Nonspecific phospholipases C3 and C4 interact with PIN-FORMED2 to regulate growth and tropic responses in Arabidopsis.

The dynamic changes in membrane phospholipids affect membrane biophysical properties and cell signaling, thereby influencing numerous biological processes. Nonspecific phospholipase C (NPC) enzymes hydrolyze common phospholipids to release diacylglycerol (DAG), which is converted to phosphatidic acid (PA) and other lipids. In this study, 2 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) tandemly arrayed genes, NPC3 and NPC4, were identified as critical factors modulating auxin-controlled plant growth and tropic responses.

Effects of social drinking context on subjective effects, affect, and next-day appraisals in the natural environment.

Background: Drinking commonly occurs in social settings and may bolster social reinforcement. Laboratory studies suggest that subjective effects and mood are mechanisms through which the social context influences alcohol consumption. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may be useful for extending these findings to the natural environment.

Effects of cortisol administration on heart rate variability and functional connectivity across women with different depression histories.

Abnormalities within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system have been implicated in depression. Studies have reported glucocorticoid insensitivity and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in depressive disorders. However, little is known about the effects of cortisol on HRV and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the central autonomic network (CAN) in depression.

Evaluation of an online SBIRT training program.

While human ecosystem disruptions have happened in the past, the COVID-19 pandemic is the first situation to warrant such a large, world-wide transition to online education. The pandemic has increased the need for intervention with people in varying stages of substance use disorders. In response to the need for more evidence-based, online educational and training options to address this need, this study used pre-posttest evaluations to determine the efficacy of an online training for a specific evidence-based intervention, Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Services (SBIRT).

Neural waves and computation in a neural net model I: Convolutional hierarchies.

The computational resources of a neuromorphic network model introduced earlier are investigated in the context of such hierarchical systems as the mammalian visual cortex. It is argued that a form of ubiquitous spontaneous local convolution, driven by spontaneously arising wave-like activity-which itself promotes local Hebbian modulation-enables logical gate-like neural motifs to form into hierarchical feed-forward structures of the Hubel-Wiesel type. Extra-synaptic effects are shown to play a significant rôle in these processes.

Use and co-use of alcohol and cannabis following physical pain in the daily life of community adults engaged in regular substance use.

Objective: Alcohol and cannabis are often perceived as pain-relieving. However, minimal work has examined whether people use and co-use these substances following pain in daily life.

Method: Forty-six adults reporting weekly use of alcohol and/or cannabis completed a 60-day ecological momentary assessment protocol, answering at least four daily reports on their alcohol and cannabis use and pain ( = 10,769 over 2,656 days).

An evaluation of first responders' intention to refer to post-overdose services following SHIELD training.

Background: First responders [law enforcement officers (LEO) and Fire/Emergency Medical Services (EMS)] can play a vital prevention role, connecting overdose survivors to treatment and recovery services. This study was conducted to examine the effect of occupational safety and harm reduction training on first responders' intention to refer overdose survivors to treatment, syringe service, naloxone distribution, social support, and care-coordination services, and whether those intentions differed by first responder profession.

Methods: First responders in Missouri were trained using the Safety and Health Integration in the Enforcement of Laws on Drugs (SHIELD) model.

Modeling momentary reciprocal associations between negative affect and craving for alcohol and cannabis using dynamic structural equation modeling.

Objective: Negative reinforcement models suggest that negative affect should predict event-level substance use, however, supporting daily-life evidence is lacking. One reason may be an emphasis in ecological momentary assessment (EMA) research on use behavior, which is subject to contextual and societal constraints that other substance outcomes, such as craving, may not be subject to. Therefore, the present study tested momentary, within-person reciprocal relations among negative affect and craving for alcohol and cannabis in daily life.

Trait impulsivity moderates rate of alcohol consumption in daily life.

Introduction: Rate of alcohol consumption, the speed with which people drink, has been linked to a range of outcomes, including alcohol use disorder symptoms and increased positive affect. However, minimal work has identified who is most likely to drink at elevated rates. Impulsivity is associated with increased attention to positive reinforcers specifically (e.

Criterion A and Non-Criterion A Racial Discrimination Experiences, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Posttraumatic Cognitions Among Black or African Americans.

Racial discrimination is an unfortunately common experience for Black Americans with detrimental physical and mental health consequences. Prior research has established an association between discrimination and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS); yet, trauma-related cognitions have not been studied. The majority of the existing empirical work in this area has not examined specific forms of discrimination experiences, despite potential key differences in these adversities.

Lipid phosphorylation by a diacylglycerol kinase suppresses ABA biosynthesis to regulate plant stress responses.

Lipid phosphorylation by diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) that produces phosphatidic acid (PA) plays important roles in various biological processes, including stress responses, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that DGK5 and its lipid product PA suppress ABA biosynthesis by interacting with ABA-DEFICIENT 2 (ABA2), a key ABA biosynthesis enzyme, to negatively modulate plant response to abiotic stress tested in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss of DGK5 function rendered plants less damaged, whereas overexpression (OE) of DGK5 enhanced plant damage to water and salt stress.

