Extending oral health care services to underserved children through a school-based collaboration: part 1: a descriptive overview.

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to describe the process and outcomes of a collaborative, comprehensive preventive oral health program between the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, the Olathe School District and an Extended Care Permit I dental hygienist. The report describes the programs collectively working to provide school-based services to disadvantaged children in 4 Title I schools using the community collaborative practice oral health model and tele-dentistry.

Methods: The "Miles of Smiles" clinic was assembled in 4 elementary schools using portable dental equipment.

Impact of Radiotherapy Dose on Dentition Breakdown in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the severity of post-radiation dental lesions and possible correlation with radiation dose to the teeth in patients treated for head and neck cancers. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from 93 head and neck radiotherapy patients treated between 1997 and 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The main effect, radiation dose to the individual teeth, was evaluated with covariates of elapsed time after radiation, xerostomia, topical fluoride use, and oral hygiene status included.

Cell line IDG-SW3 replicates osteoblast-to-late-osteocyte differentiation in vitro and accelerates bone formation in vivo.

Osteocytes are the most abundant cells in bone yet are the most challenging to study because they are embedded in a mineralized matrix. We generated a clonal cell line called IDG-SW3 (for Immortomouse/Dmp1-GFP-SW3) from long-bone chips from mice carrying a Dmp1 promoter driving GFP crossed with the Immortomouse, which expresses a thermolabile SV40 large T antigen regulated by interferon γ (IFN-γ). Cells from these mice can be expanded at 33 °C in the presence of IFN-γ and then allowed to resume their original phenotype at 37 °C in the absence of IFN-γ.

Cross-linked demineralized dentin maintains its mechanical stability when challenged by bacterial collagenase.

The molecular structure, weight loss, and mechanical properties of demineralized dentin of noncrosslinked/crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GA) were investigated when being challenged by bacterial collagenase solution over time in this study. Raman spectra proved that crosslinking occurred in demineralized dentin matrices after being treated with GA. Meanwhile, the weight of the cross-linked demineralized dentin matrices did not change after being challenged by bacterial collagenase solution up to 1 week.

Grape seed proanthocyanidins increase collagen biodegradation resistance in the dentin/adhesive interface when included in an adhesive.

Objectives: Contemporary methods of dentin bonding could create hybrid layers (HLs) containing voids and exposed, demineralised collagen fibres. Proanthocyanidins (PA) have been shown to cross-link and strengthen demineralised dentin collagen, but their effects on collagen degradation within the HL have not been widely studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the morphological differences of HLs created by BisGMA/HEMA model adhesives with and without the addition of grape seed extract PA under conditions of enzymatic collagen degradation.

Legislative initiatives of the developing advanced dental hygiene practitioner.

Today there is a heightened awareness to address access issues and unmet oral needs. The current private practice system of delivering oral health care is failing many Americans. Healthcare advocates and policy makers are taking a greater interest in addressing access problems and have begun to explore new approaches to eliminate oral health care disparities.

Morphological/chemical imaging of demineralized dentin layer in its natural, wet state.

Objective: Measuring the structure, composition or suitability for bonding of the acid-etched dentin substrate, especially in its hydrated state, has been a formidable problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological and structural profiles of the dentin demineralized layer measured in its natural wet state using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and micro-Raman imaging.

Materials And Methods: The occlusal 1/3 of the crown was removed from nine extracted, unerupted human third molars.

How genomics has informed our understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength that predisposes a person to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is a complex trait that involves multiple genes, environmental factors, and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Twin and family studies have indicated that between 25% and 85% of the variation in bone mass and other skeletal phenotypes is heritable, but our knowledge of the underlying genes is limited.

Activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway by TNF-alpha in human salivary gland (HSG) cells in vitro, suggests a role for the TNF receptor (TNF-R) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in Sjögren's syndrome-associated autoimmune sialadenitis.

Unlabelled: Studies suggest that apoptosis plays a major role in destruction of salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome. We hypothesise that apoptosis results in the exposure of cryptic T cell epitopes and an autoimmune response which is pathway-specific.

