Environment scan of generative AI infrastructure for clinical and translational science.

This study reports a comprehensive environmental scan of the generative AI (GenAI) infrastructure in the national network for clinical and translational science across 36 institutions supported by the CTSA Program led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the United States. Key findings indicate a diverse range of institutional strategies, with most organizations in the experimental phase of GenAI deployment. The results underscore the need for a more coordinated approach to GenAI governance, emphasizing collaboration among senior leaders, clinicians, information technology staff, and researchers.

Targeting CRM1 for Progeria Syndrome Therapy.

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a premature aging disease caused by progerin, a mutant variant of lamin A. Progerin anchors aberrantly to the nuclear envelope disrupting a plethora of cellular processes, which in turn elicits senescence. We previously showed that the chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-driven nuclear export pathway is abnormally enhanced in patient-derived fibroblasts, due to overexpression of CRM1.

NAD World 3.0: the importance of the NMN transporter and eNAMPT in mammalian aging and longevity control.

Over the past five years, systemic NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) decline has been accepted to be a key driving force of aging in the field of aging research. The original version of the NAD World concept was proposed in 2009, providing an integrated view of the NAD-centric, systemic regulatory network for mammalian aging and longevity control. The reformulated version of the concept, the NAD World 2.

Biochemical, structural, and cellular characterization of S-but-3-yn-2-ylglycine as a mechanism-based covalent inactivator of the flavoenzyme proline dehydrogenase.

The mitochondrial flavoenzymes proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and hydroxyproline dehydrogenase (PRODH2) catalyze the first steps of proline and hydroxyproline catabolism, respectively. The enzymes are targets for chemical probe development because of their roles in cancer cell metabolism (PRODH) and primary hyperoxaluria (PRODH2). Mechanism-based inactivators of PRODH target the FAD by covalently modifying the N5 atom, with N-propargylglycine (NPPG) being the current best-in-class of this type of probe.

Construction, characterization and application of rutin loaded zein - Carboxymethyl starch sodium nanoparticles.

In this paper, zein-carboxymethyl starch (CMS) nanoparticles were prepared by antisolvent precipitation method to improve the stability of rutin (RT). The encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, oxidation resistance, structural properties were evaluated. The results showed that electrostatic, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction were the main driving forces for the formation of nanoparticles.

Intestinal Obstruction and Neurotoxicity Associated With Water Bead Ingestion.

Water beads are superabsorbent polymer balls. They were originally marketed for agricultural and decorative applications and are now sold as sensory toys. They can be harmful to children in 2 ways.

How can we make sound replication decisions?

Replication and the reported crises impacting many fields of research have become a focal point for the sciences. This has led to reforms in publishing, methodological design and reporting, and increased numbers of experimental replications coordinated across many laboratories. While replication is rightly considered an indispensable tool of science, financial resources and researchers' time are quite limited.

Discourse on measurement.

Measurement literacy is required for strong scientific reasoning, effective experimental design, conceptual and empirical validation of measurement quantities, and the intelligible interpretation of error in theory construction. This discourse examines how issues in measurement are posed and resolved and addresses potential misunderstandings. Examples drawn from across the sciences are used to show that measurement literacy promotes the goals of scientific discourse and provides the necessary foundation for carving out perspectives and carrying out interventions in science.

Alternative approaches for monitoring and evaluation of lymphatic filariasis following mass drug treatment with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea.

Background: WHO recommends two annual rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole (IDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination in treatment naïve areas that are not co-endemic for onchocerciasis such as Papua New Guinea (PNG). Whether two rounds of MDA are necessary or sufficient and the optimal sampling strategies and endpoints for stopping MDA remain undefined.

Methods And Findings: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted at baseline (N = 49 clusters or villages) and 12 months after mass drug administration (MDA) with IDA (N = 47 villages) to assess lymphatic filariasis (LF) by circulating filarial antigenemia (CFA) and microfilariae (Mf).

Measuring self-reliance and wellbeing among forcibly displaced women enrolled in a gender-focused economic empowerment program: A protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial in Colombia.

Colombia currently hosts nearly three million Venezuelan refugees and migrants and is home to seven million internally displaced Colombians. For forcibly displaced populations in Colombia, and especially for women, gender-based violence (GBV) poses a threat during transit and in their new homes where xenophobia, lack of accessible and adequate services, limited safe economic opportunities, and lack of information on access to services, further increase risk. The dearth of livelihood opportunities also affects forcibly displaced populations, especially women.

Metabolomic analysis of murine tissues infected with Brucella melitensis.

Brucella is a gram negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that constitutes a substantial threat to human and animal health. Brucella can replicate in a variety of tissues and can induce immune responses that alter host metabolite availability. Here, mice were infected with B.

Long-Term Risks of Living Kidney Donation: State of the Evidence and Strategies to Resolve Knowledge Gaps.

Living-donor kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for kidney failure. In the United States, rates of living kidney donation have been stagnant, which is partly related to concerns over medical and financial risks. Recent research has better characterized the risks of living kidney donation, although the field is limited by a lack of robust registries.

Cross-Sectional Comparison of Structural MRI Markers of Impairment in a Diverse Cohort of Older Adults.

Neurodegeneration is presumed to be the pathological process measure most proximal to clinical symptom onset in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Structural MRI is routinely collected in research and clinical trial settings. Several quantitative MRI-based measures of atrophy have been proposed, but their low correspondence with each other has been previously documented.

Current practices by Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers to remunerate research participants.

Introduction: Recent guidance from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) recommends remuneration for all Alzheimer's disease (AD) research participants. Given AD research recruitment challenges, we assessed the remuneration practices at Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs).

Methods: We surveyed 37 ADRCs about remuneration for longitudinal research participants.

Morphologic Correlations With Homologous Recombination Deficiency in High-grade Serous Carcinomas.

High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) respond favorably to platinum therapy and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 commonly cause HRD and have been associated with Solid, pseudoEndometrioid, and Transitional-like (SET-like) histology. Mutations in other homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes as well as epigenetic changes can also result in HRD; however, morphologic correlates have not been well-explored in these cases.

Concurrent Validity and Reliability of In-Person and Supervised Remote STEADI Fall Risk Assessment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background And Purpose: Physical therapists play a vital role in preventing and managing falls in older adults. With advancements in digital health and technology, community fall prevention programs need to adopt valid and reliable telehealth-based assessments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the telehealth-based timed up and go (TUG) test, 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST), and four-stage (4-stage) balance test as functional components of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) fall risk assessment.

A neuropathology case report of a woman with Down syndrome who remained cognitively stable: Implications for resilience to neuropathology.

Introduction: Aging adults with Down syndrome (DS) accumulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, by age 40.

Methods: We present findings from an individual with DS who remained cognitively stable despite AD neuropathology. Clinical assessments, fluid biomarkers, neuroimaging, and neuropathological examinations were conducted to characterize her condition.

Association of rapid eye movement sleep latency with multimodal biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), but the relationship between sleep architecture, particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and AD/ADRD biomarkers remains unclear.

Methods: We enrolled 128 adults (64 with Alzheimer's disease, 41 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 23 with normal cognition [NC]), mean age 70.8 ± 9.

Modification of Non-photochemical Quenching Pathways in the C Model Plant Revealed Shared and Unique Photoprotection Mechanisms as Compared to C Plants.

Light is essential for photosynthesis; however, excess light can increase the accumulation of photoinhibitory reactive oxygen species that reduce photosynthetic efficiency. Plants have evolved photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) pathways to dissipate excess light energy. In tobacco and soybean (C plants), overexpression of three NPQ genes, e (VDE), (PsbS), and (ZEP), hereafter VPZ, resulted in faster NPQ induction and relaxation kinetics, and increased crop yields in field conditions.

Accurate Prediction of Protein Complex Stoichiometry by Integrating AlphaFold3 and Template Information.

Protein structure prediction methods require stoichiometry information (i.e., subunit counts) to predict the quaternary structure of protein complexes.

Chromosome Numbers and Reproductive Life Cycles in Green Plants: A Phylotranscriptomic Perspective.

The strong correlation between reproductive life cycle type and chromosome numbers in green plants has been a long-standing mystery in evolutionary biology. Within green plants, the derived condition of heterosporous reproduction has emerged from the ancestral condition of homospory in disparate locations on the phylogenetic tree at least 11 times, of which three lineages are extant. In all green plant lineages where heterospory has emerged, there has been a significant downsizing in chromosome numbers.

Development of right ventricular electromechanical dyssynchrony following surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in infants.

Background: In adolescents and adults with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), right ventricle (RV) electromechanical dyssynchrony (EMD) due to right bundle branch block (RBBB) is associated with reduced exercise capacity and RV dysfunction. While the development of RBBB following surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) is a frequent sequela, it is not known whether EMD is present in every patient immediately following rTOF. The specific timing of the onset of RBBB following rTOF therefore provides an opportunity to assess whether acute RBBB is associated with the simultaneous acquisition of EMD.