The Two Sides of Placebo Analgesia: Differential Functional Connectivity Reveals Mechanisms of Placebo Analgesic Response.

Background: Previous research has demonstrated that placebo induction manipulations can reduce an individual's pain through non-specific mechanisms, such as expectancy manipulations. However, despite robust research characterizing these effects, individual differences in predicting placebo analgesic responses are not well understood.

Methods: Fifty-four healthy pain-free adults over 18 (M=22.

An Expert Consensus Statement for Implementing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Nightmares in Adults.

Objectives: Research supports cognitive behavioral therapies for nightmares (CBT-N) in adults. However, the nuances of implementation and unstandardized nomenclature for treatment components has created confusion in the field. To provide clarification, an expert consensus panel convened to review treatment manual components and to develop guidelines for the standardized implementation and terminology of CBT-N.

An Incognito Standardized Patient Approach for Measuring and Reducing Intersectional Healthcare Stigma: A Pilot Cluster Randomized Control Trial.

Background: Consistent evidence shows stigma impedes healthcare access in people living with HIV (PLWH) and men who have sex with men (MSM). We evaluated the impact of a stigma reduction training for providers whose design was informed by direct observation of their clinical behaviors obtained through visits by incognito standardized patient (SP).

Setting: We conducted this study in in sexually transmitted infection clinics in Guangzhou, China.

Contextualizing the Upper Paleolithic of the Armenian Highlands: New data from Solak-1, central Armenia.

As a potential corridor connecting Southwest Asia with western and northern Europe, the Armenian Highlands and southern Caucasus hold great potential for increasing our understanding of Upper Paleolithic behavioral and cultural variability. However, given the dearth of Upper Paleolithic sites, we lack the data necessary to answer basic questions regarding the timing and nature of the Upper Paleolithic in this region. Solak-1 is an open-air site located along the upper Hrazdan Valley (1635 m above sea level) in central Armenia.

Purpose in Life After Brain Injury: Expanding the Focus and Impact of Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation.

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a life-altering event that can abruptly and drastically derail an individual's expected life trajectory. While some adults who have sustained a TBI go on to make a full recovery, many live with persisting disability many years postinjury. Helping patients adjust to and flourish with disability that may persist should be as much a part of rehabilitative practice as addressing impairment, activity, and participation-level changes after TBI.

Managing the work of living with heart failure: a qualitative study using the cumulative complexity model from Southeastern Minnesota.

Objective: Patients with heart failure (HF) perform a variety of self-care activities to control symptoms and minimise the risk of HF decompensations. The objective of this study was to understand how patients build capacity and manage the work of living with HF.

Design: A qualitative study using semi-structured telephone interviews.

Influence of Photoemission Geometry on Timing and Efficiency in 4D Ultrafast Electron Microscopy.

Broader adoption of 4D ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) for the study of chemical, materials, and quantum systems is being driven by development of new instruments as well as continuous improvement and characterization of existing technologies. Perhaps owing to the still-high barrier to entry, the full range of capabilities of laser-driven 4D UEM instruments has yet to be established, particularly when operated at extremely low beam currents (~fA). Accordingly, with an eye on beam stability, we have conducted particle tracing simulations of unconventional off-axis photoemission geometries in a UEM equipped with a thermionic-emission gun.

Early adversity and inflammation at midlife: the moderating role of internalizing psychopathology.

Background: Childhood adversity has been associated with increased peripheral inflammation in adulthood. However, not all individuals who experience early adversity develop these inflammatory outcomes. Separately, there is also a link between various internalizing emotional distress conditions (e.

Critical Insights Into Public Health Interventions: Partnership, Cultural and Racial Tensions, and Vaccine Hesitancy Within Somali Communities in the Upper Midwest, USA, and Western Norway.

As the COVID-19 pandemic recedes, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for reducing transmission and severity, but vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge. The study explored community actions and initiatives addressing vaccine hesitancy among Somali immigrant communities in cities in the Upper Midwest, USA, and Western Norway, focusing on trust factors and comparing members of the Somali diaspora in two distinct social and cultural contexts. Qualitative collective case studies were conducted, involving 14 semi-structured interviews with key informants from the Upper Midwest and Western Norway knowledgeable about initiatives designed to address SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy.

Mammalian ZAP and KHNYN independently restrict CpG-enriched avian viruses.

Zoonotic viruses are an omnipresent threat to global health. Influenza A virus (IAV) transmits between birds, livestock, and humans. Proviral host factors involved in the cross-species interface are well known.

Norepinephrine Infusion and the Central Venous Waveform in a Porcine Model of Endotoxemic Hypotension with Resuscitation: A Large Animal Study.

Background: Venous waveform analysis is an emerging technique to estimate intravascular fluid status by fast Fourier transform deconvolution. Fluid status has been shown proportional to , the amplitude of the fundamental frequency of the waveform's cardiac wave upon deconvolution. Using a porcine model of distributive shock and fluid resuscitation, we sought to determine the influence of norepinephrine on of the central venous waveform.