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Efficacy of a Self-Guided Internet-Delivered Dialectical Behavior Therapy Intervention for Substance Use Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: People with alcohol and substance use disorders (SUDs) often have underlying difficulties in regulating emotions. Although dialectical behavioral therapy is effective for SUDs, it is often difficult to access. Self-guided, internet-delivered dialectical behavioral therapy (iDBT) allows for expanded availability, but few studies have rigorously evaluated it in individuals with SUDs.

A Multisample Path Analysis Including a Novel Psychological Indicator, Attitude Toward Life, After the First Wave of COVID-19.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 outbreak, China applied a unique volunteerism system in which nurses and physicians traveled to the epicenter to care for patients. During the same period, another group, nurse and physician nonvolunteers, stayed at their home hospitals outside of the epicenter and cared for patients without COVID-19. Yet only one Chinese study examined psychological responses comparing these groups.

Observations of Positive Parenting from Online Parent-Child Interactions at Age 1.

Objective: Brief, reliable, and cost-effective methods to assess parenting are critical for advancing parenting research.

Design: We adapted the Three Bags task and Parent Child Interaction Rating System (PCIRS) for rating online visits with 219 parent-child dyads (White, = 104 [47.5%], Black, = 115 [52.

Phosphatidic acid signaling and function in nuclei.

Membrane lipidomes are dynamic and their changes generate lipid mediators affecting various biological processes. Phosphatidic acid (PA) has emerged as an important class of lipid mediators involved in a wide range of cellular and physiological responses in plants, animals, and microbes. The regulatory functions of PA have been studied primarily outside the nuclei, but an increasing number of recent studies indicates that some of the PA effects result from its action in nuclei.

Mexican-origin parent and child reported neighborhood factors and youth substance use.

Background: Structural oppression affects health behaviors through residence in suboptimal neighborhoods and exposure to community violence. Youth and parents report perceptions of neighborhood factors that can affect youth substance use behaviors. Given that Latinx youth report higher levels of perceived community violence than other racial and ethnic groups, it is imperative to examine how youth- and parent-perceived neighborhood-level factors may relate to youth substance use.

Associations Between Head Injury, Strangulation, Cardiometabolic Health, and Functional Disability Among Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence.

Objective: Head injury and strangulation are highly prevalent in intimate partner violence (IPV) contexts, but there is little research examining the potential implications of these injuries on physical health and functional status. This pilot study explored the extent to which injury type (head injury, strangulation) and severity (no injury, subconcussive head injury, traumatic brain injury; no strangulation, strangulation, strangulation with loss of consciousness) were associated with biomarkers of cardiometabolic health and self-reported functioning among female survivors of IPV.

Methods: Participants were 51 individuals assigned female at birth who experienced IPV during their lifetime and screened positive for probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (average age = 32.

Room-Temperature Columnar Liquid Crystals from Twisted and Macrocyclic 9,9'-Bifluorenylidene Mesogen with Ambipolar Carrier Transport Properties.

We herein report the synthesis and characterization of a series of twisted and conjugated 9,9'-bifluorenylidene () derivatives and a ladder-shaped cyclic dimer () bearing eight long alkoxy chains at peripheral positions. These contorted aromatics formed hexagonal columnar liquid crystalline mesophases over a wide temperature range, including room temperature. Ambipolar carrier transport properties with electron and hole mobility values of approximately 10 and 10 cm V s, respectively, were achieved for the derivatives forming a monodomain orientation at ambient temperature.

Overcoming the civil wars: the role of attachment styles between the impact of war and psychological symptoms and post-traumatic growth among Libyan citizens.

Civil wars in Libya have impacted the mental health of the general population. The ways in which individuals cope with traumatic events are influenced by several psychological variables. The present study aimed to investigate how post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are associated with psychological symptoms and post-traumatic growth (PTG), and to evaluate the role of avoidant and anxious attachment dimensions as mediators in these associations, among Libyan citizens.

The Differential Role of Perceived Same-Gender and Gender-Neutral Norms in Emerging Adult Risk Behavior.

: Normative perceptions are strongly related to risk behaviors among emerging adults but the role of gender-specific normative perceptions remain unclear. : The current study examined the differential effects of same-gender and gender-neutral normative perceptions on self-reported substance use and sexual risk behavior. College students (n = 389, ages 18-25) reported binge drinking, cannabis use and prescription drug misuse, sexual risk behavior, and the perceived frequency of these behaviors by both the average- and same-gender adult.

Neighborhood Crime and Externalizing Behavior in Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study With Neonatal fMRI and Parenting.

Objective: Prenatal exposure to neighborhood crime has been associated with weaker neonatal frontolimbic connectivity; however, associations with early childhood behavior remain unclear. We hypothesized that living in a high-crime neighborhood would be related to higher externalizing symptoms at age 1 and 2 years, over and above other adversities, and that neonatal frontolimbic connectivity and observed parenting behaviors at 1 year would mediate this relationship.

Method: Participants included 399 pregnant women, recruited as part of the Early Life Adversity, Biological Embedding, and Risk for Developmental Precursors of Mental Disorders (eLABE) study.