2,606 results match your criteria: "University of Minnesota Twin Cities[Affiliation]"

Older adults were disproportionately affected by COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of sudden-onset social isolation and factors that influenced it among social isolation in two groups of older adults. A qualitative thematic study with a survey component was conducted comparing 18 older adults in two groups: 12 reporting physical health challenges and 6 reporting no physical health challenges.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lipid enals are electrophilic products of lipid peroxidation that induce genotoxic and proteotoxic stress by covalent modification of DNA and proteins, respectively. As lipid enals accumulate to substantial amounts in visceral adipose during obesity and aging, we hypothesized that biogenic lipid enals may represent an endogenously generated, and therefore physiologically relevant, senescence inducers. To that end, we identified that 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE) or 4-oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) initiate the cellular senescence program of IMR90 fibroblasts and murine adipose stem cells.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Oats are a minor forage crop in Taiwan, and previous records of oat rust disease in the country are limited, leading to a lack of understanding of the pathogen population.
  • In 2019, a rust-like outbreak at National Taiwan University's Experimental Farm prompted researchers to collect samples and identify the responsible pathogen, suspected to be the oat crown rust fungus.
  • The study successfully confirmed the pathogen's identity using phenotypic and molecular techniques, establishing it as the first molecular confirmation of this pathogen in Taiwan and noting its low virulence traits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • A study in Uganda highlights the use of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for treating HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, showcasing the nursing perspective in its administration.
  • The research details the preparation and administration process, revealing that single-dose AmBisome requires significantly less nursing time than daily doses of conventional amphotericin B.
  • The findings suggest that single-dose liposomal amphotericin B results in fewer side effects and complications, ultimately improving nursing care efficiency in resource-limited settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how discrimination impacts epigenetic age acceleration in children and adolescents from diverse ethnic backgrounds, focusing on low-income youths in urban areas of the U.S.
  • Utilizing DNA methylation data from saliva samples of nearly 2,040 participants, the research examines changes in biological aging over time, influenced by experiences of racialized police encounters.
  • The findings aim to provide insights into how these stressors may lead to disparities in aging processes across different racial and ethnic groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a set of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing radicals. They are produced from a wide range of sources. In biological contexts, cellular stress leads to an overproduction of ROS, which can lead to genetic damage and disease development.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The research investigates the link between body mass index (BMI) trajectories from infancy to adolescence and hair cortisol concentration (HCC), indicating stress hormone levels, measured two years later among participants.
  • - Three distinct BMI trajectories were identified: "low-stable," "moderate," and "high-rising," with findings showing that those on a moderate BMI trajectory had higher HCC compared to low-stable youth, while high-rising youth showed no significant correlation.
  • - The study highlights the importance of BMI variability during childhood in predicting cortisol levels, suggesting that fluctuations in weight over time may play a crucial role in stress hormone regulation, beyond just the BMI trajectory itself.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Health Information Technology (HIT) is increasingly being used to help providers connect patients with community resources to meet health related social needs (e.g., food, housing, transportation).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: Typically developing children assigned male at birth (AMAB) and children assigned female at birth (AFAB) produce the fricative /s/ differently: AFAB children produce /s/ with a higher spectral peak frequency. This study examined whether implicit knowledge of these differences affects speech-language pathologists'/speech and language therapists' (SLPs'/SLTs') ratings of /s/ accuracy, by comparing ratings made in conditions where SLPs/SLTs were blind to children's sex assigned at birth (SAB) to conditions in which they were told this information.

Methods: SLPs (n = 95) varying in clinical experience rated the accuracy of word-initial /s/ productions (n = 87) of eight children with speech sound disorder in one of four conditions: one in which no information about the children was revealed, one in which children's SAB was revealed, one in which children's age was revealed, and one in which both were revealed.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A general multi-scale description of metastable adaptive motion across fitness valleys.

J Math Biol

October 2024

Institut für Angewandte Mathematik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Endenicher Allee 60, 53115, Bonn, Germany.

We consider a stochastic individual-based model of adaptive dynamics on a finite trait graph . The evolution is driven by a linear birth rate, a density dependent logistic death rate and the possibility of mutations along the directed edges in E. We study the limit of small mutation rates for a simultaneously diverging population size.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The editorial completes the Neurophotonics special series on open-source neurophotonic tools for neuroscience.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • This study explores how alternative cleavage and polyadenylation within introns (intronic APA) create shorter mRNA variants, revealing complex responses to mTOR activity that either increase or decrease intronic APA for different genes.
  • Using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, researchers found a consistent pattern of contrasting intronic APA in normal and cancerous tissues, indicating its significant role in transcriptomic processes.
  • The analysis showed that protein length changes due to intronic APA could lead to functional differences, particularly in cancer contexts, suggesting that intronic APA is an important factor in shaping the cancer proteome and its functionality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Identification and Differentiation of the NX-2 Chemotype Using High-Resolution Melting (HRM).

