryl thioglycosides in the presence of copper(II) bromide. While the activation with CuBr alone was proven suitable for reactive glycosyl donors, the activation of less reactive donors was more efficient in the presence of triflic acid as an additive. A variety of thioglycoside donors in reactions with different glycosyl acceptors were investigated to determine the initial scope of this reaction.

Practicing Upstream: Race-Based Trauma Care Training For Veteran's Health Administration Nurse Practitioners.

: The Advance Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) employed by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) lack race-based trauma training for Veterans that have experienced psychological, physiological, and emotional trauma. The VHA is responsible for the health of this culturally diverse patient population with complex health conditions. APRNs without prior military experience may have trouble obtaining an accurate history and physical exam due to their inexperience with the military's cross-cultural environment.

Patients With Serious Mental Illness Can Engage in Tobacco Treatment Trials and Tobacco Cessation Interventions During Cancer Treatment.

Purpose: More than half of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) smoke, contributing to premature cancer mortality. A cancer diagnosis provides an opportunity to assist with smoking cessation; however, supportive oncology trials frequently exclude patients with SMI. To fill this gap, we examined differences in engagement and tobacco cessation in a pragmatic clinical trial.

N-Alkylated Analogues of Indolylthio Glycosides as Glycosyl Donors with Enhanced Activation Profile.

While studying indolylthio glycosides, previously we determined their activation profile that required large excess of activators. This drawback was partially addressed in the present study of N-alkylated SInR derivatives. The activation process was studied by NMR and the increased understanding of the mechanism led to a discovery of different activation pathways taking place with SIn versus SInR derivatives.

Factors associated with caregiver help seeking behavior among at-risk children.

Background: Few at-risk school-age children receive needed psychological help, and our understanding of predictors of service use in this population is limited. Many broader contextual factors have received little attention including caregiver's trauma history and social support, father involvement, family functioning, and neighborhood satisfaction. The links between types of and cumulative maltreatment have also been inconsistent, and prior work has not always accounted for children's symptoms.

Attrition from pediatric trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy: A meta-analysis.

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is one of the leading interventions for trauma-exposed children and adolescents and is associated with significant improvements in a variety of trauma-related symptoms. Nonetheless, attrition from TF-CBT is quite common, and children who do not receive the full intervention may continue to suffer from trauma-related symptoms. Rates of premature termination have varied across studies, and to date, no meta-analyses have been conducted regarding dropout from TF-CBT.

Working with older adults impacts training preferences of counselors.

Clinicians specializing in working with older adults make up a very small portion of providers, and the majority of the service provision falls on general practitioners. Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs) have heavily focused on Multicultural Competency in training and practice, but the profession has not specified standards of competence for work with older adults. Efforts to increase competency for generalists providing care for older adults are needed.

Interpersonal and intrapersonal factors contributing to women's posttraumatic growth following perinatal loss.

Objective: Despite the high prevalence of perinatal loss and its potential for negative impact on mental health, specific risk and resilience factors contributing to adjustment following perinatal loss have not been fully explored. This study investigated the relationship between attachment security, dyadic coping, and posttraumatic growth (PTG).

Method: Women who had experienced miscarriage or stillbirth ( = 244) were recruited via social media and completed an online survey that assessed their attachment security, dyadic coping, and PTG.

Anxiety sensitivity as a transdiagnostic risk factor for trajectories of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae in the AURORA study.

Anxiety sensitivity, or fear of anxious arousal, is cross-sectionally associated with a wide array of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae, including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, pain, and somatization. The current study utilizes a large-scale, multi-site, prospective study of trauma survivors presenting to emergency departments. Hypotheses tested whether elevated anxiety sensitivity in the immediate posttrauma period is associated with more severe and persistent trajectories of common adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae in the eight weeks posttrauma.

Psychological Symptoms Associated with Sexual Victimization Experiences: Differences as a Function of the Type and Number of Sexual Acts and Aggressive Tactics.

Different types of sexual victimization are associated with different outcomes; for example, on average, physically forced sex is associated with worse psychological outcomes than verbally coerced sex. This study evaluated outcomes associated with sexual victimization as a function of sexual act and aggressive tactic, expanding upon the acts and tactics examined in prior studies. Participants who had experienced sexual victimization ( = 402) completed a survey about their most upsetting victimization experience, identifying the sexual act(s) and aggressive tactic(s) that occurred.

Synthesis and glycosidation of building blocks of D-altrosamine.

Presented herein is a streamlined synthesis of building blocks of a rare sugar D-altrosamine. Also investigated was the glycosylation of different glycosyl acceptors with differentially protected altrosamine donors. High facial stereoselectivity was achieved with 3--picoloyl donors and reactive glycosyl acceptors the H-bond-mediated aglycone delivery (HAD) pathway.

A Q Methodology Investigation of School Counselors' Beliefs and Feelings in Reporting Suspected Child Sexual Abuse.

School counselors can be influenced by a wide variety of beliefs and emotions when reporting suspected child sexual abuse (CSA) including worry, fear, sadness, depression, helplessness, anger, and distrust of child protective services. These beliefs and emotions can keep school counselors from reporting suspected CSA despite their duties as mandated reporters. We sought to uncover patterns of school counselors' ( = 85) shared beliefs and emotions that can impact their decision making in reporting suspected CSA.

Service providers' perspectives on substance use and treatment needs among human trafficking survivors.

Introduction: Understanding substance use and treatment needs for survivors of human trafficking remains an underdeveloped area in the field of substance use treatment. This study assessed the nature of substance use among survivors of all types of human trafficking and identified treatment barriers and needs, as reported by human trafficking service providers in one Midwest major metropolitan area.

Methods: Participants were purposively selected from agencies that served foreign-born and domestic-born survivors of human trafficking.

The Interaction of HIV With Mental Health in the Modern Antiretroviral Therapy Era.

People with HIV (PWH) receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) continue to display residual immune dysregulation that amplifies the risk for neuropsychiatric comorbidities. At the same time, PWH commonly experience intersectional stigma and other psychosocial stressors that are linked to neuroendocrine stress responses, potentiate residual immune dysregulation, and alter other biobehavioral processes relevant to health outcomes. This special issue of Psychosomatic Medicine seeks to advance our understanding of the intersection of HIV with mental health in the modern ART era.

The Role of Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation Following Exposure to Maltreatment and Adult Victimization.

Child maltreatment is related to a host of negative consequences, including difficulties with emotion regulation (ER), posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and greater risk for revictimization. Yet, the literature has largely focused on sexual revictimization, while relations between maltreatment and other adult victimization types (e.g.

Expanding the scope of stereoselective α-galactosylation using glycosyl chlorides.

Recently, we reported that silver(I) oxide mediated Koenigs-Knorr glycosylation reaction can be dramatically accelerated in the presence of catalytic acid additives. We have also investigated how well this reaction works in application to differentially protected galactosyl bromides. Reported herein is the stereoselective synthesis of α-galactosides with galactosyl chlorides as glycosyl donors.