Objective: To activate the extrinsic or intrinsic apoptotic pathway to examine morphology, adhesion molecules, markers of antigen processing, and autoantigens on apoptotic bodies in vitro.

Chemical profile of the dentin substrate in non-carious cervical lesions.

Objective: The molecular structural nature of the dentin substrate in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) is poorly understood. This investigation characterized the chemical structure including inhomogeneities, composition, mineral crystallinity, collagen organization of normal dentin and affected dentin substrates within NCCLs using Raman microspectroscopic mapping/imaging.

Materials And Methods: Three extracted human pre-molars affected with NCCLs were selected and cavities matching the natural lesion with respect to size and location were prepared on the lingual/palatal surface of each tooth to serve as controls.

Comparing suture strengths for clinical applications: a novel in vitro study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the tensile strengths of commonly used sutures over a 2-week period under simulated oral conditions.

Methods: Three suture materials (chromic gut [CG], polyglactin [PG], and polyglactin-fast absorbing [PG-FA]) were used in 4-0 and 5-0 gauges. After pretensioning, 252 suture samples (42 of each material and gauge) were used.

Chemical/molecular structure of the dentin-enamel junction is dependent on the intratooth location.

The dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) plays an important role in preventing crack propagation from enamel into dentin. This function stems from its complex structure and materials properties that are different from either dentin or enamel. The molecular structural differences in both mineral and organic matrix across the DEJ zone were investigated by two-dimensional confocal Raman microspectroscopic mapping/imaging technique.

Assessment of the accuracy of two gutta-percha gauges used to alter gutta-percha tip diameter.

This study sought to compare the accuracy of two gauges used to alter gutta-percha (GP) cone tips. Randomly selected size 20 cones (with tapers of 0.02, 0.

Effects of different preparation procedures during tooth whitening on enamel bonding.

The objective of this study was to assess effects of some clinically related preparation procedures during tooth whitening on enamel bonding properties. Sixty-two extracted human teeth were cleaned and divided into four groups. Forty-two of the teeth were left with their natural surface intact while 20 teeth were polished to form a flat surface.

Nanoscale Patterning in Crosslinked Methacrylate Copolymer Networks: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study.

To understand the properties of materials, their phase structure must be established. It has been difficult in previous work to visualize the heterogeneous cross-linked structure of methacrylate-based networks. In this work, nano-sized phases with worm-like features were detected in the surfaces of model crosslinked methacrylate copolymer containing hydrophobic/hydrophilic co-mono-mers using tapping mode atomic force microscopy/phase imaging technique.

Effects of simulated functional loading conditions on dentin, composite, and laminate structures.

Use of composite restorations continues to increase, tempered by more potential problems when placed in posterior dentition. Thus, it is essential to understand how these materials function under stress-bearing clinical conditions. Because mastication is difficult to replicate in the laboratory, cyclic loading is frequently used within in vitro evaluations but often employs traditional fatigue testing, which typically does not simulate occlusal loading because higher stresses and loading frequencies are used, so failure mechanisms may be different.

Implant cast accuracy as a function of impression techniques and impression material viscosity.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare implant cast accuracy as a function of impression technique, closed tray impressions using indirect, metal impression copings at the implant level or direct, plastic impression caps at the abutment level, and impression material viscosity combinations.

Materials And Methods: A stainless steel master model with three implant replicas was utilized to produce Type IV stone casts. Master model impressions were made using closed trays at the implant level with screw-on metal impression copings (indirect/implant level) or at the abutment level with snap-on plastic impression caps (direct/abutment level).

Effect of initiator on photopolymerization of acidic, aqueous dental model adhesives.

This study evaluated different initiator systems in self-etching model adhesives, in which camphorquinone (CQ) or [3-(3,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-2-yloxy)-2-hydroxylpropy] trimethylammonium chloride (QTX) was employed as a photoinitiator (dye). N-phenylglycine (NPG), ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (4E) or 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was used as the coinitiator (CI). The role of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP) in the polymerization process was also studied.