Expanding first-line options for depression: Protocol of a pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial of yoga vs. behavioral activation (the COMPARE study).

Depression is a prevalent mental health condition in the United States and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The treatment guidelines for depression recommends either psychotherapy, such as behavioral activation (BA), or a second-generation antidepressant as a first-line treatment for adult patients with depression. However, many individuals with depression do not experience improvement from first-line treatments or choose not to engage in them due to stigma, cost, difficulty with access, and/or side effects.

The geographic scale of population-level variation in growth and nodulation differs for two species of prairie clover.

Premise: Prairies are among the most threatened biomes due to changing patterns of climate and land use, yet information on genetic variation in key species that would inform conservation is often limited. We assessed evidence for the geographic scale of population-level variation in growth of two species of prairie clover and of their symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Methods: Seed representing two species, Dalea candida and D.

Preschool Children's Science Learning: Instructional Approaches and Individual Differences.

Research Findings: Early science skills predict later science achievement, and persistent achievement gaps in science appear as early as preschool. The current study compared the effectiveness of different instructional approaches for teaching preschoolers about sinking and floating and examined individual differences in learning. Participants were typically developing 4-5-year-olds (=93; 47% female).

Adaptive Measurement of Change in the Context of Item Parameter Drift.

Adaptive measurement of change (AMC) uses computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to measure and test the significance of intraindividual change on one or more latent traits. The extant AMC research has so far assumed that item parameter values are constant across testing occasions. Yet item parameters might change over time, a phenomenon termed item parameter drift (IPD).

Comparative effectiveness of school-based obesity prevention programs for children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: While many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the positive effects of school-based programs in reducing body fat among children and teenagers, there is no conclusive evidence to indicate that one approach is superior to another, largely due to the lack of direct and indirect comparisons. This study evaluated the relative effectiveness of various school-based obesity prevention initiatives in improving body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents using network meta-analysis.

Methods: Searches included four databases focusing on articles published in English between the years 2002 and 2024.

Activation of caged functional RNAs by an oxidative transformation.

RNA exhibits remarkable capacity as a functional polymer, with broader catalytic and ligand-binding capability than previously thought. Despite this, the low side chain diversity present in nucleic acids (two purines and two pyrimidines) relative to proteins (20+ side chains of varied charge, polarity, and chemical functionality) limits the capacity of functional RNAs to act as environmentally responsive polymers, as is possible for peptide-based receptors and catalysts. Here we show that incorporation of the modified nucleobase 2-thiouridine (2sU) into functional (aptamer and ribozyme) RNAs produces functionally inactivated polymers that can be activated by oxidative treatment.

A machine learning approach identifies cellular senescence on transcriptome data of human cells in vitro.

Although cellular senescence has been recognized as a hallmark of aging, it is challenging to detect senescence cells (SnCs) due to their high level of heterogeneity at the molecular level. Machine learning (ML) is likely an ideal approach to address this challenge because of its ability to recognize complex patterns that cannot be characterized by one or a few features, from high-dimensional data. To test this, we evaluated the performance of four ML algorithms including support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), and Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), in distinguishing SnCs from controls based on bulk RNA sequencing data.

Widening Racial Disparities in the US Overdose Epidemic.

Introduction: . More Americans died in 2021 from drug overdose than from vehicle accidents and firearms combined. Unlike earlier phases, the current epidemic is marked by its disproportionate impact on communities of color.

Cognitive abilities are associated with rapid dynamics of electrophysiological connectome states.

Time-varying changes in whole-brain connectivity patterns, or connectome state dynamics, hold significant implications for cognition. However, connectome dynamics at fast (>1 Hz) timescales highly relevant to cognition are poorly understood due to the dominance of inherently slow fMRI in connectome studies. Here, we investigated the behavioral significance of rapid electrophysiological connectome dynamics using source-localized EEG connectomes during resting state ( = 926, 473 females).

Rapid dynamics of electrophysiological connectome states are heritable.

Time-varying changes in whole-brain connectivity patterns, or connectome state dynamics, are a prominent feature of brain activity with broad functional implications. While infraslow (<0.1 Hz) connectome dynamics have been extensively studied with fMRI, rapid dynamics highly relevant for cognition are poorly understood.

Unraveling the Growth Dynamics of Rutile SnGeO Using Theory and Experiment.

Rutile GeO and related materials are attracting interest due to their ultrawide band gaps and potential for ambipolar doping in high-power electronic applications. This study examines the growth of rutile SnGeO films through oxygen-plasma-assisted hybrid molecular beam epitaxy (hMBE). The film composition and thickness are evaluated across a range of growth conditions, with the outcomes rationalized by using density functional theory calculations.