Construction of a heterojunction with fast charge transport channels for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution a synergistic strategy of Co-doping and crystal plane modulation.

Carrier spatial separation efficiency and active electron density are the key factors affecting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity. Heterojunction catalysts with fast charge separation and directed electron transport systems were successfully prepared by a synergistic modification strategy of transition metal (Co) doping and crystal plane modulation. The optimized electronic structure and enhanced reaction kinetics enabled unidirectional electron transfer.

Survival of women with colon cancer in relation to precancer anthropometric characteristics: the Iowa Women's Health Study.

Background: We hypothesized that precancer anthropometric variables are associated with mortality among women who developed colon cancer in a prospective cohort, the Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS).

Methods: From 1986 to 2005, 1,096 incident cases of colon cancer were identified (mean age at diagnosis, 73 years). Anthropometric characteristics were self-measured before colon cancer diagnosis (in 1986).

Changes in vasopressin use and outcomes in surgical intensive care unit patients with septic shock.

Introduction: This study compares recent vasopressin use and outcomes to our early practice when vasopressin was introduced for septic shock.

Methods: Charts of Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) patients receiving vasopressin for septic shock in 2005-2006 (05-06 cohort,) were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, APACHE II, hemodynamic variables, and vasoactive drug data were compared to a similar 1999-2000 cohort (99-00 cohort).

Transmural flow bioreactor for vascular tissue engineering.

Nutrient transport limitation remains a fundamental issue for in vitro culture of engineered tissues. In this study, perfusion bioreactor configurations were investigated to provide uniform delivery of oxygen to media equivalents (MEs) being developed as the basis for tissue-engineered arteries. Bioreactor configurations were developed to evaluate oxygen delivery associated with complete transmural flow (through the wall of the ME), complete axial flow (through the lumen), and a combination of these flows.

Radial dilation of ureteral balloons: comparative in vitro analysis.

Background And Purpose: The dynamics of ureteral balloon expansion may differ with increasing extrinsic compressive forces and inflation pressures. This study compared the ability of ureteral balloons to expand under different conditions.

Materials And Methods: The balloons tested were the Cook Accent, Ascend, Ascend AQ, and Pursuit; the Bard 195503 and UroForce; and the Boston Scientific Microvasive UroMax Ultra.

Comparison of epinephrine and vasopressin in a pediatric porcine model of asphyxial cardiac arrest.

Objective: This study was designed to compare the effects of vasopressin vs. epinephrine vs. the combination of epinephrine with vasopressin on vital organ blood flow and return of spontaneous circulation in a pediatric porcine model of asphyxial arrest.

High-temperature ultrafast liquid chromatography.

A novel liquid chromatographic system which enables high temperature ultrafast liquid chromatography (HTU-FLC) has been designed through the careful consideration of heat transfer, band broadening, and pressure drop. Studies of the effect of linear velocity on the HETP show that column efficiency at high velocity, especially of well-retained solutes, dramatically improves at higher temperatures. At 150 degrees C, at a flow rate of 15 mL/min with a 5 cm by 4.

Contemporary research on parenting. The case for nature and nurture.

Current findings on parental influences provide more sophisticated and less deterministic explanations than did earlier theory and research on parenting. Contemporary research approaches include (a) behavior-genetic designs, augmented with direct measures of potential environmental influences; (b) studies distinguishing among children with different genetically influenced predispositions in terms of their responses to different environmental conditions; (c) experimental and quasi-experimental studies of change in children's behavior as a result of their exposure to parents' behavior, after controlling for children's initial characteristics; and (d) research on interactions between parenting and nonfamilial environmental influences and contexts, illustrating contemporary concern with influences beyond the parent-child dyad. These approaches indicate that parental influences on child development are neither as unambiguous as earlier researchers suggested nor as insubstantial as current critics claim.

Mutations of the human tyrosinase gene associated with tyrosinase related oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1). Mutations in brief no. 204. Online.

Mutations in the human tyrosinase gene produce tyrosinase-related oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1, MIM #203100). Tyrosinase is a copper containing enzyme and is responsible for catalyzing the rate limiting step in melanin biosynthesis, the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopaquinone. We report 13 new mutations in the tyrosinase gene associated with OCA1A (without pigment) and OCA1B (with pigment) including 9 missense mutations (H19Q, R521, R77C, G97R, C289R, L312V, P313R, F340L and H404P), two nonsense mutations (W80X and R116X) and two frameshift mutations (53delG and 223 delG).

Assumptions of infantile amnesia: are there differences between early and later memories?

Most adults are able to provide few, if any, reports of autobiographical memories from the first years of life. Early memories that do exist have been characterised as highly emotional, containing an abundance of perceptual as opposed to propositional information, and more often in the third than the first person perspective. These qualities figure prominently in theories of the source of the phenomenon of infantile amnesia.

Relational aggression and social-psychological adjustment in a college sample.

Although the understanding of aggression has been significantly advanced through the study of relational aggression, past research has been limited by its predominant focus on children. This study examines the associations between relational aggression and social-psychological adjustment in a sample of young adults. A peer-nomination instrument was constructed to assess relational aggression, and self-reports of adjustment were obtained from 225 college students (45% male; mean age = 19.