Preparation and Properties of Novel Dentin Adhesives with Esterase Resistance.

A new methacrylate monomer, trimethylolpropane mono allyl ether dimethacrylate (TMPEDMA), was synthesized and evaluated. This branched methacrylate was designed to increase esterase-resistance when incorporated into conventional HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/BisGMA (2,2-bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxy-propyloxy)-phenyl] propane) dental adhesives. The new adhesives, HEMA/BisGMA/TMPEDMA in a 45/30/25 (w/w) ratio were formulated with H(2)O at 0 (A0T) and 8 wt % water (A8T) and compared with control adhesives (HEMA/BisGMA, 45/55 (w/w), at 0 (A0) and 8 wt % (A8) water).

Post-radiation dental index: development and reliability.

Goals Of The Work: The aim of this paper was to develop, validate, and assess the reliability of a clinical index for assessing post-radiation dentition breakdown.

Materials And Methods: An expert panel of four dentists with expertise in post-radiation patient care, oral radiology, and mineralized tissues reviewed a series of clinical photographs (n = 60) depicting a wide range of post-radiation lesions varying in size, severity, and location. Based on panel input related to lesion severity rankings and cut-points along a continuum of destruction, a semiquantitative, ordinal lesion scale was developed.

Effect of power toothbrushing on simulated wear of dental cement margins.

Unlabelled: Power toothbrushes (PTBs), in combination with abrasive dentifrices, may encourage wear of dental cements at crown margins.

Purpose: The objective of this in vitro simulation was to control the clinical variables associated with PTB use and measure the potential side effects of PTBs with mild and abrasive dentifrices.

Methods And Materials: Four PTBs ( Braun-Oral-B-Professional Care at 150 g brushing force, Sonicare-Elite at 90 g, Colgate-Actibrush at 200 g and Crest-Spinbrush-Pro at 250 g) and 2 dentifrices mixed 1:1 with tap water (Mild= Colgate-Total, Colgate-Palmolive; Abrasive= Close-up, Chesebrough-Ponds) versus tap water alone (control) were used to abrade 2 cements (Fleck's Mizzy Zinc Phosphate [ZP]; 3M-ESPE Unicem universal cement [UC]) using cement-filled slots (160 m wide) cut into wear-resistant ceramic blocks.

Use of cone-beam computed tomography to identify root canal systems in vitro.

This study investigated the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a diagnostic tool for identifying root canal systems (RCSs) when compared with images obtained by using charged coupled device (CCD) and photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) digital radiography in vitro. Seventy-two extracted teeth were exposed with CCD, PSP, and CBCT radiography. Specimens included 24 maxillary molars, mandibular premolars, and mandibular incisors each.

Mechanosensation and Transduction in Osteocytes.

There may be no single mechanoreceptor in osteocytes, but instead a combination of events that has to be triggered for mechanosensation and transduction of signal to occur. Possibilities include shear stress along dendritic processes and/or the cell body, cell deformation in response to strain, and primary cilia. These events could occur independently or simultaneously to activate mechanotransduction.

Effect of solvent content on resin hybridization in wet dentin bonding.

With wet bonding techniques, the channels between the demineralized dentin collagen fibrils are filled with debris, solvent, and water. Commercial adhesives include solvents such as ethanol or acetone to facilitate resin-infiltration into this wet substrate. Under in vivo conditions, the solvent may be diluted because of repeated exposure of the material to the atmosphere, or concentrated because of separation of the bonding liquids into layers within the bottle.

Mechanical properties and surface characterization of beta titanium and stainless steel orthodontic wire following topical fluoride treatment.

Objective: To study the effect of fluoride prophylactic agents on the loading and unloading mechanical properties and surface quality of beta titanium and stainless steel orthodontic wires.

Materials And Methods: Rectangular beta titanium and stainless steel wires were immersed in either an acidulated fluoride agent, a neutral fluoride agent, or distilled water (control) for 1.5 hours at 37 degrees C.