On-time childhood vaccination before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in seven communities: Findings from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic raised unprecedented challenges to vaccinating children. This multi-center study aimed to compare on-time vaccination of children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify key factors associated with on-time vaccination.

Methods: This study was conducted among children aged 0-6 years enrolled in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network at seven geographically diverse U.

Erratum: Three-Year Results of the GORE VIABAHN Endoprosthesis in the Superficial Femoral Artery for In-Stent Restenosis.

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Low-Field Portable MR Imaging to Evaluate Ventricular Volumes: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

This study assesses the efficacy of low-field portable MR imaging in measuring ventricular volumes in the pediatric population in the hospital setting. We compared portable and standard of care MR images from the same patient. The estimated ventricular volumes had excellent agreement with a mean bias of 2.

Retrospective cohort comparison between fluoroscopic and radiograph-only exams for evaluation of gastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy tubes.

Background: Gastrostomy (G) tube or gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tube checks are radiographic procedures that are frequently ordered to confirm tube positioning.

Objective: To characterize the sensitivity and specificity of radiograph-only examinations and traditional radiologist-performed fluoroscopy exams for G-tube or GJ-tube malposition and other adverse events detectable by imaging.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary pediatric center that included all subjects who underwent G-tube or GJ-tube checks using fluoroscopy or radiograph-only exams between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2019.

Three-Year Results of the GORE VIABAHN Endoprosthesis in the Superficial Femoral Artery for In-Stent Restenosis.

Background: The study objective was to assess the postmarket safety and effectiveness of the GORE VIABHAN endoprosthesis with heparin bioactive surface for the treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) of the superficial femoral artery (SFA).

Methods: A prospective, single-arm, international study enrolled patients at 23 sites from October 2015 to April 2018. Patients with ≥50% ISR or occlusions in the SFA, Rutherford categories 2-5, and at least 1 patent runoff vessel were eligible.

Disruption of seasonal enterovirus and parechovirus detections in the CSF and plasma of children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Enteroviruses (EV) and parechovirus (PeV) are a common cause of CNS infection in children. Both viruses demonstrate consistent seasonal patterns, with detections mainly in the summer-fall months. While research has shown COVID-19 pandemic-related disruption of traditional seasonality of respiratory pathogens, the pandemic's impact on non-respiratory pathogens is less understood.

Imaging of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper.

Imaging in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients is not targeted at evaluating the transplant per se. Rather, imaging is largely confined to evaluating peri-procedural and post-procedural complications. Alternatively, imaging may be performed to establish a baseline study for comparison should the patient develop certain post-procedural complications.

Single-cell analysis of immune cell transcriptome during HIV-1 infection and therapy.

Background: Cellular immune responses are phenotypically and functionally perturbed during HIV-1 infection, with the majority of function restored upon antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite ART, residual inflammation remains that can lead to HIV-related co-morbidities and mortality, indicating that ART does not fully restore normal immune cell function. Thus, understanding the dynamics of the immune cell landscape during HIV-1 infection and ART is critical to defining cellular dysfunction that occurs during HIV-1 infection and imprints during therapy.

Imaging of pediatric cardiac tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper.

Cardiac tumors in children are rare and the majority are benign. The most common cardiac tumor in children is rhabdomyoma, usually associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. Other benign cardiac masses include fibromas, myxomas, hemangiomas, and teratomas.

Preterm sepsis is associated with acute lung injury as measured by pulmonary severity score.

Background: Sepsis related acute lung injury (ALI) is established in adults but has not been investigated in premature infants. Herein, we used pulmonary severity score (PSS) trajectories and C-reactive protein (CRP) to examine the relation between sepsis and ALI in premature infants.

Methods: This retrospective study identified 211 sepsis and 123 rule out (RO) events in 443 infants born <31 weeks and <1500 grams.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Pediatric and Early Adolescent and Young Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Cohort Study.

Adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients are at a high risk of adverse outcomes after COVID-19. Although children have had better outcomes after COVID-19 compared to adults, data on risk factors and outcomes of COVID-19 among pediatric HSCT recipients are lacking. We describe outcomes of HSCT recipients who were ≤21 years of age at COVID-19 diagnosis and were reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research between March 27, 2020, and May 7, 2021.

Feasibility of and experience using a portable MRI scanner in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: A portable, low-field MRI system is now Food and Drug Administration cleared and has been shown to be safe and useful in adult intensive care unit settings. No neonatal studies have been performed. The objective is to assess our preliminary experience and assess feasibility of using the portable MRI system at the bedside in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a quaternary children's hospital.

A Survey-Based Study of Patient-Centered Costs Associated With Indwelling Pleural Catheters.

Introduction: Indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) are effective at palliating benign and malignant pleural effusions (MPE). They have also been found to be cost effective from a third-party payor perspective. Little is known of the impact IPCs have on patient-centered quality of life outcomes such as financial burden and patient and caregiver burden.

Wound Closure With Acute Dermatotraction.

Many described techniques take advantage of the viscoelasticity of the human integument to assist in primary closure of fasciotomy wounds. A retrospective chart review was performed on eight patients with a total of 17 incisions who underwent fasciotomy for acute compartment syndrome. Wounds were closed with delayed primary closure (DPC).

The Role of Systemic Therapy in the Management of Stage I Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung.

Introduction: The optimal treatment strategy for resected stage I large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC) remains unknown. In this analysis, we evaluate the impact of systemic chemotherapy on patients with stage I LCNEC who have undergone surgical resection.

Methods: The study population included patients who underwent surgical resection for LCNEC and had pathologic stage I disease.

The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema-The 2017 revision and update.

Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential. This update and revision of the global guideline for HAE provides up-to-date consensus recommendations for the management of HAE.

Hypercalcemia: a consultant's approach.

Due to their daily involvement in mineral metabolism, nephrologists are often asked to consult on children with hypercalcemia. This might become even more pertinent when the hypercalcemia is associated with acute kidney injury and/or hypercalciuria and renal calcifications. The best way to assess the severity of hypercalcemia is by measurement of plasma ionized calcium, and if not available by adjusting serum total calcium to albumin concentration.

Neonatal pain management.

Pain management in the neonatal ICU remains challenging for many clinicians and in many complex care circumstances. The authors review general pain management principles and address the use of pain scales, non-pharmacologic management, and various agents that may be useful in general neonatal practice, procedurally, or at the end of life. Chronic pain and neonatal abstinence are also noted.

The AAP Resilience in the Face of Grief and Loss Curriculum.

A career in pediatrics can bring great joy and satisfaction. It can also be challenging and lead some providers to manifest burnout and depression. A curriculum designed to help pediatric health providers acquire resilience and adaptive skills may be a key element in transforming times of anxiety and grief into rewarding professional experiences.