High-frequency intracellular invasion of epithelial cells by serotype M1 group A streptococci: M1 protein-mediated invasion and cytoskeletal rearrangements.

A clonal variant of serotype M1 group A streptococcus (designated M1inv+) has been linked to severe and invasive infections, including sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock. High frequency internalization of cultured epithelial cells by the M1inv+ strain 90-226 is dependent upon the M1 protein. Invasion of HeLa cells was blocked by an anti-M1 antibody, invasion by an M1- strain (90-226 emm1::km) was greatly reduced, and latex beads bound to M1 protein were readily internalized by HeLa cells.

When even arbitrary order becomes important: developments in reliable temporal sequencing of arbitrarily ordered events.

By late in the first year of life, children show temporally ordered recall of event sequences, the orders of which are constrained by enabling relations; they do not reliably recall arbitrarily ordered events. Using elicited imitation, in two experiments, we examined age- and experience-related changes in young children's recall of events, the orders of which are arbitrary. The changes were found to have implications for the efficacy of verbal reminding and to be related to developments in language.

Valacyclovir.

Objective: To discuss the clinical pharmacology, antiviral activity, clinical efficacy, and other therapeutic issues associated with valacyclovir use for the treatment of herpesvirus infections.

Data Source: Literature searches using MEDLINE were prospectively designed to include relevant articles and abstracts between January 1982 and March 1996. The searches focused on valacyclovir pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and issues associated with herpesvirus infections.

Orbicularis oculi muscle fibers are relatively short and heterogeneous in length.

Purpose: The anatomy of individual myofibers within the orbicularis oculi muscle was examined to determine individual myofiber lengths in the different regions of the muscle. A wide variety of eyelid conditions require eyelid surgery or drug injections directly into the eyelid. Knowledge of regional myofiber anatomy and physiology is important for accurate treatment of these conditions.

Time course of experience-dependent synaptic potentiation and depression in barrel cortex of adolescent rats.

1. Plasticity could be induced in (S1) barrel cortex of adolescent rats by reducing the complement of vibrissae on one side of the muzzle to a single whisker for a period of 7, 20, or 60 days. The effect of deprivation was assessed by quantitatively by measuring cortical responses to stimulation of the spared and regrown deprived vibrissae.

Responsiveness and reliability of a pediatric strategy score for balance.

Various motor patterns or 'strategies' can be used to maintain balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the responsiveness of a pediatric strategy score (PED-SS) compared to a standard strategy score (SS) as a measure of age-related changes in the force patterns used to maintain stance. Eighty-one healthy children between 3-6 years of age were tested during stance on a force platform while facing a visual surround.

Dispersion of paramagnetic tracers in bead packs by T1 mapping: experiments and simulations.

NMR imaging was used to study dispersion in 6 mm bead pack. T1 maps were employed to measure the rate of axial spreading of paramagnetic tracers (GdCl3) inside the bead pack in the range of flow rate from 0.015 mL/s to 0.

Temperature-modulated pressure ulcers: a porcine model.

Objective: A reliable porcine model was developed to facilitate investigations of pressure ulcer formation, healing, and prevention. In the present study, it was specifically used to study the relationship between applied temperature, applied pressure, and time of application in the formation of cutaneous and deep tissue injuries.

Design: An apparatus and procedure were created to simultaneously apply 12 metal discs (each with a diameter of 51mm) on the dorsal aspect of the swine, all at an equal pressure of 100mmHg, for a 5-hour period, while servo-controlling disc temperatures at either 25, 35, 40, or 45 degrees C.

Personality and behavioral vulnerabilities associated with risk status for eating disorders in adolescent girls.

This article presents first-year cross-sectional findings from a study of the development of eating disorders. Adolescent female (N = 937) 7th through 10th graders completed measures that included information on personality, self-concept, eating patterns, and attitudes. A risk status score was calculated on the basis of comprehensive information regarding DSM-III-R eating disorders criteria and other weight and attitudinal data.

Financial and time costs to parents of severely disabled children.

This paper considers the financial burden of parents caring for severely disabled children. A model to predict parents' out-of-pocket expenses and caregiving time demands is described. Discriminant analysis correctly classified high and low group membership for out-of-pocket expenses and caregiving time at 72 percent and 77 percent, respectively.

Career paths of geriatric nurse practitioners employed in nursing homes.

The career paths of geriatric nurse practitioners (GNPs) trained with support from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation through the Mountain States Health Corporation (MSHC) were studied.

Smoking topography and nicotine blood levels.

Frequency and durational components of smoking topography were measured by a portable smoking device while 10 subjects smoked four cigarettes ad libitum in a non-laboratory environment. Nicotine blood levels were measured before and after smoking each cigarette and serial blood samples for determining nicotine metabolic half-life were obtained the following day. Results showed that change in pre- and post-cigarette nicotine levels and metabolic half-life for nicotine were not related to within-cigarette topography measures or nicotine yield of cigarette, but were significantly related to intercigarette interval.

Excessive vulnerability of herpes-infected endothelium to lymphokine-activated lymphocytes: a possible role in lethal viral pneumonitis following bone marrow transplantation.

1. Lymphokine-activated killer cells are cytotoxic to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. 2.