There Is No Direct Causal Relationship Between Coronary Artery Disease and Alzheimer Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: The association between poor cardiovascular health and cognitive decline as well as dementia progression has been inconsistent across studies. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between Alzheimer disease (AD), circulating levels of total-tau, and coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods And Results: This study used MR to investigate the causal relationship between AD or circulating levels of total-tau and CAD, including ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, coronary atherosclerosis, and heart failure.

Cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens are a site of cellular convergence for corticotropin-releasing factor and estrogen regulation in male and female mice.

Cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) act as master regulators of striatal output, finely tuning neurotransmission to control motivated behaviours. ChIs are a cellular target of many peptide and hormonal neuromodulators, including corticotropin-releasing factor, opioids, insulin and leptin, which can influence an animal's behaviour by signalling stress, pleasure, pain and nutritional status. However, little is known about how sex hormones via estrogen receptors influence the function of these other neuromodulators.

Ditopic ligand effects on solution structure and redox chemistry in discrete [CuS] clusters with labile Cu-S bonds.

Copper chalcogenide nanoclusters (Cu-S/Se/Te NCs) are a broad and diverse class of atomically precise nanomaterials that have historically been studied for potential applications in luminescent devices and sensors, and for their beautiful, mineral-like crystal structures. By the "cluster-surface" analogy, Cu-S/Se NCs are prime candidates for the development of nanoscale multimetallic catalysts with atomic precision. However, the majority of studies conducted to date have focused exclusively on their solid-state structures and physical properties, leaving open questions as to their solution stability, dynamics, and reactivity.

Over Activation of IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Juvenile Dermatomyositis.

Introduction: Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is characterized by persistent non-purulent inflammation in the muscle and skin. The underlying mechanisms still remain uncertain. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of interleukin-6 (IL-6) activation of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway (JAK/STAT3), contributing to the pathogenesis of JDM.

Neurocognitive Profile in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Candidates: Effects of Medical and Sociodemographic Factors.

Background: We evaluated the effects of kidney failure etiology, dialysis, and sociodemographic factors on the subdomains of intellectual functioning in pediatric kidney transplant candidates.

Methods: This retrospective study included 78 pediatric kidney transplant candidates who completed a Wechsler Intelligence Scale assessment during pre-transplant neuropsychological evaluation between 1/1/2010 and 10/31/2022. Linear regression models were employed to examine the effects of kidney failure etiology, dialysis status, neighborhood area deprivation, and race on subdomains of intellectual functioning.

Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury among Hospitalized Patients with Infective Endocarditis: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis.

: Patients with infective endocarditis (IE) are more susceptible to acute kidney injury (AKI). The presence of AKI increases in-hospital complications in these patients. : The 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database consisting of adult admissions with IE and AKI was utilized.

Stress-regulated Arabidopsis GAT2 is a low affinity γ-aminobutyric acid transporter.

The four-carbon non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates to high levels in plants in response to various abiotic and biotic stress stimuli, and plays a role in C:N balance, signaling, and as a transport regulator. Expression in Xenopus oocytes and voltage-clamping allowed the characterization of Arabidopsis GAT2 (At5g41800) as a low affinity GABA transporter with a K0.5GABA ~8 mM.

Kinetic investigation on the catalytic pyrolysis of plastic fractions of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A mathematical deconvolution approach.

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become a critical environmental problem. Catalytic pyrolysis is an ideal technique to treat and convert the plastic fraction of WEEE into chemicals and fuels. Unfortunately, research using real WEEE remains relatively limited.

Targeting the multifaceted BRAF in cancer: New directions.

Activating mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway represent driver alterations governing tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. MAPK activation predominantly occurs through genomic alterations in and . BRAF is an effector kinase that functions downstream of and propagates this oncogenic activity through MEK and ERK.

Isolation and genomic analysis of " MK1, a Gram-positive, Fe(III)-reducing bacterium from the Soudan Underground Mine, an iron-rich Martian analog site.

The Soudan Underground Mine State Park, found in the Vermilion Iron Range in northern Minnesota, provides access to a ~ 2.7 billion-year-old banded iron formation. Exploratory boreholes drilled between 1958 and 1962 on the 27th level (713 m underground) of the mine intersect calcium and iron-rich brines that have recently been subject to metagenomic analysis and microbial enrichments.

Constructing comparable intimate partner violence indicators across the DHS, MICS, and PMA health surveys.

We construct comparable indicators that measure the prevalence of recent intimate partner violence (IPV) using publicly available, integrated microdata within the IPUMS data collections across many countries. The objective of this work is to increase opportunities for comparative research by leveraging vast quantities of harmonized data. We use consistent and comparable variables that measure domestic violence in international health surveys.

Using Conditional Entropy Networks of Ordinal Measures to Examine Changes in Self-Worth Among Adolescent Students in High School.

We implement an analytic approach for ordinal measures and we use it to investigate the structure and the changes over time of self-worth in a sample of adolescents students in high school. We represent the variations in self-worth and its various sub-domains using entropy-based measures that capture the observed uncertainty. We then study the evolution of the entropy across four time points throughout a semester of high school.

