Automated Cervical Digitized Histology Whole-Slide Image Analysis Toolbox.

Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is regarded as a potential precancerous state of the uterine cervix. Timely and appropriate early treatment of CIN can help reduce cervical cancer mortality. Accurate estimation of CIN grade correlated with human papillomavirus type, which is the primary cause of the disease, helps determine the patient's risk for developing the disease.

DeepCIN: Attention-Based Cervical histology Image Classification with Sequential Feature Modeling for Pathologist-Level Accuracy.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the deadliest cancers affecting women globally. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) assessment using histopathological examination of cervical biopsy slides is subject to interobserver variability. Automated processing of digitized histopathology slides has the potential for more accurate classification for CIN grades from normal to increasing grades of pre-malignancy: CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3.

EpithNet: Deep Regression for Epithelium Segmentation in Cervical Histology Images.

Background: Automated pathology techniques for detecting cervical cancer at the premalignant stage have advantages for women in areas with limited medical resources.

Methods: This article presents EpithNet, a deep learning approach for the critical step of automated epithelium segmentation in digitized cervical histology images. EpithNet employs three regression networks of varying dimensions of image input blocks (patches) surrounding a given pixel, with all blocks at a fixed resolution, using varying network depth.

Intraoperative electrosurgical smoke during outpatient surgery: a survey of dermatologic surgeon and staff preferences.

Electrosurgery generates smoke that may be harmful. We created a survey to evaluate perceptions of electrosurgical smoke and how information on the harm it potentially causes changes these perceptions. We distributed the survey to the membership of the American College of Mohs Surgery and the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery and received 437 useable responses.

Distinct Prognosis of High Versus Mid/Low Rectal Cancer: a Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Rectal cancers have long been treated as a single-entity disease; however, whether the prognosis of high rectal cancer (inferior margin located 10.1 to 15.0 cm from the anal verge) differs from that of mid/low rectal cancer (0 to 10.

Laparoscopic aortobifemoral bypass in a USA academic center.

Background: Although aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) is preferentially treated endovascularly, some patients are still better served with an aortobifemoral bypass (ABF). For those patients, surgical treatment options include both standard open operations as well as laparoscopic ABF (LapABF). Several European centers perform LapABF with favorable results instead of open surgery, but this has not been widely embraced in the United States.

Deep Learning Nuclei Detection in Digitized Histology Images by Superpixels.

Background: Advances in image analysis and computational techniques have facilitated automatic detection of critical features in histopathology images. Detection of nuclei is critical for squamous epithelium cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) classification into normal, CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3 grades.

Methods: In this study, a deep learning (DL)-based nuclei segmentation approach is investigated based on gathering localized information through the generation of superpixels using a simple linear iterative clustering algorithm and training with a convolutional neural network.

Enhancements in localized classification for uterine cervical cancer digital histology image assessment.

Background: In previous research, we introduced an automated, localized, fusion-based approach for classifying uterine cervix squamous epithelium into Normal, CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3 grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) based on digitized histology image analysis. As part of the CIN assessment process, acellular and atypical cell concentration features were computed from vertical segment partitions of the epithelium region to quantize the relative distribution of nuclei.

Methods: Feature data was extracted from 610 individual segments from 61 images for epithelium classification into categories of Normal, CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3.

Missed opportunities to transition from nebulizers to inhalers during hospitalization for acute asthma: A multicenter observational study.

Objective: Hospitalizations for acute asthma are thought to be highly preventable through the use of efficacious medications, though many patients have poor metered-dose inhaler (MDI) techniques, thus lessening these medications' real-world effectiveness. Teaching MDI techniques during hospitalization may therefore lead to improved outcomes. However, MDIs may be underutilized to deliver short-acting β-agonists (SABAs) in the inpatient setting, despite equivalent efficacy to nebulizer delivery.

Synchronous ovarian and endometrial carcinomas in a patient with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: a case report and literature review.

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is characterized by distinctive facial and limb features and is associated with several types of tumors. A 29-yr-old woman with this syndrome presented with a large, complex ovarian mass. She was subsequently diagnosed with a low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary and an endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus.

CHD8 regulates neurodevelopmental pathways associated with autism spectrum disorder in neural progenitors.

Truncating mutations of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8), and of many other genes with diverse functions, are strong-effect risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), suggesting multiple mechanisms of pathogenesis. We explored the transcriptional networks that CHD8 regulates in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by reducing its expression and then integrating transcriptome sequencing (RNA sequencing) with genome-wide CHD8 binding (ChIP sequencing). Suppressing CHD8 to levels comparable with the loss of a single allele caused altered expression of 1,756 genes, 64.

Synchronous lobular carcinoma in situ and invasive lobular cancer: marker or precursor for invasive lobular carcinoma.

Aim: Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a known risk factor for invasive breast carcinoma, but there is increasing data indicating a possible precursor relationship. This study investigates the incidence of lobular carcinoma in situ that occurs with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC).

Methods: Women diagnosed with ILC or LCIS from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively identified and reviewed after institutional review board approval.

Characterizing information decay in patient handoffs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the decay of information with multiple sequential patient handoff reports given by third-year medical students who have not had standardized patient handoff training.

Methods: We examine the information decay of quantitative parameters included in 2 different simulated patient history and physical handoffs conducted among third-year medical students. Both student self-surveys and third party observer surveys tracked accuracy of information.

Bile duct adenoma with oncocytic features.

Bile duct adenomas are benign bile duct proliferations usually encountered as an incidental finding. Oncocytic bile duct neoplasms are rare and the majority are malignant. A 61-year-old male with a diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma was undergoing surgery when a small white nodule was discovered on the surface of the right lobe of his liver.

Autism spectrum disorders--a genetics review.

Autism is an etiologically and clinically heterogeneous group of disorders, diagnosed solely by the complex behavioral phenotype. On the basis of the high-heritability index, geneticists are confident that autism will be the first behavioral disorder for which the genetic basis can be well established. Although it was initially assumed that major genome-wide and candidate gene association studies would lead most directly to common autism genes, progress has been slow.

Open shoulder stabilization procedure using bone block technique for treatment of chronic glenohumeral instability associated with bony glenoid deficiency.

We examined the early results of using an open bone block technique to stabilize the glenohumeral joint with chronic instability related to bony deficiency of the glenoid. Fifteen patients with anteroinferior glenoid bone loss on preoperative computed tomography underwent diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy (for evaluation of glenoid bony deficiency) and then open bone block augmentation of the anteroinferior glenoid rim. Clinical follow-up of 10 patients at a mean of 25 months showed a mean postoperative Constant score of 94 (range, 32-100), a mean University of California Los Angeles score of 32 (range, 9-35), and a mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score of 83 (range, 47-100).

Lack of association between Rh status, Rh immune globulin in pregnancy and autism.

Though causes of autism are considered largely genetic, considerable concern remains that exposure to Rh immune globulin (RhIg), which until 2001 in the United States contained the preservative thimerosal, can cause autism. To determine whether mothers of children with autism are more likely to be Rh negative (Rh(-)) or to have received RhIg preserved with thimerosal, which is 49.6% ethyl mercury, we surveyed families of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ascertained through a University-based autism clinic considered free of ascertainment biases related to type of autism or severity.

Anterior lumbar interbody fusion--advances in spinal fusion technology.

AS MUCH AS 80% OF THE US POPULATION will be affected by back pain at some time during their lives. Some of the most common disorders are herniated disc, degenerative disc disease, degenerative spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, and revision of previously failed low back surgery. IF CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT for back pain fails, spinal fusion may be performed.

Testicular microlithiasis and its relation to testicular cancer on ultrasound findings of symptomatic men.

Purpose: We reviewed testicular microlithiasis (TM) on scrotal ultrasound in relation to the incidence of testicular neoplasm in males 17 to 45 years old with scrotal symptoms.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the radiographic and medical records of males age 4 weeks to 84 years with symptomatic complaint of scrotal pain or swelling between September 1998 and April 2002. Subgroup analysis was performed on 160 male patients between 17 and 45 years old since they were at higher risk for testicular carcinoma.

The utility of clinical and laboratory data for predicting intraabdominal injury among children.

Background: The initial assessment of the child with blunt injury should lead ideally to a low rate of missed intraabdominal injury (IAI) while avoiding unnecessary imaging among children without IAI. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of clinical and laboratory data for predicting the risk for IAI.

Methods: Among 351 children evaluated for possible blunt abdominal trauma, 23 variables potentially associated with IAI were determined retrospectively.