Plant Dis

September 2024

USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig St, University of Minnesota, SAINT PAUL, Minnesota, United States, 55108-6086;

Fusarium head blight causes significant yield losses in wheat and other cereals and contaminates grain products with trichothecene mycotoxins. isolates are classified into different chemotypes depending on the type of mycotoxin produced, including the type B trichothecenes 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), and the recently identified type A trichothecene NX-2. Molecular tools to differentiate NX-2 producers from other chemotypes have remained relatively laborious and time consuming.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Damage-accumulation failure models are broadly used to examine tissue property changes caused by mechanical loading. However, damage accumulation models are purely phenomenological. The underlying justification in using this type of model is often that damage occurs to the extracellular fibers and/or cells which changes the fundamental mechanical behavior of the system.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Premise: Seed germination involves risk; post-germination conditions might not allow survival and reproduction. Variable, stressful environments favor seeds with germination that avoids risk (e.g.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with earlier initiation and maintenance of tobacco smoking and with a greater risk of subsequent relapse. There is growing evidence that appetite hormones, including peptide YY (PYY), which modulates craving and satiety responses, play a role in stress and addiction processes. This study employed a quasi-experimental design to examine the association between ELA and circulating PYY stress responses in smokers and nonsmokers (N = 152, ages 19-73 years) to examine the effects of nicotine addiction.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Mutations in coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10 () have been identified as a genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia(ALS-FTD). In our previous studies using in vivo model expressing CHCHD10, and human cell models expressing CHCHD10, we have identified that the PINK1/Parkin pathway is activated and causes cellular toxicity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pseudo-substrate inhibitors for PINK1 and mitofusin2 agonists mitigated the cellular toxicity of CHCHD10.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Molecular basis of proteolytic cleavage regulation by the extracellular matrix receptor dystroglycan.

Structure

November 2024

Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The dystrophin-glycoprotein-complex (DGC), which connects the cell's internal structure to its external environment, is crucial for muscle function, and its disruption is linked to diseases like muscular dystrophy.
  • Recent research focused on understanding how matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) can cleave dystroglycan, a key protein in the DGC, and how this might contribute to such diseases.
  • By analyzing the structure of dystroglycan, scientists discovered how its unique C-terminal extension regulates MMP cleavage, which could help clarify mechanisms behind DGC disruption in muscular dystrophy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Genetic ancestry in Puerto Rican afro-descendants illustrates diverse histories of African diasporic populations.

Am J Biol Anthropol

November 2024

Department of Anthropology, Genetic Anthropology and Biocultural Studies Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Objectives: Genetic studies of contemporary Puerto Ricans reflect a demographic history characterized by admixture between Indigenous American, African, and European peoples. While previous studies provide genetic perspectives on the general Puerto Rican population, less is known about the island's sub-populations, specifically Afro-Puerto Ricans.

Materials And Methods: In this study, the genetic ancestry of Afro-Puerto Ricans is characterized and compared to other Caribbean populations.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The purpose of this logistic regression study was to identify predictors of teacher-reported sustained use of data-based instruction (DBI) during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the extent to which the identified predictors explained teachers' sustained use after completing programmatic support for intensive early writing instruction. We surveyed 58 teachers who participated in a professional development efficacy trial regarding their sustained use of DBI in writing. The model indicated a higher predicted probability of sustaining DBI for teachers who received the full treatment (tools, learning modules, and coaching for 20 weeks of intervention during their year of participation in the efficacy trial) compared to teachers in the control group who only received tools and learning modules at the end of their participation year.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities continue to experience health disparities and poor health outcomes, which are influenced by social determinants of health. The theory of settler colonialism provides a framework for understanding the structures that affect social determinants of health and the resulting health disparities. Western biomedicine and medical education have been implicated in perpetuating settler colonialism, and as a result Indigenous medical educators and leaders have called for increased education and understanding of the structural and social determinants of health affecting Indigenous populations.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality for men worldwide. Enzalutamide, a second-generation non-steroidal antiandrogen that blocks androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity, is a treatment for biochemically recurrent, metastatic, castration-sensitive, and castration-resistant tumors. Unfortunately, most patients ultimately develop resistance to enzalutamide, making long-term treatment with this agent challenging.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lung cancer remains a major contributor to cancer fatalities, with cigarette smoking known to be responsible for up to 80% of cases. Based on the ability of cigarette smoke to induce inflammation in the lungs and increased lung cancer incidence in smokers with inflammatory conditions such as COPD, we hypothesized that inflammation plays an important role in the carcinogenicity of cigarette smoke. To test this hypothesis, we performed multi-omic analyses of Type II pneumocytes of A/J mice exposed to cigarette smoke for various time periods.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Determination of substrate binding affinity (K) is critical to understanding enzyme function. An extensive number of methods have been developed and employed to study ligand/substrate binding, but the best approach depends greatly on the substrate and the enzyme in question. Below we describe how to measure the K of BesD, a non-heme iron halogenase, for its native substrate lysine using equilibrium dialysis coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for subsequent detection.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF