Papillomavirus DNA not detected in canine lobular orbital adenoma and normal conjunctival tissue.

Background: Canine lobular orbital adenomas are benign tumors that arise from orbital glandular tissue and extend into the orbit, conjunctiva, and third eyelid. Surgical excision is challenging and recurrence rates are high following excision alone. Enucleation and exenteration reduces the likelihood of recurrence, but is a radical therapeutic option for an otherwise visual and comfortable eye.

Perspectives in veterinary medicine: Description and classification of bronchiolar disorders in cats.

This Perspectives in Veterinary Medicine article seeks to define, describe putative causes, and discuss key diagnostic tests for primary and secondary bronchiolar disorders to propose a classification scheme in cats with support from a literature review and case examples. The small airways (bronchioles with inner diameters <2 mm), located at the transitional zone between larger conducting airways and the pulmonary acinus, have been overlooked as major contributors to clinical syndromes of respiratory disease in cats. Because the trigger for many bronchiolar disorders is environmental and humans live in a shared environment with similar susceptibility, understanding these diseases in pet cats has relevance to One Health.

Mechanical dilation, botulinum toxin A injection, and surgical myotomy with fundoplication for treatment of lower esophageal sphincter achalasia-like syndrome in dogs.

Background: Megaesophagus (ME) carries a poor long-term prognosis in dogs. In people, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) achalasia is a rare cause of ME that may respond to targeted intervention. Dogs with lower esophageal sphincter achalasia-like syndrome (LES-AS) have been described recently, warranting investigation of analogous targeted treatment.

Mental Health Stigma and Veterinary Medical Students' Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help.

Veterinary medical students may be at increased risk for a variety of mental health problems. However, research with student samples suggests that students in distress may not seek professional help, even when mental health services are available. The purpose of this study was to explore veterinary students' willingness to seek mental health services for several common presenting concerns, as well as their perceptions of their peers' willingness to seek help for the same concerns.

Readability of consent forms in veterinary clinical research.

Background: "Readability" of consent forms is vital to the informed consent process. The average human hospital consent form is written at a 10th grade reading level, whereas the average American adult reads at an 8th grade level. Limited information currently exists regarding the readability of veterinary general medical or clinical research consent forms.

Impaired behavioural flexibility related to white matter microgliosis in the TgAPP21 rat model of Alzheimer disease.

Executive dysfunction and white matter inflammation continue to be relatively understudied in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Behavioural inflexibility is an important component of executive dysfunction that can be further categorized as perseverative or regressive, which respectively specify whether maladaptive persistence occurs early or late during a behavioural change. Previous studies of the TgAPP21 rat model of AD (expressing pathogenic hAPP) suggested a potentially spontaneous increase of regressive behavioral inflexibility.

Bioaccessibility and relative oral bioavailability of cobalt and nickel in residential soil and dust affected by metal grinding operations.

Including measures of relative bioavailability (RBA) improves the accuracy of site-specific risk assessment when evaluating metals bound in matrices that resist acid digestion (alloys, slag, tailings). In vitro gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and in vivo RBA assessments were conducted using baghouse dust, surface dust, and soil collected in a neighborhood near a metal forge, which emitted metals in the form of corrosion resistant alloys. The study objective was to characterize the in vitro bioaccessibility and relative bioavailability (RBA) of cobalt and nickel when ingested as freely soluble forms (ionic salts used as the basis for oral toxicity criteria), compared to when incidentally ingested in the forms found in the environment.

Outcome and complications in goats treated by perineal urethrostomy for obstructive urolithiasis: 25 cases (2010-2017).

Background: Obstructive urolithiasis commonly affects male goats. Perineal urethrostomy (PU) can be a permanent treatment option but is generally considered undesirable because of the risk of stricture of the urethral stoma. Limited information exists regarding long-term outcome and complications in goats undergoing PU for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis.

Clinical features of canine pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis.

Background: Histologic features of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) have been described in dogs but without a thorough clinical description.

Objectives: To report the clinical features, diagnostics, treatment, and outcome of dogs with histologic evidence of PVOD and PCH.

Animals: Fifteen pet dogs meeting histopathologic criteria of PVOD (occlusive remodeling of small-sized to medium-sized pulmonary veins) or PCH (alveolar capillary proliferation and congestion), or both.

Reply to the Comment from Watson, K.M. "Letter to the Editor Re: Kipperman, B.S. and German, A.J. 2018, , 143" 2018, , 179.

We appreciate the interest [1] in our opinion paper [2] regarding companion animal obesity and, although there is limited published evidence, agree that some pet owners might respond negatively when this issue is addressed [...

Boron enhances early embryonic gene expressions and improves fetal development of rats.

Boron is present as several different components in nature. Besides its industrial use, it is an essential element and is playing a very important role in the metabolism. In this study, it was aimed to determine the in vivo effects of boron on mRNA expression of HEX, NANOG, and OCT-3/4 genes in embryo and histological changes during fetal development.

The Responsibility of Veterinarians to Address Companion Animal Obesity.

Obesity is a modern-day epidemic in both people and companion animals. A summary of the current research on the causes, risk factors, consequences, and implications of overweight and obesity, and the compliance of small-animal practitioners in recognizing and addressing pet obesity, is provided. Ethical and animal welfare concerns are raised regarding these findings.

Concurrent 5-fluorouracil and carboplatin for the treatment of canine carcinomas.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used in combination chemotherapy protocols for human head and neck cancer and other epithelial neoplasms. However, a paucity of literature describing use of this drug in veterinary oncology exists, likely due to previous reports of fatal neurotoxicity in both dogs and cats, mainly due to ingestion of human creams. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to report the safety of concurrent 5-FU and carboplatin in canine carcinomas.

Matched-pair, Y/Y-labeled, bivalent RGD/bombesin antagonist, [RGD-Glu-[DO3A]-6-Ahx-RM2], as a potential theranostic agent for prostate cancer.

Introduction: In this study, we describe development of a true matched-pair theranostic agent that is able to target the αβ integrin and the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). We herein describe methods to metallate and characterize the new conjugate and to validate its biological efficacy by in vitro and in vivo methods.

Methods: We have previously described the development of [RGD-Glu-6Ahx-RM2] (where RGD: Arg-Gly-Asp; Glu: glutamic acid; 6-Ahx: 6-amino hexanoic acid; RM2: (D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2)) that has been conjugated to a DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) bifunctional chelating agent (BFCA) to afford [RGD-Glu-[DO3A]-6-Ahx-RM2] peptide.

Membrane-lipid homeostasis in a prodromal rat model of Alzheimer's disease: Characteristic profiles in ganglioside distributions during aging detected using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry.

Background: Accumulation of simple gangliosides GM2 and GM3, and gangliosides with longer long-chain bases (d20:1) have been linked to toxicity and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conversely, complex gangliosides, such as GM1, have been shown to be neuroprotective. Recent evidence using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) has demonstrated that a-series gangliosides are differentially altered during normal aging, yet it remains unclear how simple species are shifting relative to complex gangliosides in the prodromal stages of AD.

Bilateral retinoschisis in a dog: A veterinary clinical application for optical coherence tomography.

A 11-year-old neutered male Labrador retriever-cross dog was presented to the University of Missouri-Columbia Veterinary Ophthalmology Service for subtle visual deficits. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed a smooth, bullous elevation in the superior-temporal retina OU. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) performed OU showed inner retinal separation consistent with retinoschisis.

Utility of a portable desiccant system for preservation of fecal samples for downstream 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

While recent advances in culture-independent sequencing approaches have revitalized the field of microbiology, rapid collection and preservation of microbial DNA in samples like feces is critical to avoid degradation of target DNA via nuclease activity and proliferation of aerotolerant microbes. Common laboratory practices to ameliorate such changes rely on prompt freezing of samples or dispersion in nuclease-inhibiting reagents. As many of the microbial enzymes associated with nuclease activity and bacterial proliferation are hydrolases, prompt desiccation of samples offers an attractive alternative to freezing and liquid reagents for field collection of samples in remote areas.

Immune Function in Critically Ill Dogs.

Background: People with critical illness (CI) commonly develop various forms of immune dysfunction, however, there is limited information concerning immune dysfunction in dogs with CI.

Hypothesis: The immune response in CI dogs differs from that of healthy dogs.

Animals: Immunologic variables were compared between 14 dogs with CI, defined as APPLE score of >20 points, admitted to the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center Small Animal Clinic Intensive Care Unit and healthy controls (n = 15).

Induction of Type I Interferon through a Noncanonical Toll-Like Receptor 7 Pathway during Yersinia pestis Infection.

causes bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plague, diseases that are rapidly lethal to most mammals, including humans. Plague develops as a consequence of bacterial neutralization of the host's innate immune response, which permits uncontrolled growth and causes the systemic hyperactivation of the inflammatory response. We previously found that host type I interferon (IFN) signaling is induced during infection and contributes to neutrophil depletion and disease.

Serum Thymidine Kinase 1, Canine-C-Reactive Protein, Haptoglobin, and Vitamin D Concentrations in Dogs with Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, and Polyarthropathy.

Background: Relapses of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), thrombocytopenia (ITP), or polyarthropathy (IMPA) occur despite normal hematologic and cytologic parameters. Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), canine C-reactive protein (c-CRP), haptoglobin (HPT), and 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) might be adjunct to current monitoring strategies.

Hypothesis/objectives: Compare serum concentrations of TK1, c-CRP, HPT, and 25(OH)D in dogs with well- and poorly controlled primary IMHA, ITP, or IMPA.

Behavioural inflexibility in a comorbid rat model of striatal ischemic injury and mutant hAPP overexpression.

Alzheimer disease (AD) and stroke coexist and interact; yet how they interact is not sufficiently understood. Both AD and basal ganglia stroke can impair behavioural flexibility, which can be reliably modeled in rats using an established operant based set-shifting test. Transgenic Fischer 344-APP21 rats (TgF344) overexpress pathogenic human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) but do not spontaneously develop overt pathology, hence TgF344 rats can be used to model the effect of vascular injury in the prodromal stages of Alzheimer disease.

Pharmacokinetics and dynamics of mycophenolate mofetil after single-dose oral administration in juvenile dachshunds.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is recommended as an alternative/complementary immunosuppressant. Pharmacokinetic and dynamic effects of MMF are unknown in young-aged dogs. We investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single oral dose MMF metabolite, mycophenolic acid (MPA), in healthy juvenile dogs purpose-bred for the tripeptidyl peptidase 1 gene (TPP1) mutation.

Cervical spinal cord and motor unit pathology in a canine model of SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Development of effective treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) would be facilitated by identification of early events in the pathological cascade of disease progression. Degenerative myelopathy (DM), a naturally occurring disease in dogs, is quite similar to forms of ALS associated with SOD1 mutations and is likely to be a good model for these forms of the human disease. The sequence of histopathological changes that occur in DM was characterized by analyzing tissue samples obtained from affected dogs euthanized at various stages of disease progression.