Individual Predictors of Language Treatment Response in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Treatment response is the degree to which an individual benefits from a treatment. This systematic review sought to identify and synthesize research evidence regarding individual characteristics that predict language treatment response among children with developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method: To be eligible for inclusion, articles needed to report results of an oral language treatment program in a group of children aged 4-10 years with identified DLD and also include a quantitative analysis of the relation between one or more pretreatment child characteristics and the outcome of language treatment.

Natural Selection Across Three Generations of Americans.

We investigate natural selection on polygenic scores in the contemporary US, using the Health and Retirement Study. Across three generations, scores which correlate negatively (positively) with education are selected for (against). However, results only partially support the economic theory of fertility as an explanation for natural selection.

Analysis of Faculty Gender and Race in Scholarly Achievements in Academic Neurology.

Intersection of gender and race and/or ethnicity in academic medicine is understudied; we aim to understand these factors in relation to scholarly achievements for neurology faculty. Faculty from 19 US neurology departments completed a survey (2021-2022) to report rank, leadership positions, publications, funded projects, awards, and speaker invitations. Regression analyses examined effects of gender, race, and their intersectionality on these achievements.

Integrating spatial transcriptomics and bulk RNA-seq: predicting gene expression with enhanced resolution through graph attention networks.

Spatial transcriptomics data play a crucial role in cancer research, providing a nuanced understanding of the spatial organization of gene expression within tumor tissues. Unraveling the spatial dynamics of gene expression can unveil key insights into tumor heterogeneity and aid in identifying potential therapeutic targets. However, in many large-scale cancer studies, spatial transcriptomics data are limited, with bulk RNA-seq and corresponding Whole Slide Image (WSI) data being more common (e.

Psychological and Academic Adaptation Through Universal Ethnic Studies Classes: Results of a Natural Experiment.

Schools in the United States are increasingly offering ethnic studies classes, which focus on exploring students' ethnic-racial identities (ERI) and critical analysis of systemic racism, to their diverse student bodies, yet scant research exists on their effectiveness for students of different ethnic-racial backgrounds in multiracial classrooms. A policy change to require all high school students in one school district to take an ethnic studies class facilitated a natural experiment for comparing the effects of quasi-random assignment to an ethnic studies class (treatment) relative to a traditional social studies class (control; e.g.

Deciphering high-order structures in spatial transcriptomes with graph-guided Tucker decomposition.

Unlabelled: Spatial transcripome (ST) profiling can reveal cells' structural organizations and functional roles in tissues. However, deciphering the spatial context of gene expressions in ST data is a challenge-the high-order structure hiding in whole transcriptome space over 2D/3D spatial coordinates requires modeling and detection of interpretable high-order elements and components for further functional analysis and interpretation. This paper presents a new method GraphTucker-graph-regularized Tucker tensor decomposition for learning high-order factorization in ST data.

Evidence for Superoxide-Initiated Oxidation of Aniline in Water by Pulsed, Atmospheric Pressure Plasma.

Plasma-driven solution electrochemistry (PDSE) uses plasma-generated reactive species to drive redox reactions in solution. Nonthermal, atmospheric pressure plasmas, when irradiating water, produce many redox species. While PDSE is a promising chemical tool, there is limited insight into the mechanisms of the reactions due to the variety of short-lived reagents produced.

Enhanced catabolism of glycine betaine and derivatives provides improved osmotic stress protection in PA1.

Integration of metabolites into the overall metabolic network of a cell requires careful coordination dependent upon the ultimate usage of the metabolite. Different stoichiometric needs, and thus pathway fluxes, must exist for compounds destined for diverse uses, such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources, or stress-protective agents. Herein, we expand upon our previous work that highlighted the nature of glycine betaine (GB) metabolism in Methylobacteria to examine the utilization of GB-derivative compounds dimethylglycine (DMG) and sarcosine into in different metabolic capacities, including as sole nitrogen and/or carbon sources.

Using technical assistance to bridge the gap between policy, research, and implementation.

This case study on the Children, Youth, and Families At-Risk (CYFAR) Professional Development and Technical Assistance (PDTA) Center highlights a government-funded entity's efforts to provide technical assistance to federal grantees of the CYFAR Sustainable Community Projects (SCP) grant program. The PDTA Center aligns with and supports components of an evidence-based system for innovation support. Through these components, the system provides targeted tools, training for CYFAR SCP grantees, dedicated technical assistance in the form of coaching, and quality improvement support through the evaluation of available program data.

Clinical pharmacology considerations and drug-drug interactions with long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine relevant to sub-Saharan Africa.

Long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir and rilpivirine for HIV treatment and LAI cabotegravir for pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis are being rolled out in a multitude of countries worldwide. Due to the prolonged exposure, it can be challenging to undertake 'traditional' pharmacokinetic studies and current guidance is derived from their oral equivalents or physiologically based pharmacokinetic studies. This review aims to consider pharmacokinetic characteristics of cabotegravir and rilpivirine and describe anticipated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with frequent concomitant medications in African settings.