Deletion of ACC Deaminase in Symbionts Converts the Host Plant From Water Waster to Water Saver.

Increasing drought events coupled with dwindling water reserves threaten global food production and security. This issue is exacerbated by the use of crops that overconsume water, undermining yield. We show here that microorganisms naturally associated with plant roots can undermine efficient water use, whereas modified bacteria can enhance it.

Comparative effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on children's body composition management: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: To provide comparative evidence on the effectiveness of various lifestyle interventions on body composition management for preschool and school-aged children.

Methods: PubMed (Medline), Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically searched for this network meta-analysis. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) that included children aged 4-12 years with no physical or mental conditions; performed at least 1 type of lifestyle intervention; reported change in body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, or body fat percentage (BFP); and were published between January 2010 and August 2023 were included.

Carbon and energy metabolism for the mixotrophic culture of using sodium acetate as a carbon source.

There has been an emergence of a diversity of microalgal mixotrophic synergistic mechanisms due to substrate differences. In this study, the effects of the mixotrophic culture of were examined. The maximum values of cell density, specific growth rate, and cell dry weight of were 3.

Artificial Intelligence-Generated Writing in the ERAS Personal Statement: An Emerging Quandary for Post-graduate Medical Education.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate if artificial intelligence (AI) detection software can determine the use of AI in personal statements for residency applications.

Method: Previously written personal statements were collected from physicians who had already matched to residency through the Electronic Residency Application System. Physicians were recruited for the study through collegial relationships and were given study information via email.

Determinants in the HTLV-1 Capsid Major Homology Region that are Critical for Virus Particle Assembly.

The Gag protein of retroviruses is the primary driver of virus particle assembly. Particle morphologies among retroviral genera are distinct, with intriguing differences observed relative to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), particularly that of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). In contrast to HIV-1 and other retroviruses where the capsid (CA) carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) possesses the key amino acid determinants involved in driving Gag-Gag interactions, we have previously demonstrated that the amino-terminal domain (NTD) encodes the key residues crucial for Gag multimerization and immature particle production.

Stuttering severity and social anxiety among adults who stutter: A multilevel analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to further investigate the association between social anxiety and stuttering severity among adults who stutter (AWS) at both the between- and within-person levels of analysis.

Method: Sixty-two AWS (women = 27, men = 35; M = 39.5 years, SD = 14.

Venous Thromboembolism: Current Insights and Future Directions.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cause of death worldwide even though incidence rates differ globally. Western nations report 1 to 2 cases per 1,000 person-years, while Eastern countries exhibit lower rates (<1 per 1,000 person-years). This comprehensive review delves into diverse VTE risk factors including gender, diabetes, obesity, smoking, genetic mutations, hormonal influences, travel, infections, trauma, and cancer.

Complex emotion processing and early life adversity in the Healthy Brain Network sample.

Objective: Early life adversity (ELA) has shown to have negative impacts on mental health. One possible mechanism is through alterations in neural emotion processing. We sought to characterize how multiple indices of ELA were related to naturalistic neural socio-emotional processing.

Wideband ratiometric measurement of tonic and phasic dopamine release in the striatum.

Reward learning, cognition, and motivation are supported by changes in neurotransmitter levels across multiple timescales. Current measurement technologies for various neuromodulators (such as dopamine and serotonin) do not bridge timescales of fluctuations, limiting the ability to define the behavioral significance, regulation, and relationship between fast (phasic) and slow (tonic) dynamics. To help resolve longstanding debates about the behavioral significance of dopamine across timescales, we developed a novel quantification strategy, augmenting extensively used carbon-fiber Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV).

Attitudes and Behavior Feedback Loops for Young Women's Premarital Sex.

Sociologists have long been puzzled by whether attitudes inform behaviors or vice versa. Accurately assessing both possibilities requires panel data collected at relatively short intervals. In this study, I leverage intensive panel data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life Study to assess the case of young women's premarital sexual attitudes and behavior.

Rural Alabamians' Unmet Medical Needs: Rethinking the Roles of Online Health Information-Seeking Behaviors.

Introduction: Unmet medical needs in rural areas are of grave concern in the U.S. With the advent of digital technologies, the Internet has become a critical means for accessing essential health information.

Perceptions of Lactation Experience Among Neurology Faculty and Impact of Lactation Time on Academic Achievement at U.S. Academic Medical Centers.

To investigate the perceptions of lactation experiences of neurology faculty and the impact of lactation time on academic achievement. This was a cross-sectional study utilizing a survey administered across 19 academic neurology centers in the United States. Respondents self-identified as having children and answered questions about lactation at work.

The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Lung Cancer Research.

The advent of artificial intelligence in healthcare is transforming medical research and clinical practice, with significant advancements in the areas of oncology. This commentary explores the pivotal role artificial intelligence plays in lung cancer research, offering insights into its current applications and future potential.

The Assembly of HTLV-1-How Does It Differ from HIV-1?

Retroviral assembly is a highly coordinated step in the replication cycle. The process is initiated when the newly synthesized Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins are directed to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), where they facilitate the budding and release of immature viral particles. Extensive research over the years has provided crucial insights into the molecular determinants of this assembly step.

Robustness Assessment of Oncology Dose-Finding Trials Using the Modified Fragility Index.

Objectives: The sample sizes of phase I trials are typically small; some designs may lead to inaccurate estimation of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The objective of this study was to propose a metric assessing whether the MTD decision is sensitive to enrolling a few additional subjects in a phase I dose-finding trial.

Methods: Numerous model-based and model-assisted designs have been proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of finding the MTD.

Comorbidities, Tobacco Exposure, and Geography: Added Risk Factors of Heat and Cold Wave Related Mortality among United States Veterans with COPD.

Introduction: Understanding the health risks associated with extreme weather events is needed to inform policies to protect vulnerable populations. To address this need, we estimated heat and cold wave related mortality risks in a cohort of veteran patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and explored disparities among strata of comorbidities, tobacco exposure, and urbanicity.

Methods: We designed a time stratified case-crossover study among deceased patients with COPD between 2016 to 2021 in the Veterans Health Administration system.

Associations between neighborhood factors and insomnia and their spatial clustering in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Background: Neighborhood-level adverse social determinants may be a risk factor for sleep health disparities. We examined the associations between neighborhood factors and insomnia and explored their spatial clustering in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from Philadelphia residents who participated in online screening for insomnia-related research.

Associations Between Loneliness, Epigenetic Aging, and Multimorbidity Through Older Adulthood.

Objectives: Loneliness is a pressing public health concern, but the mechanisms by which it leads to declining physical health are uncertain. Prior work has begun to explore epigenetic pathways, with some evidence suggesting a link between loneliness and DNA methylation, though it is unclear whether epigenetic variation can help explain loneliness-health associations.

Methods: Associations between loneliness and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) were estimated, as well as the degree to which EAA mediated and moderated the association between loneliness and the development of chronic physical health conditions (multimorbidity) in older adulthood.

Evaluating social network metrics as indicators of tail injury caused by tail biting in growing-finishing pigs ().

Tail biting is a multifactorial behavior that causes welfare and economic challenges in swine production. As of 2024, research exploring the influence of pig social structure on the development of tail biting is limited. The objective of this study was to explore whether social structures of pigs from different litter origins can impact tail biting and, ultimately, tail damage.