A family-based behavioral group obesity randomized control feasibility trial across a clinical trials network: a focus on contact hours.

Objective: This ancillary study's purpose is to describe the relationship between dose of treatment and body mass index (BMI) outcomes in a tele-behavioral health program delivered in the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network to children and their families living in rural communities.

Methods: Participants randomized to the intervention were able to receive 26 contact hours (15 hr of group sessions and 11 hr of individual sessions) of material focused on nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral caregiver training delivered via interactive televideo. Dose of the intervention received by child/caregiver dyads (n = 52) from rural areas was measured as contact hours.

Quasi-Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Spin Fluctuations in the Spin-Triplet Superconductor Candidate CeRh_{2}As_{2}.

The tetragonal heavy-fermion superconductor CeRh_{2}As_{2} (T_{c}=0.3  K) exhibits an exceptionally high critical field of 14 T for B∥c. It undergoes a field-driven first-order phase transition between superconducting states, potentially transitioning from spin-singlet to spin-triplet superconductivity.

Analytical Model for Atomic Relaxation in Twisted Moiré Materials.

By virtue of being atomically thin, the electronic properties of heterostructures built from two-dimensional materials are strongly influenced by atomic relaxation. The atomic layers behave as flexible membranes rather than rigid crystals. Here we develop an analytical theory of lattice relaxation in twisted moiré materials.

Benzodiazepine-Free Cardiac Anesthesia for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium: A Cluster Randomized Crossover Trial.

Importance: Delirium is common after cardiac surgery and associated with adverse outcomes. Intraoperative benzodiazepines may increase postoperative delirium but restricting intraoperative benzodiazepines has not yet been evaluated in a randomized trial.

Objective: To determine whether an institutional policy of restricted intraoperative benzodiazepine administration reduced the incidence of postoperative delirium.

Intralesional injection of CpG ODNs complexed with glatiramer acetate mitigates systemic cytokine toxicities and synergistically advances checkpoint blockade efficacy.

PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are mainstream agents for cancer immunotherapy, but the prognosis is unsatisfactory in solid tumor patients lacking preexisting T-cell reactivity. Adjunct therapy strategies including the intratumoral administration of immunostimulants aim to address this limitation. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), TLR9 agonists that can potentiate adaptive immunity, have been widely investigated to tackle PD-L1/PD-1 resistance, but clinical success has been hindered by inconsistent efficacy and immune-related toxicities caused by systemic exposure.

Family Impacts of Diabetic Extremity Wound Caregiving: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Report.

More than three million people in the United States are treated for diabetic extremity wounds every year, with numerous physical, financial, and psychosocial impacts not only to patients but also their families who care for them. This study examined the experiences of families who care for adult members with a diabetic extremity wound. A qualitative multiple case study was conducted with four family cases recruited from an urban academic medical center in the Southeastern United States, with data collection consisting of individual interviews, demographic survey instruments, and family caregiving genogram construction.

Functionally active modulators targeting the LRRK2 WD40 repeat domain identified by FRASE-bot in CACHE Challenge #1.

Critical Assessment of Computational Hit-Finding Experiments (CACHE) Challenges emerged as real-life stress tests for computational hit-finding strategies. In CACHE Challenge #1, 23 participants contributed their original workflows to identify small-molecule ligands for the WD40 repeat (WDR) of LRRK2, a promising Parkinson's target. We applied the FRASE-based hit-finding robot (FRASE-bot), a platform for interaction-based screening allowing a drastic reduction of the explorable chemical space and a concurrent detection of putative ligand-binding sites.

Anisotropic structure of nanofiber hydrogel accelerates diabetic wound healing via triadic synergy of immune-angiogenic-neurogenic microenvironments.

Wound healing in chronic diabetic patients remains challenging due to the multiple types of cellular dysfunction and the impairment of multidimensional microenvironments. The physical signals of structural anisotropy offer significant potential for orchestrating multicellular regulation through physical contact and cellular mechanosensing pathways, irrespective of cell type. In this study, we developed a highly oriented anisotropic nanofiber hydrogel designed to provide directional guidance for cellular extension and cytoskeletal organization, thereby achieving pronounced multicellular modulation, including shape-induced polarization of macrophages, morphogenetic maturation of Schwann cells, oriented extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by fibroblasts, and enhanced vascularization by endothelial cells.

A Comprehensive Analysis on the Readability of Rhinoplasty-Based Web Content for Patients.

Rhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic procedures performed by plastic surgeons and otolaryngologists. Previous studies have concluded that the readability of rhinoplasty information does not meet the recommended guidelines for the 8th grade reading level. In this study, we performed an updated readability analysis and a comprehensive online review of decision-making factors for patients considering rhinoplasty.

Left Atrial Markers in Diagnosing and Prognosticating Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathies: Ready for Prime Time?

The left atrium (LA) is pivotal in cardiac hemodynamics, serving as a dynamic indicator of left ventricular (LV) compliance and diastolic function. The LA undergoes structural and functional adaptations in response to hemodynamic stress, infiltrative processes, myocardial injury, and arrhythmic triggers. Remodeling of the LA in response to these stressors directly impacts pulmonary circulation, eventually leading to pulmonary capillary involvement, pulmonary artery hypertension, and eventually right ventricular failure.

Osteochondral Fractures in Adolescents With First-time Patellar Dislocation: Three-dimensional Characterization and Association With Radiographic Features.

Background: Consequences of osteochondral fractures associated with patellar dislocation can be severe for younger patients. Precise 3-dimensional characterization of fracture location, size, frequency, and radiographic associations remain undefined in this population.

Purpose: (1) To define the topographic characteristics of osteochondral fractures in pediatric and adolescent patients with first-time patellar dislocations and (2) to determine the relationship between these characteristics and radiographic and patient factors.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Complete ACL Tears in the Skeletally Immature Population: A Prospective Multicenter PLUTO Study.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in pediatric and adolescent patients. Understanding this population's injury characteristics and treatment strategies is vital for managing this high-risk group.

Purpose: To report the descriptive epidemiology and treatment strategies of a large cohort of skeletally immature patients with complete ACL tears.

The impact of customized surface topography and porosity created by additive manufacturing technology on gingival fibroblasts.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze gingival fibroblast proliferation on additively manufactured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) groups with different surface characteristics namely no treatment group (NTG) and customized 250 µm diameter porosity (AM-250G) group.

Materials And Methods: 3D-printed NTG was compared for its influence on growth of cells to a additively manufactured surface with porosity (AM-250G). For each group (NTG, AM-250G) 20 samples of material were tested.

Essential and risk elements in horses affect haematology, serum biochemistry and oxidative status parameters.

The abundance of chemical elements in the blood of horses can indicate the physiological balance, health of animal as well as can be taken as an indicator of environmental pollution. The aim of this work was to analyse haematological, biochemical parameters, TOS, FRAP, SOD, Gpx, TAS and their correlations with concentrations of essential and risk elements in blood of horses stabled in two different locations: The National Stud Farm Topoľčianky (n = 11; 11 stallions, consisting of the breeds 6 Lipizzan, 3 Slovak warmblood, 2 Holsteiner) and Experimental Centre at Institute of Animal Husbandry, SUA in Nitra (n = 10; 4 stallions, 5 geldings, 1 mare, 4 stallions, 5 geldings and 1 mare, consisting of the breeds 3 Slovak warmblood, 4 Czech warmblood, 3 Holsteiner). Blood samples were obtained from horses (n = 21) from two localities in the Slovak Republic during May.

The relationship between optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging measurements in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Several studies show that optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics e with cognition, disability, and brain structure in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). This review the correlation between OCT parameters and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements in PwMS.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed, including studies published in English up to November 29, 2024 to identify studies reporting quantitative data on the correlation between baseline OCT parameters and MRI measurements in PwMS.

The talk and walk in Black families: Exploring racial socialization content and competency in the context of parental worries about racial profiling and adolescents' internalizing outcomes.

Although many parents worry that their child will be the target of racial profiling, there is a dearth of literature on how parental worries about children facing racism are linked to racial socialization (RS) practices and youth internalizing symptoms. Additionally, it is unclear how RS content relative to competency may uniquely influence whether and how parental worries influence youth internalizing outcomes. Using data from 203 Black parents (M = 44.

Polarization-Independent High-Q Phase Gradient Metasurfaces.

Dielectric metasurfaces have emerged as an unprecedented platform for precise wavefront manipulation at subwavelength scales with nearly zero loss. When aiming at dynamic applications such as AR/VR and LiDAR, high-quality factor (high-Q) phase gradient metasurfaces have emerged as a way to boost weak light-material interactions in flat-optical components. However, resonant features are naturally tied to polarization, limiting devices to operating on a single polarization state, which reduces the efficiency and adaptability of wave-shaping.

Nebulized aminoglycosides for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Methodological considerations and lessons from experimental studies.

Aminoglycosides are concentration-dependent antibiotics exerting a bactericidal effect when concentrations at the site of infection are equal to or greater than 5 times the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). When administered intravenously, they exhibit poor lung penetration and high systemic renal and ototoxicity, imposing to restrict their administration to 5 days. Experimental studies conducted in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep and pigs provide evidence that high doses of nebulized aminoglycosides induce a rapid and potent bacterial killing in the infected lung parenchyma.

Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Review.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) contributing to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. While liver transplantation (LT) has shown favorable outcomes, early identification and management of AKI is imperative for survival. This review aims to highlight the epidemiology, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis of AKI in CLD.

Environment scan of generative AI infrastructure for clinical and translational science.

This study reports a comprehensive environmental scan of the generative AI (GenAI) infrastructure in the national network for clinical and translational science across 36 institutions supported by the CTSA Program led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the United States. Key findings indicate a diverse range of institutional strategies, with most organizations in the experimental phase of GenAI deployment. The results underscore the need for a more coordinated approach to GenAI governance, emphasizing collaboration among senior leaders, clinicians, information technology staff, and researchers.

Targeting CRM1 for Progeria Syndrome Therapy.

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a premature aging disease caused by progerin, a mutant variant of lamin A. Progerin anchors aberrantly to the nuclear envelope disrupting a plethora of cellular processes, which in turn elicits senescence. We previously showed that the chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-driven nuclear export pathway is abnormally enhanced in patient-derived fibroblasts, due to overexpression of CRM1.

NAD World 3.0: the importance of the NMN transporter and eNAMPT in mammalian aging and longevity control.

Over the past five years, systemic NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) decline has been accepted to be a key driving force of aging in the field of aging research. The original version of the NAD World concept was proposed in 2009, providing an integrated view of the NAD-centric, systemic regulatory network for mammalian aging and longevity control. The reformulated version of the concept, the NAD World 2.

Biochemical, structural, and cellular characterization of S-but-3-yn-2-ylglycine as a mechanism-based covalent inactivator of the flavoenzyme proline dehydrogenase.

The mitochondrial flavoenzymes proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and hydroxyproline dehydrogenase (PRODH2) catalyze the first steps of proline and hydroxyproline catabolism, respectively. The enzymes are targets for chemical probe development because of their roles in cancer cell metabolism (PRODH) and primary hyperoxaluria (PRODH2). Mechanism-based inactivators of PRODH target the FAD by covalently modifying the N5 atom, with N-propargylglycine (NPPG) being the current best-in-class of this type of probe.